An Analysis of Human Risk Taking in Simulated Occupational Situations

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Jessie C. Fortenberry ◽  
Leo A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
The Third ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Manual Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

Human risk-taking in simulated occupational situations containing personal injury as a hazard was investigated. The occupational situations of interest are those requiring manual interaction with active machine components within given time constraints. The results of three studies are presented with emphasis on the third study. The first two investigated the relationship between selected personal attributes and subjects1 risk-taking tendencies as described by the maximum probability of failure under which they would accept a risk. The variables of interest in the first study were principally perceptual-motor skills. The second study was directed at the question: Do introverts and extraverts differ in the amount of risk they are willing to take relative to their abilities, and if so, what causes the difference? In the third study, subjects worked in pairs, (one the decision maker, one the performer) under eight conditions of potential gain or loss. Comparisons were made of the risks subjects selected for themselves and the other person. Personality factors which may influence decision making were measured.

scholarly journals LEGAL AXIOMS: APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Inna Zelenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article reflects the diversity of views on the concept of "legal axiom". It is clarified that there are lawyers who deny the existence of the concept of "axiom" in law. It is presented that some scholars identify legal axioms with legal customs in terms of content, formulation and existence, as well as methods of provision. It is revealed that legal axioms have common features and differences with legal presumptions. It is emphasized that the legal presumption and legal axiom are understood as true without evidence. It is considered that the difference between a legal presumption and a legal axiom lies in the difference of circumstances: they allow to consider them plausible; possibilities (impossibilities) of refutation; significance, content and form It is demonstrated that there are several approaches to the relationship of legal axioms with the principles of law. It has been found that the first group of scholars identify the principles of law and axioms. Attention is drawn to the fact that the second group of scholars notes that axioms are prerequisites for the principles of law. It is presented that the representatives of the third group distinguish between the concepts of principles of law and legal axioms. It has been shown that the complex interrelationships of principles and axioms are reflected in their dialectical unity, their ability to pass from one to another, and the disclosure of one phenomenon through another. It is noted that axioms are subject to change, so axioms and presumptions are closely interrelated and under certain conditions can replace each other. The definition of legal axioms has been further considered. Legal axioms are a multifaceted complex phenomenon of legal reality related to law, legal awareness and legal science. regularities, properties of special legal principles of law and serve to simplify legal regulation.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Kepribadian, Kesiapan Organisasi untuk Berubah dan Kriteria Universitas Kelas Dunia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Azhar El Hami
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Change Readiness ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Link Variable

Changes in the organization is important to retain its existence and continues to grow. This study attempted to see the connection between personality factors (the big five factor), organizational change readiness and the criteria of World Class University at University X. Based on the analysis of qualitative and statistical tests associated with the third link variable, then showed that the personality and organizational change readiness have an important role for the achievement of world class criteria university. This research showed that personality profiles of  extraversion and openess to experience as well as aspects of the vision of change and acceptance phase to be decisive for the index of world class university. This result seems to be supported by the presence of the relationship between extraversion profile with aspects of the vision of change and acceptance. The profile of openness to experience also correlated with aspects of vision of change and acceptance.

scholarly journals Emergence of Cooperative Impression With Self-Estimation, Thinking Time, and Concordance of Risk Sensitivity in Playing Hanabi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Osawa ◽  
Atsushi Kawagoe ◽  
Eisuke Sato ◽  
Takuya Kato
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
The Self ◽  
Risk Sensitivity ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The authors evaluate the extent to which a user’s impression of an AI agent can be improved by giving the agent the ability of self-estimation, thinking time, and coordination of risk tendency. The authors modified the algorithm of an AI agent in the cooperative game Hanabi to have all of these traits, and investigated the change in the user’s impression by playing with the user. The authors used a self-estimation task to evaluate the effect that the ability to read the intention of a user had on an impression. The authors also show thinking time of an agent influences impression for an agent. The authors also investigated the relationship between the concordance of the risk-taking tendencies of players and agents, the player’s impression of agents, and the game experience. The results of the self-estimation task experiment showed that the more accurate the estimation of the agent’s self, the more likely it is that the partner will perceive humanity, affinity, intelligence, and communication skills in the agent. The authors also found that an agent that changes the length of thinking time according to the priority of action gives the impression that it is smarter than an agent with a normal thinking time when the player notices the difference in thinking time or an agent that randomly changes the thinking time. The result of the experiment regarding concordance of the risk-taking tendency shows that influence player’s impression toward agents. These results suggest that game agent designers can improve the player’s disposition toward an agent and the game experience by adjusting the agent’s self-estimation level, thinking time, and risk-taking tendency according to the player’s personality and inner state during the game.

