scholarly journals Determinants of gonorrhea and syphilis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Dilla University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550652094009
Author(s):  
Kumneger Hailu ◽  
Achamyelesh Gebretsadik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Control Study

Objective: This study was designed to determine the risk factors associated with gonorrhea and syphilis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Dilla University Referral Hospital. Method: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study (64 cases and 128 controls) with 1:2 ratios was conducted from 29 January 2018 to 20 June 2018, at the antenatal care clinic of the Dilla University Referral Hospital. Venous blood and vaginal swab were collected to screen for gonorrhea and syphilis. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather data on sociodemographic and predisposing factors. Logistic regression analysis used to identify risk factors for sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women at 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05. Result: A total of 64 cases of syphilis or gonorrhea were identified with a mean age of 26 years (±4.1 years.). Of those cases, 40 were syphilis seropositive and the remaining were gonorrhea cases. Lower educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–4.9), age of first sex <18 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–5.9), history of abortion (adjusted odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–6.6), and having two or more sexual partners in the past year (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–5.7) were significantly associated with gonorrhea and syphilis infection. Conclusion: Demographic, behavioral, and obstetric factors are associated with the occurrence of syphilis or gonorrhea among pregnant women. Strengthening the existing antenatal care services, providing health education on risk factors, and prioritizing women with the risk characteristics and initiation of gonorrhea and syphilis screening during antennal care are mandatory.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

A case-control study of risk factors of chronic venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar Abelyan ◽  
Lusine Abrahamyan ◽  
Gayane Yenokyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background/objectives Venous ulcers carry psychological and high financial burden for patients, causing depression, pain, and limitation of mobility. The study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins in Armenia. Methods A case-control study design was utilized enrolling 80 patients in each group, who underwent varicose treatment surgery in two specialized surgical centers in Armenia during 2013–2014 years. Cases were patients with varicose veins and venous leg ulcers. Controls included patients with varicose veins but without venous leg ulcers. Data were collected using interviewer-administered telephone interviews and medical record abstraction. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of venous ulceration. Results There were more females than males in both groups (72.5% of cases and 85.0 % of controls). Cases were on average older than controls (53.9 vs. 39.2 years old, p ≤ 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated odds of developing venous ulcer was higher in patients with history of post thrombotic syndrome (odds ratio = 14.90; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–56.19; p = 0.001), with higher average sitting time (odds ratio = 1.32 per hour of sitting time; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.61; p = 0.006), those with reflux in deep veins (odds ratio = 3.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–10.31; p = 0.019) and history of leg injury (odds ratio = 3.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–8.23; p = 0.022). Regular exercise in form of walking (≥5 days per week) was found to be a protective factor from venous ulceration (odds ratio = 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90; p = 0.034). Conclusion We found that reflux in deep veins, history of leg injury, history of post thrombotic syndrome, and physical inactivity were significant risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins, while regular physical exercise mitigated that risk. Future studies should investigate the relationships between the duration and type of regular exercise and the risk of venous ulceration to make more specific recommendations on preventing ulcer development.

scholarly journals Association of a Remotely Offered Infectious Diseases eConsult Service With Improved Clinical Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J Tande ◽  
Elie F Berbari ◽  
Priya Ramar ◽  
Shiva P Ponamgi ◽  
Umesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health System ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Consultative Service ◽  
Control Study

Abstract We performed a case–control study to evaluate an electronic, asynchronous infectious diseases consultative service at 2 rural hospitals within our health system. Patients with consultation via this platform (n = 100) had a significantly decreased odds of death at 30 days compared with propensity-matched controls (n = 300; adjusted odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.7; P = .003).

scholarly journals Outbreak of unusual H2S-negative monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain likely associated with small tomatoes, Sweden, August to October 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Colombe ◽  
Cecilia Jernberg ◽  
Emma Löf ◽  
Anna Lindqvist Angervall ◽  
Henrik Mellström-Dahlgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Typhimurium Strain ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Control Study

Sweden is investigating an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium. Eighty-two nationally-distributed cases have been confirmed, with date of symptom onset between 28 August and 29 October. Cases were 51 years of age on average (range: 0–89) and the majority of cases were female (62%). A case–control study was conducted and suggested small tomatoes as source of the outbreak (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.15-112.68, p value < 0.001), and a trace-back investigation led to a single, non-Swedish producer in Europe. Both the Salmonella strain and the source of the outbreak are rarely encountered in Europe. Results from investigation at the producer are pending.

