The Role of Marital Status in Physical Activity Among African American and White Men

Racial differences in physical activity among men are well documented; however, little is known about the impact of marital status on this relationship. Data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 was used to determine whether the association of race and physical activity among men varied by marital status. Marital status was divided into two categories: married and unmarried. Physical activity was determined by the number of minutes per week a respondent engaged in household/yard work, moderate and vigorous activity, or transportation (bicycling and walking) over the past 30 days. The sample included 7,131 African American (29%) and White(71%) men aged 18 years and older. All models were estimated using logistic regression. Because the interaction term of race and marital status was statistically significant ( p < .001), the relationship between race, physical activity, and marital status was examined using a variable that reflects the different levels of the interaction term. After adjusting for age, income, education, weight status, smoking status, and self-rated health, African American married men had lower odds (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval = [0.46-0.61], p < .001) of meeting federal physical activity guidelines compared with White married men. Possible dissimilarities in financial and social responsibilities may contribute to the racial differences observed in physical activity among African American and White married men.

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SHIFTING POWER

Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race ◽

10.1017/s1742058x18000206 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 417-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brianna Remster ◽

Rory Kramer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

African American ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Mass Incarceration ◽

Racial Inequalities ◽

Rural Districts ◽

Contemporary United States ◽

The Impact ◽

Legislative Districts

AbstractWhile prisoners cannot vote, they are counted as residents of the often rural legislative districts where they are incarcerated rather than their home districts. We examine the extent to which incarceration shifts the balance of a representative democracy by considering its impact on legislative apportionment. Drawing on data from the Census, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, and Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission, we develop a counterfactual framework to examine whether removing and returning prisoners to their home districts affects equal representation. Because prisoners are disproportionately African American, we also employ this counterfactual to assess racial differences in the impact of prison gerrymandering. Findings indicate that incarceration shifts political power from urban districts to suburban and rural districts through legislative apportionment. Moreover, non-White communities suffer the most. We conclude by considering how our findings fit a growing literature on the role of mass incarceration in [re]producing racial inequalities in the contemporary United States.

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Impact of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator on confidence to undertake physical activity in inherited heart disease: A cross-sectional study

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing ◽

10.1177/1474515117715760 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 742-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joanna Sweeting ◽

Kylie Ball ◽

Julie McGaughran ◽

John Atherton ◽

Christopher Semsarian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Survey Study ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽

The Impact

Background: Physical activity is associated with improved quality of life. Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) face unique clinical and psychological challenges. Factors such as fear of ICD shock may negatively impact on physical activity, while a sense of protection gained from the ICD may instil confidence to be active. Aim: We aimed to examine the impact of an ICD on physical activity levels and factors associated with amount of activity. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. Accelerometer data (seven-day) was collected in March–November 2015 for 63 consecutively recruited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, with or without an ICD, aged ⩾18 years. A survey study was conducted in July–August 2016 of 155 individuals aged ⩾18 years with an inherited heart disease and an ICD in situ. Results: Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, mean leisure time physical activity was 239 ± 300 min/week with 51% meeting physical activity guidelines. Accelerometry showed that mean moderate–vigorous physical activity was the same for patients with and without an ICD (254 ± 139 min/week versus 300 ± 150 min/week, p=0.23). Nearly half of survey participants ( n=73) said their device made them more confident to exercise. Being anxious about ICD shocks was the only factor associated with not meeting physical activity guidelines. Conclusions: Patients with inherited heart disease adjust differently to their ICD device, and for many it has no impact on physical activity. Discussion regarding the appropriate level of physical activity and potential barriers will ensure best possible outcomes in this unique patient group.

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Accelerometer Response to Physical Activity Intensity in Normal-Weight Versus Overweight African American Children

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.8.5.682 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 682-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniel Arvidsson ◽

