Causal Impact of Employee Work Perceptions on the Bottom Line of Organizations

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Harter ◽  
Frank L. Schmidt ◽  
James W. Asplund ◽  
Emily A. Killham ◽  
Sangeeta Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Causal Impact

Perceptions of work conditions have proven to be important to the well-being of workers. However, customer loyalty, employee retention, revenue, sales, and profit are essential to the success of any business. It is known that these outcomes are correlated with employee attitudes and perceptions of work conditions, but the research into direction of causality has been inconclusive. Using a massive longitudinal database that included 2,178 business units in 10 large organizations, we found evidence supporting the causal impact of employee perceptions on these bottom-line measures; reverse causality of bottom-line measures on employee perceptions existed but was weaker. Managerial actions and practices can impact employee work conditions and employee perceptions of these conditions, thereby improving key outcomes at the organizational level. Perceptions of specific work conditions that engage employees in their work provide practical guidance in how best to manage people to obtain desired results.

scholarly journals Does Sport Affect Health and Well-Being or Is It the Other Way Around? A Note on Reverse-Causality in Empirical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Jing Guan ◽  
J. D. Tena
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Response Variables

Estimating the causal impact of sport or physical activity on health and well-being is an issue of great relevance in the sport and health literature. The increasing availability of individual level data has encouraged this interest. However, this analysis requires dealing with two types of simultaneity problem: (1) between exercise and response variables; and (2) across the different response variables. This note discusses how the previous literature has dealt with these two questions with particular attention paid to the use of seemingly aseptic econometric models proposed by some recent empirical papers. Regardless of the approach, identification necessarily requires the use of untestable hypotheses. We provide some recommendations based on analyzing the robustness of the estimation results to changes in the adopted identification assumptions.

The antecedents and outcomes of corporate volunteering: an employee- and organizational-level meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt C. Howard ◽  
Emory Serviss
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Corporate Volunteering ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts

PurposeThe authors argue that many core findings are not as established as often assumed in the study of corporate volunteering programs, and they assess this possibility by reporting a meta-analysis of both organizational and employee participation that includes relations with antecedents and outcomes at both organizational and employee levels.Design/methodology/approachThe authors perform a meta-analysis of 57 sources, including 30 peer-reviewed articles, 16 theses/dissertations, 8 unpublished manuscripts, 2 conference presentations and 1 book chapter.FindingsOf the antecedents, organizational size only had a small relation with organizational participation, but the effect of corporate social responsibility orientation was very large on organizational participation. Demographic characteristics as well as personality traits had a small relation with employee participation, whereas the effect of volunteering attitudes was large on employee participation. Of the outcomes, organizational participation did not significantly relate to customer perceptions. Employee participation had nonsignificant or small relations with well-being, commitment, job satisfaction and positive behaviors; however, organizational participation also significantly related to all employee-level outcomes, and the effect was significantly stronger than employee participation for two of four outcomes.Practical implicationsOrganizations can better understand the true influence of corporate volunteering programs, aiding their bottom line and employee well-being.Originality/valueSeveral commonly assumed antecedents and outcomes do not relate to corporate volunteering participation, and future research should be redirected to more influential effects. The authors’ discussion highlights theories that may be particularly beneficial for the study of corporate volunteering, including social identity theory and role expansion theory.

Authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being: An integrated review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Hellya Agustina ◽  
Nur Atiqah Abdullah ◽  
Ihil S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Work Climate ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Employee Silence ◽  
Being There

As we known that one resource that supports work of employee is a good relationship among the leader and co-workers. Leaders who have styles that are able to improve employees' psychological well-being by making workplaces healthy, do not neglect supervision, are able to motivate employees, and reflect values that are important to employees (see, Hsiung 2012; Winkler et al. 2015; Huang et al. 2016; Joo, Park, & Lim 2016). There seems to be general agreement that effective leadership will encourage positive employee attitudes and behaviour (e.g., Fong & Snape 2015; Afsar, Badir & Kiani 2016; Semedo, Coelho, & Ribeiro 2016; Wu & Lee 2017; Kim & Beehr 2018; Buil , Martinez, & Matute 2019; Mostafa & Bottomley 2020). Meanwhile, most of the previous studies link that authentic leadership also has a negative influence on employees, such as: employee silence (Guenter et al. 2016); job stress (Weiss, et al. 2017); cynicism and immodesty (A Megeirhi, et al. 2018); burnout (Fair & Kamal 2019); management culture errors (Farnese et al. 2018); and turnover intentions (Gordon et al. 2019). Researchers found that only a few studied the relationship between authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being. There is only one study that examines this by using work climate as mediator variable in the type of nurse's work. Research conducted by Nelson et al. (2014) which states that authentic leadership has been recognized to influence psychological well-being through its impact on the work climate. Moving on from these issues, the interests of employees in Indonesia should be considered because the employee is required to work for eight hours a day and employees are working to make ends meet. Keywords: authentic leadership, psychological well-being, mediators, moderators, integrated review.

