scholarly journals Study of Second and Fourth Digit Lengths and Their Ratios With Physical Attributes in Nepali Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Biswas Satyal ◽  
Abhishek Satyal
Keyword(s):  
Ring Finger ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Hand Deformities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction: The ratio of the lengths of the index and the ring finger (2D:4D ratio) is generally different between men and women. A number of studies have shown a correlation between the 2D:4D digit ratio and various physical and behavioral traits. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of the index (2nd) and ring (4th) digit ratios with some physical traits in Nepal population. Material & Method: 200 students (100 males and 100 females) between ages of 18 years and above were randomly selected with exclusion of those with hand deformities. The digit lengths were measured from the basal crease to the tips usingvernier calipers. The 2D:4D ratios were determined for each subject while height and weight were used to calculate the body mass index and data analyzed. The study was conducted between January 2018 to November 2018. Result: The result of the anthropometric study of the differences in index (2D) and ring (4D) and their ratios shows that there was a significant difference between the length of index finger (2D), ring finger (4D) and the ratios of right hand's 2D:4D in both males and females. There was appositive correlation between the second digit length and Height and weight in males and females both on right and left sides. The 2D:4D ratio for both left and right hand did not show any positive correlation with height, weight or BMI of an individual.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Contracaecum sp. larvae (Nematoda : Anisakidae) in the catfishClarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Males And Females

Clarias gariepinus were collected from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe, and examined for nematode parasites from November 2000 to May 2002. Of the 202 specimens collected, 42.6 % were infected with third-stage larvae of Contracaecum sp. in the body cavity. The intensity of the infection was 1-7 worms per fish (mean intensity = 2.2). Seasonal variation in the prevalence of the parasite was not obvious and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between males and females (c2 = 2.228; P > 0.05). No significant relationship between host size and prevalence was established. There was also no significant relationship between intensity and the body condition factor (r = 0.11; P > 0.05). The low parasite prevalence may have been caused by the disruption of the infection cycle since piscivorous birds, which are the final hosts of the parasite, do not feed on C. gariepinus in Lake Chivero.

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Peter Krišovský
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values, confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.

scholarly journals Torticollis as the Main Presentation in a Child with Russell-Silver Syndrome: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Javadzadeh ◽  
Hedieh Saneifard ◽  
Amir Hossein Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Triangular Face ◽  
Postnatal Growth Retardation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Silver Syndrome ◽  
Two Sides

Russell-Silver syndrome is a genetic disorder the inheritance pattern of which is mostly sporadic. Some of the features of the syndrome are present at birth, and others appear in later years. The main clinical features include low birth weight, poor growth postnatally, short height, and discrepancies in size between the two sides of the body Abu-Amera et al. (2008), Binder et al. (2011). There is no statistical significant difference in prevalence between males and females. We report a case of Russell-Silver syndrome with intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, triangular face, and body asymmetry, in addition to torticollis as a novel manifestation. In neck sonography, we found asymmetry of sternocleidomastoid muscles. In conclusion, we describe torticollis as a presentation of Russell-Silver syndrome.

Chemical variability in plumage of wild lesser snow geese

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kelsall ◽  
W. J. Pannekoek ◽  
Roland Burton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Analytical Error ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Lesser Snow Geese ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Young Of The Year

This experiment was designed to show whether there were chemical differences within a population of wild lesser snow geese between the plumage of young of the year and older birds, males and females, left and right wings, and among primary flight feathers 2 to 7, inclusive. The chemical elements Na, Ca, K, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Si were used as variables. Many points of statistically significant difference were found, some reflecting physiological and metabolic differences associated with sex and growth.Tests for analytical error, due to technique or equipment, showed it to be large. That result emphasizes the need to randomize the order in which samples are run in this sort of work, and the need for adequate numbers of samples.