Mark Fitch ◽

Mark L. Hudes ◽

Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽

Sharon E. Fleming

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

African American ◽

Weight Status ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

African American Children ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

American Children

Background:Different movement efficiency in overweight children may affect accelerometer output data. The purpose was to investigate the ability of accelerometers to assess physical activity intensity and number of steps in normal-weight compared with overweight children.Methods:Eleven normal-weight and 14 overweight African American children walked at 2, 4, 5, and 6 km/h on a treadmill wearing Lifecorder, ActiGraph, RT3, and Biotrainer. Oxygen uptake was measured and steps manually counted. Fat free mass (FFM) was assessed from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Accelerometer counts and the individual linear regression lines of accelerometer counts versus VO2/FFM were evaluated, together with steps recorded by Lifecorder and Actigraph.Results:Correlations between accelerometer counts and VO2/FFM for all monitors were r ≥ .95 (P < .01). The accelerometer counts and their relationship to VO2/FFM did not generally differ significantly by body weight status. Lifecorder and Actigraph underestimated steps at 4, 5, and 6 km/h by less than 9%, but the error was up to −95% at 2 km/h.Conclusions:All 4 accelerometers show high ability to assess physical activity intensity, and can be used to compare physical activity between normal-weight and overweight children. The Lifecorder and the ActiGraph showed high accuracy in assessing steps, providing speed of movement exceeded 2 km/h.

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Abstract MP82: Exergaming and Physical Activity Guidelines- A Population-Based Study of Young Adults

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp82 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Kakinami ◽

Erin K O'Loughlin ◽

Erika N Dugas ◽

Catherine M Sabiston ◽

Gilles Paradis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Weight Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Outdoor Sports ◽

The Past ◽

Active Video ◽

Fitness Training

Background: Compared to traditional non-active video games, exergaming may contribute significantly to overall daily physical activity (PA), but the association in population-based samples has not been fully explored. Objectives: To assess whether total minutes of PA per week among exergamers differs from non-exergamers, and whether the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines differs between exergamers and non-exergamers. Methods: Data were available from the 2011-2012 wave of the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study (n=829). Multivariable models assessed the association between exergaming with moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes in the past week, and the association between exergaming and meeting PA guidelines after adjusting for age, household income, employment status, education, weight status, and screen time. Exergaming was defined as use ≥ 1-3 times per month in the past year, and PA guidelines were defined as ≥ 150 minutes of moderately intense PA, or ≥ 75 minutes of vigorously intense PA, or a combination. Minutes of PA were measured using the well-validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sex differences in exergaming use and exergaming beliefs and attitudes were also assessed. Results: In this population-based sample of young adults (mean age 24 [SD: 0.7] years, 55% female [n=455]), 18% (n=148) of the participants were exergamers (54% female, n=80). Exergaming males and females reported an average of 88.4 and 65.7 exergaming minutes in the past week, respectively. Compared to male exergamers, female exergamers were more likely to believe that exergaming is a good way to integrate PA into their lives (p<0.001), were more likely to prefer exergaming to indoor/outdoor sports (p=0.03), and were more likely to use fitness-training exergames at home (p=0.006). Perceived levels of exertion were also significantly different between male and female exergamers. The majority of male exergamers reported light (51%, n=23) or moderate (44%, n=20) exergaming exertion, whereas female exergamers reported moderate (53%, n=30), as well as light (28%, n=16) and intense (19%, n=11) exertion (p=0.02). After adjusting for covariates, male exergamers were not significantly different from male non-exergamers in total minutes of PA per week, but female exergamers reported 47 more minutes of moderate PA in the past week compared to female non-exergamers (p=0.03). There was no association between exergaming and meeting PA guidelines in either males or females. Conclusions: Exergaming contributes to moderate-intensity PA among females but not among males in this population based sample of young adults. Exergaming may therefore be an important source of PA for women, but the current landscape of exergames may be inadequate to substantially increase minutes of PA among males. Differences in attitudes toward exergaming should be further explored.

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Abstract P076: Racial Differences in Maintaining Optimal Healthy Lifestyles Until 50 Years of Age: Prospective Data From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p076 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

John N Booth ◽

Norrina B Allen ◽

David Calhoun ◽

April P Carson ◽

Luqin Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Lifestyles ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Blacks And Whites ◽

