scholarly journals Evaluation of a Manual Wheelchair Interface to Computer Games

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. O'Connor ◽  
Rory A. Cooper ◽  
Shirley G. Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael J. Dvorznak ◽  
Michael L. Boninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Cord Injury

The sedentary lifestyle of many people with spinal cord injury (SCI) has lead to cardiovascular diseases being a major health concern. A suitable exercise program may help improve the SCI individual's cardiovascular fitness level. GAMEWheels is an in terface between a custom wheelchair roller system and a computer that enables an individual to control computer video games by driving his or her wheelchair. The purpose of Phase 1 was to evaluate the design of the GAMEwhccls system and to determine the type of computer video game that is likely to motivate wheelchair users to exercise. Phase 2 included physiologic testing of wheelchair users and the GAMEWheels system to investigate whether the system elicits an exercise training re sponse. Thirty-five subjects were recruited to evaluate the GAME Wheels by playing three commercial computer games (Phase 1) and to identify the computer game that they would prefer to use when exercising. The feedback from Phase 1 was used with test subjects to verify that the GAMEWheels system elicits an exercise training effect (Phase 2). Phase 2 included 10 subjects using the GAMEWheels system to play Need for Speed II. During game play, physiologic data were collected and the subjects' oxy gen consumption and heart rate were analyzed. Analysis showed that the GAMEWheels system induced nine subjects to reach their training zone, defined as 50% and 60% of their maximum oxygen consumption and heart rate, respectively. This study demon strates that the GAMEWheels system elicits an exercise training response. Keywords: Wheelchair—Exercise—Computer games—Fitness—Design.

scholarly journals Pain and its impact on functioning and disability in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury: a protocol for a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044152
Author(s):  
Mokgadi Kholofelo Mashola ◽  
Elzette Korkie ◽  
Diphale Joyce Mothabeng
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
South African ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Medication Misuse ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Manual Wheelchair ◽  
Cord Injury

IntroductionApproximately 80% of people with spinal cord injury experience clinically significant chronic pain. Pain (whether musculoskeletal or neuropathic) is consistently rated as one of the most difficult problems to manage and negatively affects the individual’s physical, psychological and social functioning and increases the risk of pain medication misuse and poor mental health. The aim of this study is to therefore determine the presence of pain and its impact on functioning and disability as well as to develop a framework for self-management of pain for South African manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury.Methods and analysisCommunity-dwelling participants with spinal cord injury will be invited to participate in this three-phase study. Phase 1 will use a quantitative, correlational design to determine factors related to pain such as pectoralis minor length, scapular dyskinesis, wheelchair functioning, physical quality of life, community reintegration and pain medication misuse. Demographic determinants of pain such as age, gender, type of occupation, completeness of injury and neurological level of injury will also be investigated. Participants with pain identified in phase 1 will be invited to partake in a qualitative descriptive and contextually designed phase 2 to explore their lived experience of pain through in-depth interviews. The results of phases 1 and 2 will then be used with the assistance from experts to develop a framework for self-management of pain using a modified Delphi study. Data analysis will include descriptive and inferential statistics (quantitative data) and thematic content analysis (qualitative data).Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study is granted by the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Pretoria (approval number 125/2018). This study is registered with the South African National Health Research Database (reference GP201806005). This study’s findings will be shared in academic conferences and published in scientific peer-reviewed journals.

scholarly journals Exploring the causes and impacts of falls among ambulators with spinal cord injury using photovoice: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e039763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Arielle Shibi Rosen ◽  
Geoff Bostick ◽  
Anita Kaiser ◽  
Kristin E Musselman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Cord Injury

