scholarly journals Impaired Callosal Motor Fiber Integrity and Upper Extremity Motor Impairment Are Associated With Stroke Lesion Location

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 602-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Lin Koh ◽  
Pei-Fang Tang ◽  
Hsiu-I Chen ◽  
Yung-Chin Hsu ◽  
Ching-Lin Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diffusion Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Upper Extremity Motor Impairment ◽  
And Control

Background. Damage to the callosal motor fibers (CMFs) may affect motor recovery in patients with stroke. However, whether the severity of CMF impairment varies with lesion locations remains unclear. Objective. To investigate (1) whether CMF impairment occurs after stroke and whether the impairment varies with lesion locations and (2) the associations of CMF impairment and upper extremity (UE) motor impairment. Methods. Twenty-nine patients with lesions involving the corticospinal tract (CST) were categorized into 2 groups: lesions involving the CMFs (CMF group, n = 15), and lesions not involving the CMFs (non-CMF group, n = 14). Thirteen healthy adults served as the control group. Tract integrity, assessed by the mean generalized fractional anisotropy (mGFA) using diffusion spectrum imaging, of the CMFs and the CST above the internal capsule (CSTABOVE) of the ipsilesional hemisphere were compared. Results. After accounting for the effect of lesion load on the CST, the CMF group exhibited a significantly lower mGFA of the CMFs than did the control and non-CMF groups (post hoc P = .005 and .001, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the non-CMF and control groups (post hoc P = .999). The CST and CMF impairment accounted for 56% of the variance of UE motor impairment in the CMF group ( P = .007), whereas no significant association was observed in the non-CMF group ( P = .570). Conclusions. CMF impairment after stroke depends on lesion locations and CMF integrity has an incremental contribution to the severity of UE motor impairment in the CMF group.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Neurofeedback: Reducing Insomnia Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooshin Basiri ◽  
Zahra Khayyer ◽  
Habib Hadianfard ◽  
Amirhossein Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Selection Of

INTRODUCTION: The term sleep disorder refers to difficulty in initiating sleep, maintaining it or a relaxing sleep despite having enough time to sleep. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a non-drug multi-dimensional treatment that targets behavioral and cognitive factors of this disorder. Some pieces of research have shown that psychiatric and neurological disorders can be distinguished from distinct EEG patterns and neuro-feedback can be used to make a change in these patterns. This study aimed to compare the cognitive behavioral therapy and neuro-feedback in the treatment of insomnia.METHODS: The sample included people, who had already been diagnosed insomnia by a psychiatrist in Isfahan, Iran. Random sampling was employed to choose the participants. Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) was used for the selection of the participants, too. The sample included 40 patients who were randomly selected and interviewed and then diagnostic tests performed on the PSQI, and then they were divided into 3 groups. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Following the implementation of the independent effect of the treatment was significant and one-way ANOVA with post hoc test L.S.D were carried out on CBT and controls (p = 0.001), CBT, neuro-feedback therapy (p = 0.003), neuro-feedback treatment and control (p = 0.001).RESULTS: It was shown that there was a significant difference between the groups. Based on the descriptive statistics of the 2 abovementioned treatments, neuro-feedback therapy in first position and cognitive-behavioral therapy were most effective in the second position, and the control group showed the lowest efficiency.CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments were significantly effective, and so we can use both neuro-feedback and CBT for the treatment of insomnia.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ANALOGY INSTRUCTIONS ON SPRINT PERFORMANCE AND KINEMATICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hanisah Abdullah ◽  
Jeffrey Low Fook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Timing Gate ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control ◽  
Running Mechanics