Moderate Alcohol Intake

Introduction: Racial disparities in healthy lifestyles may begin in youth and increase over the lifespan. Hypothesis: Maintaining healthy lifestyles until 50 years of age will be lower in blacks compared with whites. Methods: The population-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study enrolled 5115 blacks and whites aged 18-30 years in 1985-1986. Eight exams were completed over 25 years of follow-up. At each exam, optimal lifestyles were defined as body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m 2 , never smoking status, moderate or vigorous physical activity ≥ 150 minutes per week, no or moderate alcohol intake (drinks per week [women / men]: 0-7 / 0-14) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) adherence score ≥ 15. Optimal cardiovascular health (CVH) was defined as having ≥ 4 optimal lifestyles. The age-specific percentage of blacks and whites maintaining optimal lifestyles was calculated using a modified Kaplan Meier method. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for maintaining optimal lifestyles over 25 years in blacks compared with whites. Results: At the baseline exam, 4900 participants (mean age: 26 years; black: 51%) had ≥ 1 optimal lifestyle. By 50 years of age, maintaining BMI < 25 kg/m 2 , never smoking status, moderate or vigorous physical activity ≥ 150 minutes per week, DASH diet adherence and optimal CVH were lower in blacks versus whites while maintaining no or moderate alcohol intake was higher ( Table ). The multivariable adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) comparing blacks to whites for maintaining BMI < 25 kg/m 2 was 0.57 (0.52-0.63), never smoking status was 0.82 (0.66-1.01), moderate or vigorous physical activity ≥ 150 minutes per week was 0.83 (0.76-0.91), no or moderate alcohol intake was 1.19 (1.03-1.37), DASH diet adherence was 0.71 (0.61-0.82) and optimal CVH was 0.63 (0.56-0.72). Conclusion: Blacks were less likely to maintain optimal lifestyles until 50 years of age. Reducing racial differences in the maintenance of optimal CVH may help prevent racial disparities in cardiovascular disease.

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Association of diet quality and physical activity with healthy ageing in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519000898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 93-102

Author(s):

Karen E. Assmann ◽

Moufidath Adjibade ◽

Solia Adriouch ◽

Valentina A. Andreeva ◽

Chantal Julia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Status ◽

Error Variance ◽

Healthy Ageing ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Nutrition Guidelines ◽

Major Chronic Disease ◽

Dietary Records ◽

Prospective Association ◽

Activity Questionnaires

AbstractA growing number of studies have explored overall health during ageing in a holistic manner by investigating multidimensional models of healthy ageing (HA). However, little attention has been given to the role of adherence to national nutrition guidelines in that context. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between adherence to the French nutrition guidelines and HA. The authors analysed data from 21 407 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study with a median baseline age of 55·6 years (2009–2014) and initially free of major chronic diseases. HA was defined as not developing major chronic disease, no depressive symptoms, no function-limiting pain, independence in instrumental activities of daily living, good physical, cognitive and social functioning, as well as good self-perceived health. Adherence to guidelines of the French Nutrition and Health Programme (Programme National Nutrition Santé or PNNS) was measured via the PNNS Guideline Score (PNNS-GS), using baseline data from repeated 24-h dietary records and physical activity questionnaires. After a median follow-up of 5·7 years, 46·3 % of participants met our HA criteria. Robust-error-variance Poisson regression revealed that higher PNNS-GS scores, reflecting higher adherence to nutrition recommendations (including both diet and physical activity guidelines), were associated with a higher probability to age healthily (relative riskquartile 4 v. quartile 1 = 1·17 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·22)). Supplementary analyses revealed that this association may, to a small part, be mediated by weight status. The results suggest that high adherence to the French national nutrition recommendations may be linked to better overall health throughout ageing.

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Individual and Co-occurring SNAP Risk Factors

International Journal of MS Care ◽

10.7224/1537-2073.2016-040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 298-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Julia M. Balto ◽

Ipek Ensari ◽

Elizabeth A. Hubbard ◽

Naiman Khan ◽

Jennifer L. Barnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Self Report ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Poor Diet ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity

Background: Smoking, poor nutrition, excess alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity underlie most preventable causes of morbidity in the general population and may be associated with comorbidities and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the frequency of co-occurrence of these risk factors in people with MS remains unclear. Methods: Sixty-nine individuals with MS completed self-report measures of smoking status, nutrition, alcohol use, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 analyses. Results: Poor diet was the most common risk factor, with 85.5% of the sample not meeting dietary guidelines. Of participants with two risk factors, 90.3% were not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines. Seventy-three percent of women were not meeting physical activity guidelines, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 7.5, P < .01). There were also differential rates by sex of the most commonly co-occurring risk factors: 65% of women reported the co-occurrence of insufficient physical activity and poor diet, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 4.2, P = .05). Conclusions: These results indicate that 85.5% of the sample was not meeting nutrition guidelines, 90.3% of participants with two risk factors reported the co-occurrence of poor diet and insufficient levels of physical activity, and physical activity levels and the total number of risk factors varied across sex.