ObjectivesThis study explored: (1) fall circumstances experienced by ambulators with spinal cord injury (SCI) over a 6-month period, (2) the impacts of falls-related injuries and fall risk and (3) their preferences/recommendations for fall prevention.DesignA sequential explanatory mixed-methods design with two phases.SettingA Canadian SCI rehabilitation hospital and community setting.ParticipantsThirty-three ambulators with SCI participated in phase 1 and eight participants that fell in phase 1 participated in phase 2.MethodsIn phase 1, fall circumstances were tracked using a survey that was completed each time a participant fell during the 6-month tracking period. Phase 2 involved photovoice; participants took photographs of factors that influenced their fall risk and how their fall risk impacted their work/recreational activities. Participants discussed the photographs and topics related to fall prevention in an individual interview and a focus group.ResultsOf the 33 participants, 21 fell in 6 months. Falls commonly occurred in the home while participants were changing positions or walking. Most falls occurred in the morning or afternoon. In phase 2, interviews and focus group discussion revealed three themes: (1) falls are caused by bodily impairments (eg, impaired reactive response during slips and trips and weakness and altered sensation in legs/feet), (2) impacts of fall-related injuries and fall risk (eg, psychosocial effects of fall-related injuries, limiting community participation due to the risk of falling and activity-dependent concern of falling) and (3) approaches to fall prevention (eg, fall prevention strategies used, components of fall prevention and utility of professional fall prevention strategies/interventions).ConclusionsFall prevention interventions/strategies should focus on minimising a person’s fall risk within their home as most falls occurred in the home environment. Ambulators with SCI would benefit from education and awareness about common fall circumstances that they may encounter in their daily lives.

Acceptability and effects of a seated active workstation during sedentary work

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Carr ◽  
Hotaka Maeda ◽  
Brandon Luther ◽  
Patrick Rider ◽  
Sharon J. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Tasks

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the user acceptability (Phase 1) and effects (Phase 2) of completing sedentary work while using a seated active workstation. Design/methodology/approach – In Phase 1, 45 sedentary employees completed an acceptability questionnaire immediately after performing sedentary work tasks (typing, mousing) while using the seated active workstation for 30 minutes. In Phase 2, the paper tested the differential effects of completing sedentary work tasks at two different workstations (sedentary workstation vs seated active workstation) on physiological (energy expenditure, muscle activity, heart rate, blood pressure), cognitive (learning, memory, attention) and work performance (typing and mousing ability) outcomes among 18 sedentary employees. Findings – In Phase 1, 96 percent of participants reported they would use the seated active workstation “daily” if provided access in their office. In Phase 2, working while using the seated active workstation increased energy expenditure (p<0.001; d=3.49), heart rate (p<0.001; d=1.26), systolic blood pressure (p=0.02; d=0.79), and muscle activation of the biceps femoris (p<0.001; d=1.36) and vastus lateralis (p<0.001; d=1.88) over the sedentary workstation. No between-group differences were observed for any measures of cognitive function. Mouse point and click time was slower while using the seated active workstation (p=0.02). Research limitations/implications – These findings suggest this seated active workstation to be acceptable by users and effective for offsetting occupational sedentary time without compromising cognitive function and/or work performance. Originality/value – The present study is the first to test the potential of this seated active workstation in any capacity.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Heart Rate Monitoring Algorithm for Wearable Healthcare Devices

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Tz-Hau Kuo ◽  
Chi-Min Teng ◽  
Ming-Feng Wu ◽  
Chih-Yu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Monitoring Algorithm

This paper focuses on developing an adaptive heart rate monitoring algorithm for wrist-based rehabilitation systems. Due to the characteristics of the wrist, the heartbeat measurements are unstable. To improve the preprocessing efficiency and perform measurement calibration, a novel joint algorithm incorporating automatic multiscale-based peak detection and fuzzy logic control (AMPD-Fuzzy) is proposed. The monitoring approach consists of two phases: (1) Preprocessing and (2) Detection and Calibration. Phase 1 explores the parameter settings, threshold, and decision rules. Phase 2 applies fuzzy logic control and the Laplacian model to provide signal reshaping. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively achieve heart rate monitoring for wearable healthcare devices.

Heart rate control in awake dog after selective SA-nodal parasympathectomy

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. H1128-H1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Randall ◽  
W. C. Randall ◽  
D. R. Brown ◽  
J. D. Yingling ◽  
R. M. Raisch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Behavioral Arousal ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Interactions

