Effectiveness of Driver Compensation to Avoid Vehicle Collision under Visual Field Contraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1911-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Makoto Itoh ◽  
Toshiyuki Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Hazardous Object ◽  
Set Up

Visual field contraction is an important contributing factor to road traffic accidents. Visually impaired drivers may compensate for the adverse effects of the visual field contraction. This study investigated the effectiveness of two types of compensation: (1) reducing vehicle speed and (2) looking around more frequently. Furthermore, we focused on a hazardous event, where a hazardous object comes into driver’s field of view again after passing out of sight. We conducted an experiment by using a driving simulator and special eyeglasses that reduce healthy people’s field of view to approximately 10 degrees. We set up 3 experimental conditions: driving without contraction, driving with contraction following two different instructions: reduce speed or look around more frequently. Statistically, reducing speed was effective in reducing the risk of collision compared to looking around frequently. However, it was difficult to determine whether the drivers recognized the hazard or not based on driver’s behavioral data or an interview that carried out to check whether participants recognize the hazard after collision.

scholarly journals Using Video to Validate Vehicle Speed Uncertainty in Vertical Side Collisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Jianjun Yang ◽  
Dawei Dong ◽  
Pingfei Li ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Vertical Side ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Calculation Results

Vehicle speed access is an important part of road traffic accidents. Many factors affect the speed of the vehicle in vertical side collisions. Uncertainty in speed calculations related to vehicle collision was researched. The main parameters which have a greater impact on the speed of calculation results were discussed. And speed calculation methods based on uncertainty factors have been analyzed. By use of the vehicle vertical side collisions case, the speed of uncertainty has been carried out. Combined with accident surveillance video, the video picture computed speed and uncertainty factors obtained speed were compared. The results showed that selected road adhesion coefficient, vehicle weight and other parameters as the uncertainty factors, the use of uncertainty obtained speed with high reliability of forensic, which can be used in accident reconstruction.

scholarly journals Using the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems to Compare the Impact of Speed and Space Perception on the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac ◽  
Libor Švadlenka ◽  
Svetlana Čičević ◽  
Aleksandar Trifunović ◽  
Momčilo Dobrodolac
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
The Impact

A constantly increasing number of deaths on roads forces analysts to search for models that predict the driver’s propensity for road traffic accidents (RTAs). This paper aims to examine a relationship between the speed and space assessment capabilities of drivers in terms of their association with the occurrence of RTAs. The method used for this purpose is based on the implementation of the interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System (T2FIS). The inputs to the first T2FIS relate to the speed assessment capabilities of drivers. These capabilities were measured in the experiment with 178 young drivers, with test speeds of 30, 50, and 70 km/h. The participants assessed the aforementioned speed values from four different observation positions in the driving simulator. On the other hand, the inputs of the second T2FIS are space assessment capabilities. The same group of drivers took two types of space assessment tests—2D and 3D. The third considered T2FIS sublimates of all previously mentioned inputs in one model. The output in all three T2FIS structures is the number of RTAs experienced by a driver. By testing three proposed T2FISs on the empirical data, the result of the research indicates that the space assessment characteristics better explain participation in RTAs compared to the speed assessment capabilities. The results obtained are further confirmed by implementing a multiple regression analysis.

scholarly journals Relationship between Road Traffic Accidents and Visual Status of Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers in an Urban Area of Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. F. Pepple ◽  
Chibuike Sydney Ejimadu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers

Aim: To determine the relationship between visual status of commercial motor vehicle drivers and road traffic accidents (RTA) in an urban area of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Methods: Four hundred commercial vehicle drivers in the 10 major motor parks of Port Harcourt LGA were interviewed and examined in this study. A structured questionnaire on demographic characteristics, driving and ocular history was administered. Ocular examination included visual acuity, refraction, visual field, tonometry, colour vision test and ophthalmoscopy. The data collected was entered into computer using EPI-INFO statistical software for analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from relevant authorities.   Results: Seven drivers (1.8%) out of 400 drivers examined were visually impaired. There were 14 cases (3.5%) of monocular blindness. Eighteen (4.5%) were colour blind (p>0.05) while 16 (4%) had visual field defects (p>0.05). One hundred and eighty two (45.5%) drivers had been involved in RTA, out of which 2 drivers (1.1%) were visually impaired (p>0.05). Cataract found in 37 cases was the leading cause of visual impairment (42.8%). Other common ocular problems were pterygium (26.7%), presbyopia (22.9%), glaucoma (11.5%), and refractive error (8.4%).There was no statistical significant association between the ocular findings and RTA Conclusion: Only a few of those involved in RTA were actually visually impaired. Therefore, other factors may have been responsible for the majority of the cases of the RTAs in this study necessitating the need for more research.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN TRAFFIC CLIMATE BETWEEN DRIVING SIMULATION SCENARIOS WITH DIFFERENT COMPLEXITY LEVELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Climate Scale

Road traffic injuries are one of the most important public health problems all over the world. Despite of the globality of the problem, driver behaviors, road traffic accidents and injuries show regional difference. Perceived traffic climate is related to driver behaviors. In order to predict driver behaviors, Traffic Climate Scale is used, which measures road users’ perceptions towards traffic system. Previously, the validity of Traffic Climate Scale was tested with self-report measures (i.e. Driver Behavior Questionnaire) and with simulator based results. Characteristics of simulator scenarios show differences based on purpose of research questions. However, researchers do not have enough information about whether participants perceive these differences or not. With respect to this, the aim of the present study is to test whether Traffic Climate Scale could be used to evaluate the characteristics of a simulated driving environment. For this reason, a total of 78 participants between the ages of 18 and 25 (M = 22.28, SD = 1.64) drove two driving simulation scenarios. High complexity scenario was perceived as more internally demanding than low complexity scenario. The results showed that, in addition to the country-level measurement of traffic climate, traffic climate measurement might be used to evaluate the perception of driving simulation scenarios. There is also a need of future studies that includes different driving simulators and scenarios. Keywords Internal requirements, traffic climate, driving simulator, road safety

scholarly journals The Danger of Wearing an Anorak

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Chui M G Cheung ◽  
Omar M Durrani ◽  
Ming S Lim ◽  
Mahesh Ramchandani ◽  
Somnath Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Binocular Visual Field

Campaigns to reduce road traffic accidents have paid little attention to the way headgear could interfere with vision. Binocular visual field measurement was undertaken in six healthy volunteers wearing four different types of anorak. All four anoraks greatly reduced the horizontal and superior field of vision. The anorak producing the worst reduction resulted in a width of vision of 99° and only 15° of vision above eye level, versus 167° and 52° respectively without an anorak. Anorak wearers should turn their heads to look sideways before crossing the road.

The Neglected Epidemic: Road Traffic Crashes in India

Metamorphosis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Central State ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
State And Local

Deaths and injuries resulting from road traffic crashes are a major and growing public health problem in India. Every week nearly 2,500 people get killed and 9,000 get injured due to traffic accidents. Traffic accidents have now earned India a dubious distinction; with nearly 127,000 deaths annually, the country has overtaken China to top the world in road fatalities. While in many developed and developing countries including China, the situation is generally improving, India faces a worsening situation. Road traffic collisions on the nation's roads claim five times more lives now than they did three decades ago. Without increased efforts and new initiatives, the total number of road traffic deaths in India is likely to cross the mark of 250,000 by 2025. There is thus an urgent need to recognize the worsening situation in road deaths and injuries and to take appropriate action. Certain interventions such as enforcement of legislation to control vehicle speed and alcohol consumption, mandating the use of seat-belts and helmets, and safer design and use of roads and vehicles have huge potential to reduce the incidence and impact of road traffic crashes. The time has come for the central, state, and local governments to act now. Acting now will save thousands of lives.

scholarly journals Accident reconstruction and assessment of the cyclist`s injuries sustained in a car-bicycle collision

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
S. A. Evtyukov ◽  
◽  
I. S. Brylev ◽  
M. M. Blinder ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Severity Degree