scholarly journals Uncertainity of risk and increasing risk of uncertainty in business decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-312
Author(s):  
Iván Bélyácz ◽  
Katalin Daubner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Our paper follows the development of theory regarding the position of risk and uncertainty in economics from the publication of works by Knight (1921) and Keynes (1921) until the recent past. The starting point is presented by the relevant remarks of the thinkers of classical economics. Next, we describe the turning point related to Knight and Keynes and reveal the theoretical roots of risk taking. In the core chapter of the paper the authors make an attempt to re-interpret “animal spirits” as the intention for risk taking. A separate chapter is devoted to the relationship of rational choice and risk, and another one about the canonisation of risk in economics. In further parts of the paper, we examine the intentions to relativize the difference between risk and uncertainty, the negligence of uncertainty in the neo-classical system, the attempts to merge risk and uncertainty and the disruption of the unity of risk taking and risk bearing. Finally, the authors come to the conclusion that Knight’s and Keynes’ doctrines of risk and uncertainty have stood the test of time.

Personality Factors Predicting Disinhibited and Risky Online Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Madeleine T. D’Agata ◽  
Peter J. Kwantes
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Online Disinhibition ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The current study examined how individual differences relate to one’s tendency to feel disinhibited in the online space. We conducted an online study for which we developed two short measures to assess online disinhibition and risky online behaviors. Specifically, we examined the relationship between feelings of anonymity and invisibility in the online environment and personality. Moreover, we hypothesized that feelings of disinhibition in the online realm would be strongly related to engaging in risky behaviors. We examined the relationship between our two measures and the HEXACO six-factor model of personality and three additional individual differences. Results indicated that lower Honesty-Humility, higher Emotionality, and higher stimulating risk-taking are predictors of both online disinhibition and risky online behaviors. Additionally, lower eXtraversion and lower Conscientiousness are predictors of online disinhibition, but not risky online behaviors. Implications for these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals AS DIMENSÕES CONCEITUAIS E NÃO CONCEITUAIS DA PRÁTICA BUDISTA-CENTRADO NO CAPÍTULO SOBRE AS TRÊS SABEDORIAS NO SATYA-SIDDHI-SÃSTRA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
Joaquim Antônio Bernardes Carneiro Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Buddhist Studies ◽  
Conceptual Dimension ◽  
The Third ◽  
Buddhist Practice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The present work is completely grounded in the methodology of textual analysis as present in buddhist studies and has three essential pretentions. The first one is to discuss the relationship between the conceptual and non-conceptual dimensions of buddhist practice from the standpoint of the concept of the three wisdoms. The second one is to define a central standpoint able to judge the difference between buddhist practice proper and the therapeutic and scientific approaches to meditation. The third one tries to think the complete autonomy of the conceptual dimension from an analysis of the relationship between the three wisdoms and the three worlds in the Satya-siddhi-Sãstra.

Allgemeine Pädagogik und Sonderpädagogik. Űberlegungen zum Verhältnis von Inklusion und Exklusion aus der Sicht Dreiser Kausalitäten in Erziehungs- und Bildungsprozessen

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Dietrich Benner
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
General Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Educative Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The author considers the relationship between exclusion and inclusion from the perspective of three kinds of causality in educational processes. His considerations are divided into four parts. The first one indicates the place occupied by special education as part of general science of education. The second part explains the difference between education as extrinsic pedagogical interaction and intrinsic self-educative process. On this basis, the third part discusses three types of causes characterizing the processes of teaching and learning and refers them to special education’s field. The fourth and last part contains guidelines for such an understanding of special education, in which the opposition between inclusion and exclusion is avoided.

Mengungkap Konsep Bilangan Prima dalam Surat Al-Kautsar

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Umi Azizatul Mubaroh ◽  
Mujib Mujib ◽  
Muhamad Syazali
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Prime Numbers ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Qualitative Model ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Text Images

This study requires to use a qualitative model, while for the type of research, using Content Analysis. Content analysis is a model used to examine the documentation data in the form of text, images, symbols, and so forth. A research technique for making inferences that can be replicated and valid data with the context. As a technique of research, the content analysis includes specific procedures for processing the scientific data with the aim of providing knowledge, open new horizons and presenting the facts. Assessment of the linkages primes 3 includes a discussion on the relationship with the meaning and also lafadznya, apart from Al-Kautsar consists of three paragraphs, including the font used and unused in the letter, the difference between the two is 6 (multiples of prime numbers 3), for the number of repetitions of letters obtained 111.111.111.123.444.510 numbers (multiples of primes 3), in a letter lafadz هللاproduce numbers 15 and 1,040 (multiples of primes 3), the sequence of letters and the number of letters in the Qur'an produced 114 108 numbers (multiples of primes 3), correlation beginning and end of the letter gives the figure 1.515 (multiples of primes 3), and the number of repetitions of letters in each verse, second verse generate numbers 1.111.111.224, 1.111.111.122 generate numbers second paragraph, and paragraph the third 1.111.111.125 produce numbers which are all multiples of primes 3.

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

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