Navigating on the Information Highway

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold M. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Design Issues ◽  
Information Highway ◽  
Human Interface ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Design Guidance

The “information highway” is being created now, and the design task is monumental. Some of the most critical problems in designing a navigation environment have never been addressed before, and developers are demanding that either we (as human interface designers) supply answers now or they will make up their own answers. There is too little time and there are too few resources to fully explore interesting theoretical issues, and yet the results of such exploration (if on the right topics) could be critically important. This paper will review some of the practical design issues that Ameritech has identified as being important in defining a navigation environment, and approaches we have taken to those design issues. These approaches have been shaped by a lack of design guidance in some areas, and a finite set of resources (especially time). The paper will also identify directions where research would be useful, and time frames during which the results will still be valuable.

Anaesthetic considerations for emergency laparotomy

Nowa Medycyna ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Wadełek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Reduced Time

The majority of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy have potentially life?threatening conditions that require prompt intervention. The reduced time?frames available due to surgical urgency necessitate prompt and senior decision?making to minimise delays. The time taken to correct any anomalies needs to be balanced against the need for prompt surgery, particularly in time?sensitive situations involving sepsis or hypovolaemia. Therefore, corrective measures may be performed in parallel with surgery. Patients undergoing emergency laparotomy are at a high risk of adverse outcomes. Key elements of care for these patients include repeated risk assessment, early antibiotic therapy, as well as fluid resuscitation and appropriate timely interventions provided by clinicians with the right level of experience.

The Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 738 ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
Petr Štěpánek ◽  
Ivana Laníková ◽  
Petr Simunek ◽  
Pavel Sulak
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Strengthening Method

The contribution deals with a method of strengthening reinforced concrete structures. It focuses on the use of non-bonded steel tendons for beams and plates. The strengthening of columns with the help of steel bandages is discussed too. The behaviour of the strengthened items is described, as well as the practical design issues involved. The article also provides information on practical experience gained during the application of the strengthening method.Other possible applications for the strengthening method are discussed, such as the use of materials based on FRP (fibre reinforced polymer), and especially those based on glass.

Deixis and Pragmatics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Hanks
Keyword(s):  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Frames

Deictic expressions, like English ‘this, that, here, and there’ occur in all known human languages. They are typically used to individuate objects in the immediate context in which they are uttered, by pointing at them so as to direct attention to them. The object, or demonstratum is singled out as a focus, and a successful act of deictic reference is one that results in the Speaker (Spr) and Addressee (Adr) attending to the same referential object. Thus, (1) A:Oh, there’sthat guy again (pointing)B:Oh yeah, now I see him (fixing gaze on the guy) (2) A:I’ll have that one over there (pointing to a dessert on a tray)B:This? (touching pastry with tongs)A:yeah, that looks greatB:Here ya’ go (handing pastry to customer) In an exchange like (1), A’s utterance spotlights the individual guy, directing B’s attention to him, and B’s response (both verbal and ocular) displays that he has recognized him. In (2) A’s utterance individuates one pastry among several, B’s response makes sure he’s attending to the right one, A reconfirms and B completes by presenting the pastry to him. If we compare the two examples, it is clear that the underscored deictics can pick out or present individuals without describing them. In a similar way, “I, you, he/she, we, now, (back) then,” and their analogues are all used to pick out individuals (persons, objects, or time frames), apparently without describing them. As a corollary of this semantic paucity, individual deictics vary extremely widely in the kinds of object they may properly denote: ‘here’ can denote anything from the tip of your nose to planet Earth, and ‘this’ can denote anything from a pastry to an upcoming day (this Tuesday). Under the same circumstance, ‘this’ and ‘that’ can refer appropriately to the same object, depending upon who is speaking, as in (2). How can forms that are so abstract and variable over contexts be so specific and rigid in a given context? On what parameters do deictics and deictic systems in human languages vary, and how do they relate to grammar and semantics more generally?

scholarly journals Architecture-Design Problems And Improvement Of Gardens/Parks In Armenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Martin Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Architecture Design ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compositional Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
The City

In Yerevan, as well as in a number of other Armenian cities, gardens were designed and constructed mainly during the Soviet era, and most of them were transformed, distorted and devastated in the first decade of the period of independence. In the last decade, a unique number of gardens/parks have been built or reconstructed in Yerevan. The city of Yerevan needs this kind of investigation. To observe and analyse the current state of gardens and parks, architectural and design structures as well as compositional design issues and problems concerning Yerevan’s gardens and parks can be the first study in the Armenian history of design and architecture We still do not have any information about similar research efforts in the given sphere carried out in the countries neighbouring Armenia and other foreign countries. This article presents the right process of modernization and/or construction of gardens/parks based on the study of the best models envisions and requires application and implementation of different tools of compositional design and modification not only in the design proper of gardens/parks, but also in the external design and aesthetic nuances of the adjacent surrounding, leaving any compositional design setup unchanged.

scholarly journals Las espaldas de los médicos son anchas, ma non troppo

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Villanueva Cañadas
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
Life Threat ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Spanish Health ◽  
The Relationship