Flight of the Chinese white pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to sex, body weight and energy reserve

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chen ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
S.H. Bu ◽  
Z.Q. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Chinese White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe flight distance, flight time and individual flight activities of males and females of Dendroctonus armandi were recorded during 96-h flight trials using a flight mill system. The body weight, glucose, glycogen and lipid content of four treatments (naturally emerged, starved, phloem-fed and water-fed) were compared among pre-flight, post-flight and unflown controls. There was no significant difference between males and females in total flight distance and flight time in a given 24-h period. The flight distance and flight time of females showed a significant linear decline as the tethered flying continued, but the sustained flight ability of females was better than that of males. The females had higher glycogen and lipid content than the males; however, there was no significant difference between both sexes in glucose content. Water-feeding and phloem-feeding had significant effects on longevity, survival days and flight potential of D. armandi, which resulted in longer feeding days, poorer flight potential and lower energy substrate content. Our results demonstrate that flight distances in general do not differ between water-fed and starved individuals, whereas phloem-fed females and males fly better than water-fed and starved individuals.

scholarly journals Sexual Orientation, Sexual Arousal, and Finger Length Ratios in Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Holmes ◽  
Tuesday M. Watts-Overall ◽  
Erlend Slettevold ◽  
Dragos C. Gruia ◽  
Jamie Raines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Sexual Stimuli ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Prenatal Androgens ◽  
Sexual Responses

AbstractIn general, women show physiological sexual arousal to both sexes. However, compared with heterosexual women, homosexual women are more aroused to their preferred sex, a pattern typically found in men. We hypothesized that homosexual women’s male-typical arousal is due to their sex-atypical masculinization during prenatal development. We measured the sexual responses of 199 women (including 67 homosexual women) via their genital arousal and pupil dilation to female and male sexual stimuli. Our main marker of masculinization was the ratio of the index to ring finger, which we expected to be lower (a masculine pattern) in homosexual women due to increased levels of prenatal androgens. We further measured observer- and self-ratings of psychological masculinity–femininity as possible proxies of prenatal androgenization. Homosexual women responded more strongly to female stimuli than male stimuli and therefore had more male-typical sexual responses than heterosexual women. However, they did not have more male-typical digit ratios, even though this difference became stronger if analyses were restricted to white participants. Still, variation in women's digit ratios did not account for the link between their sexual orientation and their male-typical sexual responses. Furthermore, homosexual women reported and displayed more masculinity than heterosexual women, but their masculinity was not associated with their male-typical sexual arousal. Thus, women’s sexual and behavioral traits, and potential anatomical traits, are possibly masculinized at different stages of gestation.

An Objective Measure of the Subjective Pain Response Resulting from Lumbar Muscle Fatigue Due to Lifting

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 869-873
Author(s):  
Susan Kotowski ◽  
Kermit Davis ◽  
Lisa Lemen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Pathway ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
The Brain