Selective surgical sinoatrial (SA)-nodal parasympathectomy (PSX) was used to distinguish the role of the cardiac autonomic nerves in heart rate (HR) control in awake dogs (n = 8) during rest and behavioral arousal. Resting HR increased from 85 +/- 9 beats (mean +/- SE) before surgery to 114 +/- 6 beats after denervation (P less than 0.05). Atrioventricular (AV)-nodal block occurred during the first 1-3 wk post-PSX, but subsequently resolved. Dogs were behaviorally conditioned by following a 30-s tone (CS+) by a 0.5-s shock. Before denervation the CS+ evoked an initial, rapidly developing tachycardia (phase 1), which was followed by a more slowly developing, but larger, phase 2 tachycardia. The selective SA-nodal parasympathectomy essentially abolished the phase 1 conditional HR response (magnitude: 23 +/- 5 vs. 5 +/- 2 beats, pre- vs. postdenervation, respectively). The phase 2 HR increase was similar before and after the denervation (magnitude: 44 +/- 6 vs. 33 +/- 6 beats; rate of increase: 5 +/- 1 vs. 6 +/- 1 beats/s, pre- vs. post-PSX). Beta-Blockade (propranolol, 1 mg/kg) after PSX decreased phase 2 (magnitude: 7 +/- 3 beats; rate of increase: 1 +/- 0.3 beats/s). These data reveal a sterotypic pattern of change in cardiac autonomic nervous drive during a sudden arousal from rest. Phases 1 and 2 appear to be selective and specific indexes of changes in SA-nodal parasympathetic and sympathetic tone, respectively. The selective denervation unmasks during stress a component of HR control that occurs in the absence of adrenergic or cholinergic mechanisms. These data suggest that multiple interactions occur within the intrinsic ganglion plexuses of the heart with respect to HR control.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Recovery in Decision Support for High Performance Athlete Training Schedules

10.28945/2085 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
David J. Cornforth ◽  
Dean Robinson ◽  
Ian Spence ◽  
Herbert Jelinek
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Recovery Percentage

This work investigated the suitability of a new tool for decision support in training programs of high performance athletes. The aim of this study was to find a reliable and robust measure of the fitness of an athlete for use as a tool for adjusting training schedules. We examined the use of heart rate recovery percentage (HRr%) for this purpose, using a two-phased approach. Phase 1 consisted of testing the suitability of HRr% as a measure of aerobic fitness, using a modified running test specifically designed for high-performance team running sports such as football. Phase 2 was conducted over a 12-week training program with two different training loads. HRr% measured aerobic fitness and a running time-trial measured performance. Consecutive measures of HRr% during phase 1 indicated a Pearson’s r of 0.92, suggesting a robust measure of aerobic fitness. During phase 2, HRr% reflected the training load and significantly increased when the training load was reduced between weeks 4 to 5. This work shows that HRr% is a robust indicator of aerobic fitness and provides an on-the-spot index that is useful for training load adjustment of elite-performance athletes.

scholarly journals Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L Struik ◽  
Sarah Dow-Fleisner ◽  
Michelle Belliveau ◽  
Desiree Thompson ◽  
Robert Janke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Popular Television ◽  
Critical Public Health

BACKGROUND The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also known as vaping, has risen exponentially among North American youth in recent years and has become a critical public health concern. The marketing strategies used by e-cigarette companies have been associated with the uptick in use among youth, with video advertisements on television and other electronic platforms being the most pervasive strategy. It is unknown how these advertisements may be tapping into youth needs and preferences. OBJECTIVE The aim of this 2-phase study was to examine the marketing strategies that underpin e-cigarette advertisements, specifically in the context of television. METHODS In phase 1, a scoping review was conducted to identify various influences on e-cigarette uptake among youth. Results of this scoping review informed the development of a coding framework. In phase 2, this framework was used to analyze the content of e-cigarette advertisements as seen on 2 popular television channels (Discovery and AMC). RESULTS In phase 1, a total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. The resultant framework consisted of 16 key influences on e-cigarette uptake among youth, which were categorized under 4 headings: personal, relational, environmental, and product-related. In phase 2, 38 e-cigarette advertisements were collected from iSpot.tv and represented 11 popular e-cigarette brands. All of the advertisements tapped into the cited influences of youth e-cigarette uptake, with the most commonly cited influences (product and relational) tapping into the most, at 97% (37/38) and 53% (20/38), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the multidimensional influences on youth uptake of e-cigarettes, which has important implications for developing effective antivaping messages, and assist public health professionals in providing more comprehensive prevention and cessation support as it relates to e-cigarette use. The findings also bring forward tangible strategies employed by e-cigarette companies to recruit youth into vaping. Understanding this is vital to the development of cohesive strategies that combat these provaping messages.