The aim of this study was to study the movement kinematics of a two-wheeled vehicle (TWV) and the factors influencing the severity degree of injuries sustained by a cyclist in a collision with a car by modeling using the MADYMO software (MAthematic DYnamic MOdels). The analysis of the influence of the vehicle speed on the severity degree of injury at a certain moment of collision is carried out. It has been determined that an increase in vehicle speed has a direct effect on an increase in the cyclist's kickback distance. A quantitative assessment of the factors influencing the severity degree of injuries in road traffic accidents is given. Graphs were built and regression equations were obtained depending on the speed of the car and the time of the collision.

scholarly journals Methods for Investigating Road Traffic Accidents Using Modern Automated Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
O. V. Saraiev ◽  
S. V. Danez
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Video Image ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Vehicle Movement

The paper presents investigation methods which are aimed at increasing an accuracy in determination of parameters for movement of vehicles in the reconstruction process of road traffic accidents. The problems with a target to improve a method for calculation of vehicle movement speed and location coordinates at different time moments have been solved in the paper. In order to determine more accurately nature of vehicle damage and their location on carriageway, a laser scanning method has been applied which makes it possible to reduce an error while determining dimensions and distances, and to shorten time for an inspection of the road traffic accident place. The presence of a scanned image in three-dimensional form allows more accurately to simulate nature and angle concerning approach of vehicles prior to a collision. A methodological support for determination of vehicle movement parameters has been developed on the basis of the recorded data from driving video recorders (DVRs). It has been established that an error in measuring a speed of movement for vehicles will depend on quality of a video image, length of the investigated area and range of possible speeds. A relative error will be the higher, the smaller we have vehicle speed range and length of the investigated section. A mathematical model of vehicle speed change in a differential form has been compiled and solved in the paper. The model allows to calculate a speed of motion at different time moments with respect to recording from driving video recorders. In addition, the developed methodology permits more accurately to determine coordinates of vehicle location on a photoand video image. This is especially important while determining places of pedestrian-road accident or vehicle collision location of the collision or the place of collision with regard to the edge of carriageway. Unlike subjective research methods when initial data for carrying out auto-technical investigations are established by interviewing witnesses and the accused, the proposed methods make it possible to permit reconstruction of a road traffic accident exclusively by objective methods with the help of automated technical means.

scholarly journals ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD HUSSAIN KHAN ◽  
Tariq Sohail Babar ◽  
IFTIKHAR AHMED ◽  
Khalid Shakeel Babar ◽  
NIAMATULLAH ZIA
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Interventions

Context : Road traffic accidents are a major yet neglected publichealth problem in developing countries. Trends in motorization indicate an increase in road traffic injuries;furthermore, by 2020, they could rank third in the order of burden of disease Road traffic accidents are an importantyet preventable cause of death and disability in developing countries, like Pakistan. Objective: To explorepreventable aspects of the road traffic accidents. Design: Cross sectional study Setting: Casualty department ofDistrict Head Quarter Teaching hospital Dera Ismail Khan. Patients & Methods: All non-fatal and non-comatosecases of road traffic accidents victims reporting to casualty department were included in the study. The victims ofthe accidents were interviewed to obtain information about circumstances leading to accidents. The informationcollected comprised: time of accidents, nature of injury, narcotic consumption of driver, condition of road andvehicle, safety belts, road signs and vehicle speed beside demographic characteristics of respondents. Results:Age revealed that age group 21-25 years were highly affected 18 % while age group 51-55 years were leastaffected 2 %. Among them were male 76 % and were female 24%. 93 victims belong to rural area ( 62%) while 57were from urban (38%). Among victims, 37% were motorcyclist, 23% bicyclist , 22% motorized two-wheelers and18% bus users. The accidents were more common during the daytime in 100 cases (66%). Fractures of bones wascommon injury in 90 cases (60%) afflicted to the victims followed by multiple injuries like blunt injuries, abrasionsand lacerations. Among victims , only 2% used protective helmets. All helmet users were motorcyclists. No seatbelts were found to have been used by the victims. There was no evidence of any narcotics consumption by thedriver prior to accidents. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents are predictable and preventable but good data isimportant to understand the ways in which road safety interventions can be effective. Cost-effective preventivemeasures can be designed to address this global problem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document