L’articolo prende in considerazione gli aspetti controversi della nuova legge sull’aborto in Spagna (attuata il 05.07.2010) con le dichiarazioni del ministro spagnolo della Sanità a proposito di come sarà la nuova legge per quel che concerne la questione del consenso di donne minori, di età compresa tra 16 e 17 anni che scelgono di non informare i propri genitori della loro decisione di avere un aborto. La nuova Legge prevede una modifica totale dalla precedente, dal momento che definisce l’aborto come un diritto per le donne. La nuova legge sull’aborto afferma che le donne hanno il diritto di avere un aborto in un ospedale pubblico, prima della quattordicesima settimana. La precedente legge sin dal 1985 aveva depenalizzato l’aborto in tre casi: aborto etico, quando la gravidanza era il risultato di stupro; eugenetico, quando c’era l’ipotesi di gravi malformazioni e problemi congeniti del feto, e terapeutico, quando c’era un pericolo di vita o un pericolo per la salute fisica o psichica della madre. In aggiunta a questi l’interruzione volontaria di gravidanza era regolata dalla tempistica: 12 e 22 settimane per quello etico ed eugenetico, rispettivamente, e senza limiti per quello terapeutico. L’autore dell’articolo critica il ragionamento del governo, al fine di cambiare la legge esistente, nonché la normativa del diritto all’obiezione di coscienza per l’esecuzione dell’aborto da parte dei medici. L’articolo richiama l’attenzione anche su uno degli aspetti più controversi di questa nuova legge, approvata senza il consenso sociale e politico: il diritto delle minorenni di abortire senza l’informazione e il consenso dei genitori o dei tutori legali, se queste giovani donne dichiarano che ottenere il permesso potrebbe rappresentare un problema nella relazione all’interno della famiglia. La nuova legge rende i medici responsabili di indagare la verità dietro il presunto conflitto familiare, quando vengono contattati per un caso senza il consenso paterno. L’autore dell’articolo mette in evidenza criticamente il ruolo di “poliziotti” dato ai medici costretti a indagare le circostanze personali del tutto sconosciuta alle adolescenti che si rivolgono a loro con l’intenzione di avere un aborto. Questo non è un atto medico e i medici non possono essere gravati da questo tipo di responsabilità. ---------- The article takes into consideration the controversial aspects of the new Abortion Law in Spain (to be implemented 05.07.10) using the Declarations of the Spanish Health Minister about how will the new Law resolve the matter of consent in under-age women, aged 16 and 17 years old if they choose not to inform their parents of their decision of having an abortion. The New Law means a total change from the previous one as it defines the abortion as a Right for women. The New Abortion Law states that women have the right to have an abortion in a public hospital before the 14th week. The former Law from 1985 decriminalized abortion in three cases: ethical abortion, when the pregnancy was the result of rape; eugenic, when there was the assumption of serious malformations and congenital problems in the foetus; and therapeutical, when there was a life threat or any danger to the physical or psychical health of the mother. In addition to these the voluntary interruption of a pregnancy was subjected to time frames: 12 and 22 weeks for ethical and eugenic respectively and unlimited to therapeutical. The author of the article criticises the government’s reasoning in order to change the existing law as well as the regulations of the Right of Conscientious Objection to the performance of an abortion by doctors. The article draws attention also to one of the most controversial aspects of this new law, passed without social or political consensus: the right of under- age women to have an abortion without informing and getting the consent of their parents or legal tutors, if these young women declare that getting permission could represent a problem in the relationship within the family. The new law makes doctors responsible of investigating the truth behind the alleged family conflict when they are approached by a case without paternal consent. The author of the article critically points out the role of “policemen” given to doctors forced to investigate personal circumstances of completely unknown adolescents that come to them with the intention of having an abortion. This is not a medical act and doctors can not be burdened by this kind of responsibility.

scholarly journals Waiver of the Right (Loss of the Right) to a Confrontation by Committing an Unlawful Act (Forfeiture by Wrongdoing)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-331
Author(s):  
Artur Ghambaryan
Keyword(s):  
The Right ◽  
Unlawful Conduct ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Court Hearing

The article deals with a number of theoretical issues of the waiver, in particular, the concept and types of waiver of the right to a confrontation. The author shows the correlation between the concepts «waiver of the right» and «loss of the right» and points out that when a person commits an unlawful act, he waives the right to a confrontation and hinders the normal course of court hearings through the unlawful influence on trial participants, evasion from proceedings or unauthorized leaving of a courtroom. If the defendant impedes the natural progress of court hearings, he is warned about the possibility of being removed from the courtroom if the unlawful conduct does not stop. If he continues to commit unlawful acts during the court session, then he in fact waives his right to participate in the court hearing and the right to a confrontation (loses these rights). The author points out that in practice there are cases when the accused person evades the investigation and stays on the wanted list for years or when a person leaves for another country to evade the investigation and, as a result, is deprived of an opportunity to interrogate the witnesses who testified against him because these witnesses are no longer available, for example, they have died, or are in the country where the crime was committed. The author also considers the situations when the accused leaves the court hearing without authorization as a waiver of the right to confrontation. In this case the accused does not insist on his right and waives these constitutional privileges because he was given a right to confrontation but chose not to use it and not to meet the witnesses who have testified against him.

Issues in Web-Based Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-255
Author(s):  
Hesham Alomyan
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Learner Control ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Based Learning ◽  
Conclusion Section ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
The Web

The purpose of this chapter is to review and critically evaluate some issues related to Web-based learning. The chapter begins with an introduction to the importance of using the Web in education; then it examines and evaluates such issues. Suggestions and solutions to these issues are offered. These issues are classified into theoretical and design issues. The theoretical issues include: (1) online interaction, (2) learner control, (3) disorientation and cognitive overload. The design issues include: (1) interface design and (2) content structure. The conclusion section summarizes the chapter and points out the importance of considering individual differences in Web-based learning systems design.

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