Pain is one of the body's least understood biological responses. Pain measurement often relies on the perception of the individual without any link to known objective responses within the body. The objective of the study was to relate a quantitative measurement of pain obtained by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), which analyzes chemical shifts in the brain, to perceived pain responses, as measured by ratings of pain. A lifting task was performed to achieve lumbar musculature fatigue, and induce muscle pain. Prior to, immediately following, and 24-hours post, MRS scans were recorded to document chemicals in the brain. All of the participants elicited significant fatigue during the lifting task that resulted in significant pain immediately following and 24-hrs after fatiguing exertions. However, for the majority of brain chemical responses, there was not a significant pattern. The exception was the significant difference in brain response between males and females. Although the results were not completely conclusive in establishing a pain pathway, several key conclusions can be drawn: 1) pain processing appears to be different between males and females, 2) pain pathway to the brain is complex and maybe the underlying reason why low back pain is so elusive, and 3) chemical response may be different, depending upon the location in the brain. Future work will need to better delineate the latency period for muscle pain and changes in the neurosensory system in the brain.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Profiling Distinguishes Left-Sided and Right-Sided Colon Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengya Zhong ◽  
Yubo Xiong ◽  
Zhijian Ye ◽  
Jiabao Zhao ◽  
Lifeng Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individualized Drug Therapy ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The difference between left- and right-sided colon cancer has become the focus of global attention, and researchers have found differences in the morbidity, molecular biological characteristics, and response to targeted drug therapy between left- and right-sided colon cancer. Therefore, the identification of more effective predictive indicators is critical for providing guidance to future clinical work. We collected samples from different colon sites and regions and analyzed the identities and distributions of differentially expressed species in the microbiota in the left and right sides of the colon to better explore the pathogenesis of colon cancer and provided a basis for individualized drug therapy. We collected samples from different regions in the body of 40 patients with colon cancer, including stool and tissues. The Subjects were classified into four groups, and this classification was mainly based on the colon cancer distribution. The microbiota composition of the left-sided and right-sided colon samples was assessed by specifically amplifying the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene from DNA extracts from the samples. These amplicons were examined by Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing. The microbial taxa in the left-sided colon samples are more abundant than those in the right-sided colon samples. The flora in the left-sided colon samples, such as Clostridium perfringens and Fusobacterium nucleatum, might be associated with VEGF expression and are more likely to promote colon cancer. The microbiota distribution in the right-sided colon samples is less invasive and harmful and particularly rich in Bifidobacterium dentium. In addition, Streptococcus, which is the target of EGFR, was found to be expressed in both the left- and right-sided colon samples but was found at a higher level in the left-sided colon samples. Additionally, the differential pathways involved in the left-sided colon samples mainly mediate DNA damage, methylation, and histone modifications, whereas those in the right-sided colon samples are dominated by DNA synthesis. The comparison of only the geographical differences revealed a significant difference in the distribution of the microbial population. The adherent microbiota composition and structural changes between the left- and right-sided colon samples might contribute to the development of colon cancer, lead to different morbidities, and further affect the prognosis of patients and their sensitivity to targeted drugs. Therefore, the identification of the differential flora in the colon could be used as an indicator for predicting the occurrence and development of colon cancer, which is also beneficial for future individualized drug therapy.

Body Weight, Sex Ratio and Seasonal Reproductive Changes in the Indian Mole Rat, Bandicota bengalensis in the Punjab

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kaur ◽  
SS Guraya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Post Implantation

A study has been made of seasonal changes in the body weights of males and females, and of ovarian and uterine weights, in the Indian mole rat, Bandicota bengalensis, between July 1976 and June 1978, from areas surrounding Ludhiana (30�56'N.,75�52'E.). An attempt has been made to correlate them and peaks in reproductive activity with environmental factors such as daylength, temperature, rainfall and availability of food. During both years of study, the percentage of males was 45.2. The body, ovary and uterus were lighter during winter, and then gained weight, with peaks during April and August-September. Males were generally heavier than females. On the whole, 34.7% of females were either pregnant or lactating. The breeding season extended from mid-February to mid-October. Two peaks in breeding activity (April and August-September), with a decline during June, were separated by a period of reproductive inactivity from November to mid-February. The average litter size was 8.88 (range 5-13). Embryos occurred with almost the same frequency in the left and right uterine horns. The pre-implantation mortality was 9.6% and post-implantation mortality 4.8%; thus the total prenatal mortality was 13.7%. The percentage of embryos found resorbing was 4.1. The results have been discussed in the light of the literature on the reproductive biology of rodents in this region.

scholarly journals Otolith And Growth Pattern Layang Fish, Decapterus Muroadsi Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 In Manado Bay

