scholarly journals Requirements for Transparency and Communicability of Regulatory Science

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581881305
Author(s):  
A. Alan Moghissi ◽  
Richard A. Calderone ◽  
Camille Estupigan ◽  
Rae Koch ◽  
Kelsey Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
The Third

This article presents the results of a study attempting to provide examples that implement transparency and communicability elements of Ethical Rules Principle of Best Available Regulatory Science (BARS) and Metrics for Evaluation of Regulatory Science Claims (MERSC). It starts with an overview of regulatory science and briefly summarizes principles of BARS and key pillars of MERSC. Subsequently, the BARS/MERSC system is used to evaluate the linear nonthreshold (LNT) process used in cancer assessments and the similar process used for evaluating in particulate matter (PM) exposure. The study identifies 3 parts in dose–response curves, where the first part is reproducible science and the second part includes uncertainties and often requires the application of precautionary principle. The primary reason for disagreements on LNT and PM is a lack of recognition that the third part is based on desire of regulators to be protective, a policy decision process. Two PM epidemiological examples are included in this study to demonstrate the point. The regulatory process would benefit from recognizing the distinction between science and policy and excluding policy from regulatory science. Furthermore, the society would greatly benefit from increased transparency in the regulatory process and compliance with the Jeffersonian communication principle

scholarly journals Investigation of the Dynamics of a Clamped-Clamped Microbeam Near the Third Mode Using a Partial Electrode

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim M. Masri ◽  
Mohammad I. Younis
Keyword(s):  
Shooting Method ◽  
Electrode Configuration ◽  
Mass Detection ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Resonant Sensors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Multi Mode

We present an investigation of the dynamics of a clamped-clamped microbeam excited electrostatically near its third mode. To maximize the response at the third mode, a partial electrode configuration is utilized. A multi-mode Galerkin method is used to develop a reduced order model (ROM) of the beam. A shooting method to find the periodic motion is utilized to generate frequency response curves. The curves show hardenining behavior and dynamic pull-in. We show that the dynamic amplitude of the partial configuration is higher than that of a full electrode configuration. These results are promising for the use of higher-order modes for mass detection and for ultra sensitive resonant sensors.

Yielding stability of early maturing potato varieties: Bayesian analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Przystalski ◽  
T. Lenartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stable Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Theoretic Problem ◽  
The Bayesian Approach ◽  
Variety Testing

Abstract Field trials conducted in multiple years across several locations play an essential role in plant breeding and variety testing. Usually, the analysis of the series of field trials is performed using a two-stage approach, where each combination of year and site is treated as environment. In variety testing based on the results from the analysis, the best varieties are recommended for cultivation. Under a Bayesian approach, the variety recommendation process can be treated as a formal decision theoretic problem. In the present study, we describe Bayesian counterparts of two stability measures and compare the varieties in terms of the posterior expected utility. Using the described methodology, we identify the most stable and highest tuber yielding varieties in the Polish potato series of field trials conducted from 2016 to 2018. It is shown that variety Arielle was the highest yielding, the third most stable variety and was the second best variety in terms of the posterior expected utility. In the present work, application of the Bayesian approach allowed us to incorporate the prior knowledge about the tested varieties and offered a possibility of treating the variety recommendation process as a formal decision process.

Acclimation of photosynthesis in Norway spruce and red oak grown in open-top chambers and subjected to natural drought and to elevated CO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Le Thiec ◽  
Martin Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Open Top Chambers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Use Efficiency

Eight-year-old Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) and 6-year-old red oak (Quercusrubra L.) trees planted directly into the soil were enclosed in open-top chambers and exposed to either 350 or 700 μmol•mol−1 of CO2 for three growing seasons. During the third year a natural drought was allowed to develop, reducing the predawn leaf water potential to between −0.80 and −1.15 MPa. Intensive gas-exchange measurements were performed before, during, and after the drought. CO2 response curves revealed mesophyll limitation to photosynthesis in drought-stressed trees grown in elevated levels of CO2. The water-use efficiency was greater for trees grown at elevated CO2, but less so during drought in red oak and the same between treatments for drought-stressed spruce. Diurnal measurements showed that enhancement of assimilation rates of trees grown at 700 μmol•mol−1 depended upon the time of day that measurements were made. There was an acclimation to increased CO2 in both species that could not be explained by leaf area differences, available soil for roots, nutrient limitation, or starch accumulation.

Superharmonic Oscillations as Solutions to Duffing’s Equation as Solved by an Electronic Differential Analyzer

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
C. P. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Free Vibration ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Duffing's Equation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Duffing’S Equation ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Differential Analyzer

Abstract This paper presents the experimental response curves for the solutions of Duffing’s equation for that frequency range where higher-order harmonics (called superharmonics as opposed to lower order or subharmonics) of the fundamental are important components of the solution. The experimental results were obtained by solving Duffing’s equation on an electronic differential analyzer. The paper presents corroboration of analytical results for the third-order superharmonic component of solutions which were calculated by a two-term Ritz approximation. The results of this paper indicate that superharmonics of higher order than the third, that is, fifth and seventh order, and even-order harmonics such as second and fourth order can be found in the frequency range studied. This paper points out a definite relationship which exists between the superharmonic generated and the free-vibration curve (“backbone”) of the system. For example, if we compare the maximum displacement of the solution containing an nth order superharmonic with the same amplitude of the free-vibration curve, it is seen that the frequency of the fundamental (the forcing frequency) is 1/n times this natural frequency or, conversely, the frequency of the superharmonic component is n times that of the fundamental and has in fact the frequency of the free vibration for that amplitude. Thus a superharmonic of order n can be pictured as a sustained free vibration which is generated when the frequency of the forcing function is 1/n of the frequency of the free-vibration response curve. The phenomenon of superharmonic oscillations is pictured here as a nonlinear resonance. Experimental evidence of the superharmonic-jump phenomenon as discovered analytically by John Burgess (1) also is presented in this paper.

A Prototype Agent Based Model and Machine Learning Hybrid System for Healthcare Decision Support

2012 ◽  
pp. 230-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Healthcare Policy ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Markov Decision

Science is on the verge of practical agent based modeling decision support systems capable of machine learning for healthcare policy decision support. The details of integrating an agent based model of a hospital emergency department with a genetic programming machine learning system are presented in this paper. A novel GP heuristic or extension is introduced to better represent the Markov Decision Process that underlies agent decision making in an unknown environment. The capabilities of the resulting prototype for automated hypothesis generation within the context of healthcare policy decision support are demonstrated by automatically generating patient flow and infection spread prevention policies. Finally, some observations are made regarding moving forward from the prototype stage.

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