scholarly journals Emergence of Cooperative Impression With Self-Estimation, Thinking Time, and Concordance of Risk Sensitivity in Playing Hanabi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Osawa ◽  
Atsushi Kawagoe ◽  
Eisuke Sato ◽  
Takuya Kato
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
The Self ◽  
Risk Sensitivity ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The authors evaluate the extent to which a user’s impression of an AI agent can be improved by giving the agent the ability of self-estimation, thinking time, and coordination of risk tendency. The authors modified the algorithm of an AI agent in the cooperative game Hanabi to have all of these traits, and investigated the change in the user’s impression by playing with the user. The authors used a self-estimation task to evaluate the effect that the ability to read the intention of a user had on an impression. The authors also show thinking time of an agent influences impression for an agent. The authors also investigated the relationship between the concordance of the risk-taking tendencies of players and agents, the player’s impression of agents, and the game experience. The results of the self-estimation task experiment showed that the more accurate the estimation of the agent’s self, the more likely it is that the partner will perceive humanity, affinity, intelligence, and communication skills in the agent. The authors also found that an agent that changes the length of thinking time according to the priority of action gives the impression that it is smarter than an agent with a normal thinking time when the player notices the difference in thinking time or an agent that randomly changes the thinking time. The result of the experiment regarding concordance of the risk-taking tendency shows that influence player’s impression toward agents. These results suggest that game agent designers can improve the player’s disposition toward an agent and the game experience by adjusting the agent’s self-estimation level, thinking time, and risk-taking tendency according to the player’s personality and inner state during the game.

An Analysis of Human Risk Taking in Simulated Occupational Situations

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Jessie C. Fortenberry ◽  
Leo A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
The Third ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Manual Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

Human risk-taking in simulated occupational situations containing personal injury as a hazard was investigated. The occupational situations of interest are those requiring manual interaction with active machine components within given time constraints. The results of three studies are presented with emphasis on the third study. The first two investigated the relationship between selected personal attributes and subjects1 risk-taking tendencies as described by the maximum probability of failure under which they would accept a risk. The variables of interest in the first study were principally perceptual-motor skills. The second study was directed at the question: Do introverts and extraverts differ in the amount of risk they are willing to take relative to their abilities, and if so, what causes the difference? In the third study, subjects worked in pairs, (one the decision maker, one the performer) under eight conditions of potential gain or loss. Comparisons were made of the risks subjects selected for themselves and the other person. Personality factors which may influence decision making were measured.

the self in Greek literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gill
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Literature And Philosophy ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thought Worlds

The notion of “self” is a non-technical one, bridging the areas of psychology and ethics or social relations. Criteria for selfhood include psychological unity or cohesion, agency, responsibility, self-consciousness, reflexivity, and capacity for relationships with others. “Self” is a modern concept with no obvious lexical equivalent in Greek (or Latin); the question therefore arises of the relationship between the modern concept and ancient thinking, as embodied in Greek literature. Three approaches to this question can be identified. One focuses on the idea that there is development within Greek literature towards an understanding of the self or person as a cohesive unit and bearer of agency and responsibility. Another approach sees certain aspects of Greek literature and philosophy as prefiguring some features of the modern concept of self. A third approach underlines the difference between the Greek and modern thought worlds in the formulation of concepts in this area, while also suggesting that Greek ideas and modes of presenting people can be illuminating to moderns, in part because of the challenge posed by their difference. These approaches draw on a range of evidence, including psychological vocabulary, characterization in Greek literature, and Greek philosophical analyses of ethical psychology. There are grounds for maintaining the credibility of all three approaches, and also valid criticisms that can be made of each of them.

Developing Self-Awareness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Community Member ◽  
The Self ◽  
Coordinated Management Of Meaning ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Self As Instrument ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between the particular and the general is pivotal to understand and bring about social change. In this chapter, the authors focus on the development of self-awareness and using “self as instrument of change.” They have evidenced that as people become aware of their self-transformation, their impetus to transform their most immediate community increases. Also, when the self-transformation of a community member is evidenced by the rest, that person is conceived as possessing a moral authority that legitimizes his or her role as a leader. In fact, when working in communities transitioning out of conflict, we need to be the best version of who we are so that we can relate with authenticity to develop trusting relationships. The authors draw from the concept of mystery included in the coordinated management of meaning (CMM) theory, as well as from Carol Dweck's discussion on the difference between growth mindset and fixed mindset.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Insecurity and Risk-Taking Propensity Across Domains and Around the Globe