scholarly journals FAKTORKEHAMILAN DINI, ANTENATAL CARE, ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI TERHADAP STUNTING PADA BALITA RESIKO STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KABUPATEN BONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
St. Malka ◽  
Musni Musni ◽  
Sitti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT EARLY PREGNANCY, ANTENATAL CARE, ESCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE TO STUNTING IN CHIDREN UNDER FIVE Background: stuntingis a major nutritional problem that will have an impact on social and economic life in society. Stunting is a problem because it is associated with an increased risk of illness and death, suboptimal brain development, resulting in delayed motor development and stunted mental growth. Bone is one of the district in south Sulawesi high prevalence of stunting compared with province and national.Purpose  To determine risk factors early pregnancy, antenatal care, esclusive breastfeeding and nutritional knowledge on stunting among children 12-59 months old.Mathods:The study used is quantitative witch a designed  case-control study. It was conducted in Kading health centre, Bajoe health centre, and Usa health centre.  with the research time May-Juli 2020. The subjects were children between 12-59 month. The sample in this study were 120 consisting of 40 stunted and 80 normal with gender matching. Subject were chosen by purposive sampling methode. The risk factor were early pregnancy, antenatal care, esclusive breastfeeding, and nutritional knowledge. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate with chis-quare test and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval   Results: The results showed that factors associated with stunting were early pregnancy (P = 0.003) and antenatal care with (P = 0.033), while exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.892) and maternal nutritional knowledge (P = 0.404) were not associated with stunting in under-five. . Early pregnancy variable is the dominant variable in the occurrence of stunting in children under five. Early childhood pregnancy has a 5.00 times higher risk of stunting in children under five compared to mothers who are pregnant at adulthood, and mothers not antenatal care during pregnancy have 2.68 times the risk of stunting compared to mothers antenatal care visit during pregnancy.Conclusion: The risk factors for stunting  were early pregnancy and antenatal careSuggestion It is hoped that the government will be even more stringent on the implementation of early marriage, so that there will be no more early marriages and can prevent stunting in toddlers. Keywords: stunting, early pregnancy,  antenatal care ABSTRAK Latar belakang :Stunting adalah masalah gizi utama yang akan berdampak pada kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi dalam masyarakat.  Stunting menjadi permasalahan karena berhubungan dengan menungkatnya risiko terjadinya kesakitan dan kematian, perkembangan otak suboptimal sehingga perkembangan motoric terlambat  dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan Kabupaten Bone meruapakan salah satu kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan dengan angka stunting yang cukup signifikan melebihi prevalensi stunting provinsi dan nasional.Tujuan: untuk menganalisis factor risiko kehamilan usia dini, antenatal care, ASI eksklusif dan pengetahuan gizi ibu terhadap stunting pada balita usia 12 – 59 bulanMetode : Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Case Control Study. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga puskesmas yaitu Puskesmas Kading, Puskesmas Bajoe dan Puskesmas Usa. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juli 2020. dengan subjek adalah anak umur 12 – 59 bulan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 120 balita yang terdiri dari 40 kasus (balita stunting) dan 80 kontrol (balita normal/tidak stunting) dengan Matching jenis kelamin. Metode penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Factor risiko yang diukur adalah kehamilan usia dini, antenatal care (ANC), ASI eksklusif dan pengetahuan gizi ibu. Data dianalisis dengan chi square dan Odds Ratio (OR) 95% CI.Hasil :  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting adalah kehamilan usia dini (P=0,003) dan antenatal care dengan (P=0.033), sedangkan ASI eksklusif  (P=0,892) dan pengetahuan gizi ibu (P=0,404) tidak berhubungan dengan stunting pada balita. Variabel kehamilan usia dini merupakan variable dominan terjadinya stunting pada balita. Kehamilan usia dini memiliki risiko 5,00 kali lebih tiinggi untuk mengalami stunting pada balita dibandingkan ibu yang hamil pada usia dewasa, ibu yang tidak melakukan antenatal care memiliki risiko 2,68 kali mengalami stunting dibanding ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal care. Kesimpulan: kehamilan usia dini dan antenatal care merupakan factor risiko terjadinya stunting pada balitaSaran Diharapkan pemeritah lebih ketat lagi terhadap pelaksanaan pernikahan usia dini, agar tidak ada lagi pernikahan usia dini dan bisa mencegah terjadinya stunting pada balita Kata kunci : stunting, kehamilan Dini, antenatal care  