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yulianti Umar ◽  
Fransine B. Manginsela ◽  
Ruddy D. Moningkey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Total Length ◽  
A Value ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research is to know the distribution of the size of Decapterus muroadsi, to describe otolit that is otolith length (Po), width otolith (Lo), perimeter / otolith circumference (Ko), otolith area (Ao), and determine the relationship of total length and body weight of fish kite Decapterus muroadsi in Manado Bay. The sampling was conducted in August - December 2017 of the gliders obtained during the study of 135 individuals in which males were 87 individuals and 48 female individuals. Distribution of the total length of the globe and the body height of the globe fish 190 mm - 225 mm, weighs 63 grams - 154 grams, the female fish has a total length of 205 mm - 250 mm, and weighst 88 grams - 159 grams. To know the morphometric perimeter otolith left and right perimeter otolith fish taken to be taken as otolith samples of male fish (15 individuals) and females (15 individuals). The results of the comparison analysis were found for the left and right otolith of male trooper with otolith length (Po) 0.796, perimeterr / otolith circumference (Ko) 0.621, and otolith area (Ao) 0.268 and females with 0.027 otolith (Po) 0.057, perimeter / otolith (Ko) 0.231, and otolith area (Ao) 0.858, males and females did not differ significantly between left otolith and right otolite where t-hit <from t-table as for otolith (O2) 2,371 and otolith otolith otolith (Lo) 2,952 differs markedly where t-hit> from t-table. Kites, Decapterus muroadsi used as a sample in the study were 135 individuals divided into 3 parts, namely males and females and combined (males and females). Based on the result of growth pattern analysis on the value of the fish b of the Decapterus muroadsi male has t-hit> t-table (4E - 06> 1,998) and mixed (and female) have t-hit> t-table (4E-06 - 1,997) Therefore H1 is accepted as (allometric) and females have t-hit <t-table (3E-O6-1,679) has a value b where hypothesis H1 is accepted as isometric. Keywords: Decapterus muroadsi, Describing, Otolith, male, females ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran ukuran ikan layang Decapterus muroadsi, mendeskripsikan otolit yakni panjang otolit (Po), lebar otolit (Lo), perimeter/keliling otolit (Ko), area otolit (Ao), dan menentukan hubungan panjang total dan berat tubuh ikan layang Decapterus muroadsi di Teluk Manado. Pengambilan sampel  ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus – Desember 2017 ikan layang yang di peroleh selama penelitian sebanyak 135 individu di mana jantan 87 individu dan betina 48 individu. Sebaran ukuran panjang total ikan layang dan berat tubuh ikan layang jantan 190 mm – 225 mm, berat 63 gram – 154 gram, ikan layang betina memiliki panjang total 205 mm – 250 mm, dan berat 88 gram – 159 gram, Untuk mengetahui perimeter morfometrik otolit kiri dan kanan perimeter otolit ikan layang yang diambil untuk dijadikan sampel otolit ikan layang jantan berjumlah (15 individu) dan betina (15 individu). Hasil analisis perbandingan ternyata untuk otolit kiri dan kanan ikan layang jantan dengan Panjang otolit (Po) 0,796, perimeterr / keliling otolit (Ko) 0,621, dan  area otolit (Ao) 0,268 dan betina dengan Panjang otolit (Po) 0,057, perimeter/keliling otolit (Ko) 0,231, dan area otolit (Ao) 0,858, jantan dan betina tidak berbeda nyata antara otolit kiri dan otolit kanan di mana t-hit < dari t-tabel adapun untuk otolit jantan lebar otolit (Lo) 2,371 dan otolit betina  lebar otolit (Lo) 2,952 berbeda nyata di mana t-hit > dari t-tabel. Ikan layang, Decapterus muroadsi yang digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 135 individu yang di bagi dalam 3 bagian yaitu jantan dan betina serta gabungan (jantan dan betina). Berdasarkan hasil analisis pola pertumbuhan terhadap nilai b ikan layang Decapterus muroadsi jantan memiliki t-hit> t-tabel (4E – 06 >1,998) serta campuran (jantan dan betina) memiliki t-hit> t-tabel (4E-06 – 1,997) Maka dari itu H1 di terima sebagai (allometrik) dan betina memiliki t-hit< t-tabel (3E-O6– 1,679) memiliki nilai b dimana hipotesis H1 diterima sebagai isometrik.Kata kunci : Decapterus muroadsi, mendeskripsikan, otolit, jantan, betina

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