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of analogy and explicit instructions on 50-m sprint performance and their running kinematics. Forty-five male Physical Education undergraduates participated in this study and were randomly divided into three groups, (i.e. analogy, explicit and control). Their sprint performances were assessed using wireless timing gate while the kinematic data was assessed by Kinovea software. The analogy group received three analogies which were “run tall”, “chin to pocket” and “claw the track” throughout the intervention sessions whereas the explicit group received “keep the body posture in an upright position and aligned, head and butt not tilting outward”, “arms should maintain a 90-degree angle at the elbow throughout the upswing as well as backswing” and “the foot landing should always be on the balls of the feet”. The control group did not receive any instruction throughout the intervention period. All participants were tested again after three weeks for the post test and retention test a week after. A 3 group x 3 tests mixed design ANOVA was used to analyze the sprinting performance whereas the kinematic data was analyzed by using one way MANOVA test. Results displayed that there was no significant difference in sprint performance among the groups. However, the post hoc test showed that the analogy group improved significantly in the post test. The kinematic data showed that both intervention groups were significantly better than the control group. This study concluded that both analogy and explicit instructions resulted in better running mechanics but only the analogy group elicited better in performance. Thus, analogy instructions are suggested to be an effective method to coach sprinters.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF HYPNOSIS THERAPY AND RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE ON UPPER-EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRAGHIC STROKE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Chandra Irawan ◽  
Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽  
Suharto Suharto ◽  
Aris Santjaka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: Range of Motion (ROM) exercise has been identified in the literature that it has an effect in improving muscle strength, especially in patients with stroke. However, little is known about the effect of ROM exercise combined with hypnosis therapy.Objective: To determine the effect of combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise on upper extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic.Methods: This study employed a quasy experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty-two samples were selected using simple random sampling, which 16 randomly assigned in the experiment and control group. Muscle strength was measured using Muscle Strength Scale. Hypnosis Deepening test was used to measure the level of hypnosis depth. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results: The mean value of muscle strength in the experiment group was 3.50 and  the mean value in the control group  was 2.62. Independent sample t-test obtained p-value = 0.012, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of muscle strength of upper extremity in the experiment and control group. Paired t-test obtained p-value = 0.000, which indicated that there was significant difference between the average of muscle strength value before and after treatmentConclusion: The combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise has a significant effect in increasing muscle strength of upper extremity in patients with stroke non-haemorrhagic.

scholarly journals Effect of Scapular Kinesiotaping as an Adjunct to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on Upper Extremity Functions in Stroke Patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Rutuja Jadhav ◽  
Shamla Pazare
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Extremity Function ◽  
Function Index ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Upper Extremity Function ◽  
And Control

Background and Purpose: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. Upper extremities get more affected in Middle cerebral artery syndrome. Stroke patients have lack of functional ability of upper extremity due to scapular malalignment resulting from paralysis of the scapular muscles. Kinesiotape helps to realign the muscles and thus it becomes easy to activate or inhibit them. We hypothesised that Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilisation exercises along with kinesiotape could improve upper extremity function. Methodology: Ethical clearance was obtained. Informed consent was taken. 30 patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 15 subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control group. Subjects were given Dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation exercises for scapular strengthening. The experimental group was given Kinesiotaping to the scapula using muscle technique. Pre and post treatment assessment was done using Upper Extremity Function Index, grip strength and scapular abduction position with MB ruler. Result: The intergroup comparison revealed a highly significant difference for upper extremity function index and grip strength whereas scapular abduction was not significant. Conclusion: The Scapular Kinesiotaping as an adjunct to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises is significantly effective to improve upper extremity functions and grip strength in post stroke patients. Key words: Stroke, Upper Extremity Functions, Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises, Scapular Kinesiotaping.

scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted imaging of normal appearing corticospinal tracts in patients with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kadihan Yalçın-Şafak ◽  
Ahmet Akça ◽  
Özlem Elibol ◽  
İrem Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corticospinal Tracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Aim To determine if there are differences in ADC values between normal appearing corticospinal tracks in patients with MS compared to ADC values in controls. Material and methods The study population comprised 62 consecutive MS patients (36 women and 26 men; mean age 36.45±8.63 years). 50 control subjects with no neurological disabilities or intracranial were included the study (32 women and 18 men; mean age 40.18±12.25 years). All ADC maps were independently evaluated by two experienced radiologists. ROI of approximately 15–18 mm2 in capsula interna and 10–12 mm2 in mesencephalon were placed bilaterally for measurement of ADC values. Three circular ROIs were placed-one each side for internal capsule-and 6 total ROIs from right and left internal capsule were averaged for each patient. Mesencephelon ADC measurements were performed similarly. Result The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (p:0.002). No statistically significant difference was found between the MS patients and control group mean ADC values of the right internal capsule (p>0.05). The mean ADC values of the right and left mesencephalon in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (respectively; p:0.031, p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule were significiantly lower than the right internal capsule in MS patients (p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left mesencephalon were significiantly lower than the right mesencephalon in MS patients (p<0.001). Conclusion The mean ADC values of the normal-appearing corticospinal tract in MS patients were significantly lower than the control group except for the right internal capsule.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS LAYANAN INFORMASI KARIER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK LIVE MODELING DAN SYMBOLIC MODELING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KARIER SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Teuku Fadhli
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Symbolic Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Career Information ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Rendahnya tingkat pemahaman karier siswa dipengaruhi oleh minimnya informasi karier mengenai pekerjaan dan pendidikan untuk mendukung sebuah pekerjaan dimasa akan datang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji keefektifan layanan informasi karier dengan teknik live modeling dan symbolic modeling untuk meningkatkan pemahaman karier siwa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen, dengan desain Non Equivalent Group Pretest-Postest Control Group, subyek penelitian sebanyak 96 orang siswa kelas IX SMP Teuku Umar yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yakni kelompok A, B dan Kontrol. Hasil analisis data One way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa teknik live modeling dan symbolic modeling (p<0.01; F=108.015). Sedangkan pengujian post hoc test menunjukkan (MD=-1.81; p=0.97>0.05) yang berarti teknik live modeling dan symbolic modeling tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata signifikan, untuk teknik live modeling dan kelompok kontrol dengan(MD= -59.28; p<0.01), dan untuk teknik symbolic modeling dan kelompok kontrol dengan (MD=-6109; p<0.01), yang berarti teknik live modeling dan symbolic modeling rata-rata efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman karier siswa siswa SMP Teuku Umar Semarang.__________________________________________________________ The students’ low understanding in career is influenced by alack of information about career and education in which those aspects are needed to realize a certain job in the future. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of career information services with live and symbolic modeling techniques to improve students' career understanding. The research method used is experimental with operating Non Equivalent Group Pretest-Postest Control Group design, 96 students of 9th grade of SMP Teuku Umar shared in 3 classes were employed as subject, namely is A, B and Control group. The one-way data analysis shows the technique of live  and symbolic modeling whereas (p <0.01; F=108.015). While the post hoc test shows (MD=-1.81;p=0.97>0.05), it means there is no significant difference both live and symbolic modeling techniques. In addition, it is also known that live modeling and control group whereas (MD=-59.28; p<0.01 ), symbolic modeling and control group whereas (MD=-6109; p<0.01). Therefore, it could be concluded that live and symbolic modeling technique is effective to improve students’ career understanding at SMP Teuku Umar Semarang.

The Effectiveness of a Program of Oral Sensory-Motor Therapy with the Severely and Profoundly Developmentally Disabled

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ottenbacher ◽  
Ann Scoggins ◽  
Jamie Wayland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Developmentally Disabled ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

The efficacy of a program of oral-motor therapy designed to facilitate feeding patterns and thus produce increases in body weight in the severely developmentally disabled was explored. Twenty severely and profoundly retarded subjects with neuromotor disorders participated in a pretest / posttest control group design. The experimental group received a 9-week program of oral therapy designed to normalize oral motor functions and reduce pathological oral reflexes. Analysis of covariance revealed no statistically significant difference in body weight gains between the experimental and control group over the treatment period. A post hoc power analysis was computed and revealed a power of approximately .35, indicating a degree of insensitivity in the experimental manipulations and statistical analysis and suggesting the possibility of a Type II experimental error. The need for continued research in this area to establish the effectiveness of sensory and motor facilitation procedures in developing feeding patterns in the severely and profoundly disabled is discussed.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

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