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491879552
Author(s):  
Jingyi Lu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jiayi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Risk Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Domain ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

During social interactions, individuals frequently experience interpersonal insecurity, including feelings of not being loved, protected, trusted, or cared for; these feelings cause numerous behavioral consequences. The present research explores the relationship between interpersonal insecurity and risk-taking propensity in multiple risk domains and around the globe based on risk-sensitivity theory and research on group identity. In Study 1, participants ( N = 209) reported their interpersonal insecurity and risk-taking propensity across seven risk domains. The results show that risk-taking propensity generally increases with interpersonal insecurity. However, this relationship was negative in the cooperation domain and null in the financial domain. In Study 2 ( N = 128,162), data from the World Values Survey from 77 countries reveal a positive correlation between risk-taking propensity and interpersonal insecurity with in-group members but a negative relationship between risk-taking propensity and interpersonal insecurity with out-group members.

scholarly journals An Investigation Into Learners’ Autonomy At An Institution In Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Thu Trang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The study employed a mixed method research design to investigate the self-perceived levels of learners’ autonomy at the institution where the researcher works. The study also explores the teachers’ support in fostering students’ autonomy. In addition, the study attempts to determine the relationship between genders, learning styles and the learners’ levels of autonomy. The main findings reveal that the level of learners’ autonomy where the study was conducted was at medium level (M = 2.66 out of 5.0 scale). In terms of the students’ perception of their teachers’ roles in fostering students’ autonomy, the finding of the current study reveals that it was quite supportive (M = 3.29 out of 5.0 scale). The finding also indicated that the difference in level of autonomy is not significant between male and female students (M = 2.667 for male compared with M = 2.668 for female students). Finally, the result showed that there a statistically significant difference in the levels of autonomy between students with different learning styles. To be specifically, the students who prefer kinesthetic learning style possess the highest level of autonomy (M = 2.75) compared with M = 2.60 and 2.59 for visual and individual learning style students. M=2.72; M=269 and M=2.62 are the level of autonomy for group, tactile and auditory students respectively.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan keterampilan komunikasi siswa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Budi Astuti ◽  
Anggi Idwar Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
School Class ◽  
Teacher Guidance ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara efikasi diri dan keterampilan komunikasi siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Populasi pada penelitian ini ialah siswa SMP Islam Al Azhar 26 Yogyakarta kelas VII A, VII B, VII C, VIID, VII E, VII F dan VII G. Penelitian ini melibatkan seluruh populasi siswa kelas VII dengan jumlah 124 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan skala efikasi diri dan skala keterampilan komunikasi yang diadaptasi. Realibilitas skala efikasi diri 0,91 dan realibillitas skala keterampilan komunikasi 0,89. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara efikasi diri dengan keterampilan komunikasi siswa. Hasil korelasi diperoleh 0.208 yang berada pada koefesien korelasi antara 0.20-0.399 termasuk memiliki tingkat hubungan rendah. Masih ada faktor-faktor lain yang memiliki hubungan dengan keterampilan komunikasi. Tingkat efikasi diri siswa termasuk dalam kategori sedang sebanyak 94 siswa (76%). Tingkat keterampilan komunikasi siswa termasuk dalam kategori sedang sebanyak 82 siswa (66%). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan implikasi terhadap guru bimbingan dan konseling untuk memberikan intervensi-intervensi yang tepat agar keterampilan komunikasi siswa dapat meningkat dengan efikasi diri yang memadai. The relationship between self-efficacy and student communication skillsThis study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and student communication skills. The research method used is a quantitative approach to the type of correlational research. The population in this study were students of Al Azhar 26 Yogyakarta Islamic Middle School class VII A, VII B, VII C, VIID, VII E, VII F and VII G. This study involved the entire population of grade VII students with a total of 124 students. Data collection techniques using self-efficacy scales and communication skills scales were adapted. The reliability of the self-efficacy scale was 0.91 and the reliability of the communication skills scale was 0.89. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and student communication skills. The correlation results obtained 0.208 which is at the correlation coefficient between 0.20-0.399 at the low level of relationship. There are still other factors that have a relationship with communication skills. The level of student self-efficacy is included in the moderate category of 94 students (76%). The level of student communication skills is included in the moderate category of 82 students (66%). The results of this study have implications for teacher guidance and counseling to provide appropriate interventions so that students' communication skills can be improved with adequate self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Test Anxiety and Its Relationship to Self-Esteem During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nawal Hamid Mohammed Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research aimed to investigate the level of test anxiety and the relationship between test anxiety and self-esteem among the students of the faculty of Science and Arts in Rafha campus, Northern Border University, KSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it intended to identify the differences in test anxiety among the students according to gender variable. The researcher applied the descriptive method, prepared a preliminary data form, and used the Westside Test Anxiety Scale by Driscoll (2007) and the Self-esteem Scale by El Sayed (2019). The data were collected online, and the sample size was (336) students. The results showed that the level of test anxiety among the students of the faculty of Science and Arts during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. The correlation coefficient between the impairment subscale and self-esteem was negative but statistically insignificant. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between both the worry subscale and the test anxiety total scores with the self-esteem resulted in a negative sign and statistically significant. There were significant differences in test anxiety among the students in the impairment subscale, the P-value was (0.005), which indicates that the difference between the two means is statistically significant, and the males’ mean is greater. While the P-value for the worry subscale was (0.226), which indicates that the difference was insignificant, the P-value of the test anxiety total scores was (0.029), which reveals that the difference between the two means is statistically significant, and the males’ mean is greater.