scholarly journals The effect of tongue-tie application on stress responses in resting horses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marsh ◽  
Paul McGreevy ◽  
Susan Hazel ◽  
Luiz Santos ◽  
Michelle Hebart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses

AbstractTongue-ties (TT) are commonly applied to both Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorses to increase control, by preventing them from getting their tongue over the bit, and as a conservative treatment for equine respiratory conditions, principally dorsal displacement of the soft palate. This study investigated responses to TT application in horses, at rest, using both behavioural (head-tossing, ear position, gaping and lip licking) and physiological (salivary cortisol concentrations, eye surface temperature and heart rate) indices. Twelve Standardbred horses (six of which were naïve to TT) were used in a randomised crossover design. The study comprised 3 phases; Phase 1 (Baseline), Phase 2 (Treatment), and Phase 3 (Recovery). At phase 2, tongue tie application (TTA) was performed using a rubber band that was looped around the tongue and secured to the mandible for 20 minutes. The control treatment (C) incorporated 30 secs of tongue manipulation, at the start of the 20 min, however no TT was applied. Behaviours (head-tossing, ear position, mouth gaping and lip-licking) and heart rate (HR) were recorded for the duration of the study and analysed in ten minute intervals. Salivary samples were taken at the end of each phase for subsequent cortisol assays and infrared thermography images were taken of each eye at 5-minute intervals. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS using linear mixed effects models and repeated measures general linear models, to determine differences between treatments and within treatments, over time. Compared to control, there was more head-tossing/shaking (p<0.001), gaping (p<0.001) and backwards ear position (p<0.001) and less forward ear position (p<0.001) during TTA, in Phase 2. Horses with previous experience of TT showed more head-tossing (p=0.040) and gaping (p=0.030) than naïve horses. Lip-licking was more frequent after TTA treatment than control, during Phase 3 (p<0.001). Salivary cortisol concentrations increased after TTA (1846.1pg/mL ± 478.3pg/mL vs 1253.6pg/mL ± 491.6pg/mL, p=0.047). Mean HR, and mean right and left eye temperature did not differ significantly between treatments in any phase (all p> 0.05). The findings of this study suggest the application of a tongue-tie causes changes to both behavioural and physiological parameters suggestive of a stress-related response. Further research is needed that will enable racing and sport horse regulatory bodies to make informed decisions about the appropriate use of tongue-ties in horses.

Body temperature related factors diminishing the drive to exercise

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Brück ◽  
H. Olschewski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
In Series

The effects of slightly below-normal body temperatures (ΔTcore –0.5 to 1 °C) on exercise performance were examined in four series of studies employing a standardized precooling maneuver. In both the precooling tests and the control tests the subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer at an ambient temperature of 18 °C with the following results. In series 1, the subjects were exercising at a heart rate of 120 beats∙min−1. Work rate and oxygen pulse were significantly increased, and sweat rate was less elevated in precooling tests than in controls. In series 2, in 12 well-trained rowers subjected to an incremental performance test, maximum work rate, peak [Formula: see text], time to exhaustion, and total work were not reduced in precooling tests. Eight well-trained rowers in series 3 were requested to work as hard as possible for 1 h. The mean work rate, [Formula: see text], and oxygen pulse were increased in the precooling tests by 6.8, 9.6, and 5.6%, respectively, whereas the sweat rate was 20% lower. In series 4 after a 16-min period of easy exercise (phase 1) the subjects exercised at a work rate corresponding to 80% [Formula: see text] up to exhaustion. Endurance time at this work rate was increased in precooling tests by 12% (18.5 vs. 20.8 min, p = 0.035). Heart rate was lower throughout the exercise period in precooling tests. Oxygen pulse, as well as stroke volume and arteriovenous oxygen difference (AVDo2), measured by impedance cardiography were increased in phase 1; during min 16–28 (phase 2) precooled–control differences in stroke volume and AVDo2 disappeared, but pedal rate (which is related to muscle force, muscle metabolism efficiency, and fatigue) was significantly reduced in precooling tests. Sweat rate and skin blood flow increased less in phase 2 of the precooling test. In conclusion, changes in circulatory, thermoregulatory, and muscular factors have been demonstrated after precooling. These may account for a smaller increase in exercise discomfort counteracting the drive to exercise.

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