scholarly journals Bio-mechanical risk factors for uterine prolapse among women living in the hills of west Nepal: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550651989517
Author(s):  
Hridaya Raj Devkota ◽  
Tula Ram Sijali ◽  
Carisa Harris ◽  
Dirgha J Ghimire ◽  
Ndola Prata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To investigate whether heavy load carrying, wearing a patuka, and body position at work are risk factors for uterine prolapse among Nepali women. Methods: Community-based case-control study of 448 women (170 cases of uterine prolapse; 278 controls) aged 18–60 years in Kaski district, Nepal was conducted. Women diagnosed with uterine prolapse were cases. Two controls were recruited for each case, frequency-matched by residential area and age. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate associations between outcome and exposures. Results: No association of heavy load carrying with uterine prolapse was observed; women who never used a patuka had lower odds of uterine prolapse (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.05–0.71). Women working in a sitting position had higher odds than those working in a standing position (odds ratio = 2.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.74–4.96), as did women who mainly worked in a bending position (odds ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–5.34). Housewives were more prone to uterine prolapse than women engaged in farming (odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.31–3.47). Conclusion: Using a patuka, occupation, and body position during work were all associated with uterine prolapse. No association was found with heavy load carrying, although that might be attributable to the cross-sectional nature of study recruitment.

scholarly journals Determinants of uterine rupture among mothers who gave birth in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, institution-based case–control study, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550652096172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goitom Girmay ◽  
Teklemariam Gultie ◽  
Gebrekiros Gebremichael ◽  
Bezawit Afework ◽  
Gebremariam Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Control Study

Background: Uterine rupture is a major public health problem in low-income countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, its prevalence is low, but it results in devastative health problems of the mother and her baby. Even though the Ethiopian government and nongovernmental organizations tried to strengthen the health care system, significant adverse maternal and fetal outcome is still associated with uterine rupture. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of uterine rupture in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals. Methods: The study was conducted in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, and the data collection period was 15 to 30 November 2018. A case–control study design was used with simple random sampling of 1:4. Data were collected using data extraction sheets. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were used to determine significant association between dependent and independent variables. Result: Uterine rupture occurred in 112 cases with 448 controls. Women referred from health facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 8.0, 95% confidence interval: 3.5–17.8), multiparous women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.7, 95% confidence interval: 4.2–39.0), duration of labor more than 18 h (adjusted odds ratio = 11.5, 95% confidence interval: 5.5–24.1), malpresentation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–8.0) and gestational age of ⩾37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–19.3) were independent factors associated with uterine rupture. Conclusion: Mothers referred from health facilities, multiparous women, duration of labor more than 18 h, gestational age of ⩾37 weeks and malpresentation were significantly associated with uterine rupture. Early referral, encouraging family planning, proper use of partograph, early identification and appropriate intervention for malpresentation are recommended.

scholarly journals Quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women attending government hospitals in Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110580
Author(s):  
Assefa Philipos Kare ◽  
Amelo Bolka Gujo ◽  
Nigussie Yohanes Yote
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Good-quality antenatal care improves maternal health in the least developed countries. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women attending hospitals in the Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia. Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 30 April 2020 among 372 pregnant women. A two-stage sampling technique—the first stage, selection of health facilities; the second stage, selection of respondents—was used. Trained data collectors administered exit interviews. Data were entered into EPI Info 7 and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Quality of care was assessed using a validated questionnaire containing 68 attributes of quality. Good quality of care was determined by the proportion of respondents who scored ⩾80% of 68 variables. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used in the analysis. The outputs were presented using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: This study revealed that 41.2% (95% confidence interval: 36.2%–46.2%) of pregnant women had received good-quality antenatal care. Increased odds of the utilization of quality antenatal care were observed among women who lived in urban areas (adjusted odds ratio = 4.32, 95% confidence interval: 2.58–7.21), attained primary education and more (adjusted odds ratio = 2.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.60–4.48), earned a monthly income >3000 Ethiopia Birr (US$93.3) (adjusted odds ratio = 3.86, 95% confidence interval: 2.28–6.51), and visited hospitals for antenatal care ⩾4 times (adjusted odds ratio = 3.68, 95% confidence interval: 2.21–6.10). Conclusions: The proportion of women who received good-quality antenatal care was low. Good quality care was associated with residence, education status, income level, and frequency of antenatal care visits. Training care providers, strengthening counseling, and promoting women’s economic empowerment to improve the utilization of quality antenatal care are recommended.

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