Will the “new biology” Affect the Future of Histopathology?

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
New Biology ◽  
The Impact

The technologies used in histopathology are changing as a consequence of the current revolutionary progress in several areas of biology. It is likely that general cancer management will improve because of the impact of molecular techniques and immunohistochemistry on tumor diagnosis and classification and on the determination of prognosis and response to therapy. Moreover, as therapies are starting to be modelled after the distinctive molecular characteristics of a specific tumor, the availability of molecular tests to all patients will become a matter of great importance.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristic of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Sumba Island at East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
I. K. Narcana ◽  
I. W. Suardana ◽  
I. N. K. Besung
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Serotype B

Aim: This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of Pasteurella multocida isolates originated from Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Materials and Methods: The isolates of P. multocida stored in frozen storage were cultured in blood agar as a selective medium and identified conventionally. Molecular tests were initiated by DNA isolation and then followed by polymerase chain reaction tests with specific primers for the determination of P. multocida serotype A or B. Positive strain of serotype B was then confirmed molecularly using 16S rRNA gene primer and followed by the sequencing of nucleotides. Results: The study showed that both P. multocida isolates from Sumba island, i.e. PM1 is isolated from East Sumba district, while PM2 isolated from West Sumba district have 99.6% homology. Both isolates also known have 99% similarities with P. multocida originated from India, Britain, and Japan, respectively. The isolates share the same clade in the phylogenetic tree. Conclusion: The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a high similarity of P. multocida serotype B:2 isolated from Sumba island with the Indian isolates although the sample size is very small. Therefore, further molecular studies like multilocus sequence typing, VNTR need to be performed using a larger number of samples to establish the genetic relatedness observed in this study.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tumor Heterogeneity on Diagnostics and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Myeloma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Rasche ◽  
K. Kortüm ◽  
Marc Raab ◽  
Niels Weinhold
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Myeloma is characterized by extensive inter-patient genomic heterogeneity due to multiple different initiating events. A recent multi-region sequencing study demonstrated spatial differences, with progression events, such as TP53 mutations, frequently being restricted to focal lesions. In this review article, we describe the clinical impact of these two types of tumor heterogeneity. Target mutations are often dominant at one site but absent at other sites, which poses a significant challenge to personalized therapy in myeloma. The same holds true for high-risk subclones, which can be locally restricted, and as such not detectable at the iliac crest, which is the usual sampling site. Imaging can improve current risk classifiers and monitoring of residual disease, but does not allow for deciphering the molecular characteristics of tumor clones. In the era of novel immunotherapies, the clinical impact of heterogeneity certainly needs to be re-defined. Yet, preliminary observations indicate an ongoing impact of spatial heterogeneity on the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies. In conclusion, we recommend combining molecular tests with imaging to improve risk prediction and monitoring of residual disease. Overcoming intra-tumor heterogeneity is the prerequisite for curing myeloma. Novel immunotherapies are promising but research addressing their impact on the spatial clonal architecture is highly warranted.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Carolina Nylén ◽  
Robert Mechera ◽  
Isabella Maréchal-Ross ◽  
Venessa Tsang ◽  
Angela Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Gene Expression Microarrays ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Expression Microarrays ◽  
Molecular Landscape ◽  
The Impact

The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets. In differentiated TC, molecular markers are mainly used as an adjunct to guide management of indeterminate nodules on fine needle aspiration biopsies. In contrast, in advanced thyroid cancer, molecular markers enable targeted treatments of affected signalling pathways. Identification of the driver mutation of targetable kinases in advanced TC can select treatment with mutation targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to slow growth and reverse adverse effects of the mutations, when traditional treatments fail. This review will outline the molecular landscape and discuss the impact of molecular markers on diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic follicular TC.

scholarly journals Towards Circulating-Tumor DNA-Based Precision Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Hironaka-Mitsuhashi ◽  
Anna Sanchez Calle ◽  
Takahiro Ochiya ◽  
Shin Takayama ◽  
Akihiko Suto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Metastatic Setting

In the era of precision medicine, targeted therapies have been implemented for various diseases. Genomic information guides decision-making in cancer treatment. The improvements in next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction have made it possible to access the genetic information using circulating-tumor DNAs (ctDNAs). Molecular characteristics of individual tumors can be obtained by analysis of ctDNAs, thus making them excellent tools to guide decision-making during treatment. In oncology, the use of ctDNAs in clinical practice is now gaining importance. Molecular analysis of ctDNAs has potential for multiple clinical applications, including early diagnosis, prognosis of disease, prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers, and monitoring response to therapy and clonal evolution. In this paper, we highlight the applications of ctDNAs in cancer management, especially in metastatic setting, and summarize recent studies about the use of ctDNAs as predictive biomarkers for the therapeutic adaptation/response in lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. These studies offer the evidence to use ctDNAs as a promising approach to solve unmet clinical needs.

scholarly journals Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC): review of its molecular characteristics, screening, treatment, and prognosis

Breast Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Breast cancer is a common cancer affecting a large number of patients. Notably, 5–10% of all breast cancer patients are genetically predisposed to cancers. Although the most common breast cancer susceptibility genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are also associated with the risk of developing ovarian and pancreatic cancer, advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis technology enabled the discovery of several non-BRCA genes responsible for breast and ovarian cancers. Studies on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) involve not only determining the predisposition to developing cancer, but also considering the current treatment for breast cancer, prevention of next cancer, risk diagnosis, and adoption of protective measures for relatives. We present a comprehensive review of HBOC, which will be a useful resource in the clinical setting. Many hereditary tumors, including HBOC, are syndromes characterized by the development of different types of cancer in succession. Taking advantage of knowing predisposition of susceptibility to cancer, it is important to continue and update cancer management protocols, which includes the adoption of preventive measures, countermeasures, and treatments, to accurately assess and prevent the impact of cancer on the quality of life of the next generation of patients.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

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