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Health behaviors and health status of Korean middleaged men by marital status: Korea Community Health Study, 2015

Epidemiology and Health ◽

10.4178/epih.e2019019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e2019019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yongho Jee ◽

Youngtae Cho

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Health Status ◽

Marital Status ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Subjective Health Status ◽

Married Men ◽

Before And After ◽

Middle Aged Adults

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with household composition and living arrangements, which partially explain observed differences in health status according to marital status. However, due to the rapid socioeconomic and demographic transformations of the last few decades, the distribution of marital status among middle-aged adults has become more diverse. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain up-to-date information on the associations between marital status and health and to investigate the implications of these findings for conventional explanations of the health effects of marriage.METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 Korean Community Health Study. We compared 4 modifiable lifestyle behaviors—smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and self-rated health status—as outcome variables in association with marital status in Korean middle-aged men (age 40-44) living in Seoul and other regions.RESULTS: Married men showed the lowest cigarette smoking prevalence and the highest subjective health status both before and after adjusting for education and income. The odds of engaging in vigorous physical activity did not show a major difference before and after adjustment for income and education.CONCLUSIONS: In married men, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was lowest and subjective health status was highest, similar to previous studies. However, the prevalence of engaging in physical activity was highest in divorced/widowed/separated men. The health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged adults should be more closely followed, since they are representative of demographic changes in the Korean population.

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Impact of a National Peer-Led Training Program to Increase Brief Physical Activity Advice Given to Patients by Health Care Professionals

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2021-0187 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Liz Carlin ◽

Maxine E. Whelan ◽

Hayley Musson ◽

Emma J. Adams

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Health Care ◽

Training Program ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Training Session ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Physical Activity Advice ◽

The Impact

Background: The benefits of physical activity for preventing and managing long-term health conditions are well established and health care professionals could promote physical activity to patients. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of the Clinical Champions Physical Activity Training Program. Methods: Health care professionals attend a one-off in-person training session delivered by a trained Clinical Champion. Attendees at the Clinical Champions Physical Activity Training Program were asked to complete a baseline survey prior to the training session and follow-up surveys 4 and 12 weeks posttraining. Results: A total of 5945 training attendees completed the baseline survey. A total of 1859 and 754 participants completed 4- and 12-week follow-up (31.3% and 12.7% response rate, respectively). Significant increases in confidence to deliver brief physical activity advice and knowledge of physical activity guidelines were reported at 12 weeks (P < .001). The perceived frequency of physical activity discussions with patients significantly increased (P < .001). Twelve weeks after training, fewer barriers in promoting physical activity were reported. Conclusions: The evaluation of the Clinical Champions Physical Activity Training Program demonstrated an increase in knowledge of physical activity guidelines, levels of confidence, and frequency of delivery of brief physical activity advice to patients. Further research is required to determine if this impact translates into changes to patients’ physical activity behavior.

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POLYGENETIC SCORE IS ASSOCIATED WITH T2D; EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S892-S893

Author(s):

Fadi Youkhana ◽

Yanyan Wu ◽

Mika Thompson ◽

Catherine M Pirkle

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Smoking Status ◽

National Sample ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

P Value ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Risk Alleles ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact ◽

Retirement Study

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Studies that use a combined polygenetic score (PGS), calculated based on the number of risk alleles an individual may have, are rarely applied to a representative national sample. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative study of older U.S. adults 50-years or older to examine the impact of PGS and behavioral risk factors (education, poverty ratio, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity) with incident T2D. We used ethnic-straitifed Poisson generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with robust standard errors to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and risk ratios (RRs). Our sample included genotyped Black (N=2,823) and White (N=11,178) men and women.The highest PRs for T2D were among those in the 5th PGS quintile in both Whites (PR=2.24, 95%CI 1.89, 2.65, P-value <0.0001) and Blacks (PR=1.73, 95%CI 1.28,2.33, P-value 0.0003). The highest risk for T2D was among obese Whites (RR=3.35, 95%CI 2.93,3.82, P-value <0.0001) and Blacks (RR=1.60, 95%CI 1.28, 2.00, P-value <0.0001). Our findings found associations between PGS and T2D as well as some lifestyle factors among both Black and White individuals in a nationally representative sample with similar patterns in age, physical activity and poverty ratio. Our study supports the importance of including modifiable and non-modifiable life-style factors in the analysis of risk alleles for T2D to continue addressing the disparities between T2D risk between race/ethnicity groups

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