scholarly journals Uncertainity of risk and increasing risk of uncertainty in business decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-312
Author(s):  
Iván Bélyácz ◽  
Katalin Daubner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Our paper follows the development of theory regarding the position of risk and uncertainty in economics from the publication of works by Knight (1921) and Keynes (1921) until the recent past. The starting point is presented by the relevant remarks of the thinkers of classical economics. Next, we describe the turning point related to Knight and Keynes and reveal the theoretical roots of risk taking. In the core chapter of the paper the authors make an attempt to re-interpret “animal spirits” as the intention for risk taking. A separate chapter is devoted to the relationship of rational choice and risk, and another one about the canonisation of risk in economics. In further parts of the paper, we examine the intentions to relativize the difference between risk and uncertainty, the negligence of uncertainty in the neo-classical system, the attempts to merge risk and uncertainty and the disruption of the unity of risk taking and risk bearing. Finally, the authors come to the conclusion that Knight’s and Keynes’ doctrines of risk and uncertainty have stood the test of time.

scholarly journals Person centered psychotherapy: an encounter with oneself or a confrontation with the other?

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Meireles Vieira ◽  
Francisco Pablo Huascar Aragão Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
The Relationship

The paper discusses the possibilities of host of alterity in the therapeutic process of the Person Centered Approach. The debate is based on the ethics of Emmanuel Levinas, for whom subjectivity would be formed from the relationship with the absolute other. The therapeutic change process that aims to further integrate the experience by the self is questioned. On the other hand, from a reading of a Rogerian clinical case, it is pointed out the externality of experience as an estrangement that allows one to recreate themselves. This research shows the interiority eroded by the organism that arises as other-of-self, sieve for the experience. It is conclude that the person-centered psychotherapy, beyond an encounter with oneself, seems to point as one of its purposes the clash with the radically different. Such discussion alludes to a political repositioning of the Person Centered Approach in its ways to deal with the difference.

scholarly journals Is Imagination Fundamental? on the Issue of the Genesis of Subjectivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5081-5085
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the issue of the genesis of subjectivity, the authors of the article turn to the Hegelian model, which captures the two-sided and fundamentally changeable nature of the relationship between subject and object. The article substantiates the idea that imagination, being considered outside of the context of psychologization or reduction of it only to the reproductive aspect, is a source of binary differences fundamental to philosophical thought. Following Hegel’s dialectical method, the authors note that the presence of the image already indicates the difference between the two dimensions of consciousness and knowledge. The image expresses the primary truth of substance and, at the same time, the way it is subjectively given. There is a differentiation of the subjective moment of Being with the realization of fantasy. All formations of Spirit are interpretations of the figurative series, primal scenes, the analog of which was studied by classical psychoanalysis. From this perspective, the genesis of such subjective modes as consciousness, self-consciousness and mind inevitably includes symbolization, interpretation of the "Self" images, cognizing, willing and acting in various situations and contexts. The study of the concepts developed by Hegel, Kennouche, Verene and Merleau-Ponty allows concluding about two arguments in favor of the fundamentality of imagination. This refers, on the one hand, to subjective imagination that generates meanings and the need for their interpretation and, on the other hand, to the initial form of synthesis, on the basis of which, the subject and object of cognition, formations of consciousness and types of knowledge characteristic of them are further distinguished. The image, being the first meeting of the concrete and universal, is capable of setting the plot of one or another form of subjectivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document