scholarly journals Psychosocial impact on frontline health and social care professionals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e047353
Author(s):  
Henry Aughterson ◽  
Alison R McKinlay ◽  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Alexandra Burton
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTo explore the psychosocial well-being of health and social care professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis was a qualitative study deploying in-depth, individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for coding.ParticipantsThis study involved 25 participants from a range of frontline professions in health and social care.SettingInterviews were conducted over the phone or video call, depending on participant preference.ResultsFrom the analysis, we identified 5 overarching themes: communication challenges, work-related stressors, support structures, personal growth and individual resilience. The participants expressed difficulties such as communication challenges and changing work conditions, but also positive factors such as increased team unity at work, and a greater reflection on what matters in life.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the support needs of health and social care professionals amid continued and future disruptions caused by the pandemic. It also elucidates some of the successful strategies (such as mindfulness, hobbies, restricting news intake, virtual socialising activities) deployed by health and social care professionals that can support their resilience and well-being and be used to guide future interventions.

scholarly journals Protective and Risk Factors of Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Amalia De Leo ◽  
Eloisa Cianci ◽  
Paolo Mastore ◽  
Caterina Gozzoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Interpersonal Level

The COVID-19 pandemic put the Italian health system under great stress. The sudden reorganization of work practices and the emotional impact of the large number of the victims had many consequences on the well-being of the healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in managing the crisis. In the available literature, most studies have focused on the risk aspects while only few studies also take into account protective factors. For this reason, it was decided to conduct, within psycho-sociological perspective, a qualitative study with the aim to explore in depth the protective and risk factors as experienced by HCPs who worked in the Italian healthcare system during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with HCPs–9 nurses and 10 physicians (7M and 12F) with an average age of 43 (SD = 13.4)–selected using snowball sampling. Considering three different levels of analysis the results highlight the protective and risk factors: personal history level (intrinsic/ethical motivation and flexible role versus extrinsic motivation and static role), interpersonal level (perception of supportive relationships with colleagues, patients, and family versus bad relationships), and organizational level (good leadership and sustainable work purpose versus absence of support from management and undefined or confused tasks).

A recipe for sustainable development: assessing transition of commercial foodservices towards the goal of the triple bottom line sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hien Thu Bui ◽  
Viachaslau Filimonau
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

Purpose This study aims to critically evaluate the factual triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability performance of commercial foodservices as featured in peer-reviewed academic publications. Design/methodology/approach The commercial foodservices’ sustainability performance-related articles were collected for a systematic review. An inductive thematic analysis was applied to the eligible articles. Findings The contribution of the commercial foodservice sector to the TBL sustainability is highlighted through eight themes: food waste management; food safety and hygiene; food allergy management; provision of healthy meals; local food use; employment of the disadvantaged; well-being of (non)managerial personnel; and noise level management. Originality/value The critical evaluation of the actual TBL sustainability measures adopted by commercial foodservice providers highlights the feasibility of the measures, thus calling for their broader industry uptake. Research gaps and issues for future investigations are accentuated for scholars to support the industry in its progress towards the goals of the TBL sustainability.

scholarly journals Expatriation, alcohol and drugs: antecedents and consequences of substance use in expatriation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 316-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
High Level

PurposeExpatriation is known to be stressful. The purpose of this paper is to examine stress as an antecedent of substance use (SU) during expatriation and related effects on expatriates’ work adjustment. Moreover, the study sheds light on individual-level moderators (i.e. gender and prior international experience) and organizational-level moderators (i.e. organizational social support) that might condition the stress–SU link.Design/methodology/approachThis work adopts a quantitative survey approach. It is based on two studies, one of 205 expatriates and one of 96 expatriate–supervisor dyads. The data were collected through personal networks and with the help of multinational companies.FindingsThis research shows that stress at a medium- to high-level increases SU among male expatriates, but not among female expatriates. Expatriates with substantial prior international experience were identified as being more prone to react to stress by resorting to SU. It also provides evidence that SU to aid coping harms professional adjustment. Moreover, some implications relating to professional adjustment are discussed.Research limitations/implicationsSU was self-reported; this may have deterred users from accurately reporting their consumption levels. Moreover, convenience samples have been used. Preventive actions limiting SU, such as well-being programs, could be sponsored by local human resource managers in order to limit this phenomenon.Originality/valueThis work is one of the first to analyze SU among expatriates. It shows that some expatriates are more at risk than others of resorting to such use to cope with the hardships of expatriation.

scholarly journals Multidimensional aspects related to shiftworkers' health and well-being

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Costa
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

The impact of shift and night work on health shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability, both in terms of kind of troubles and temporal occurrence, related to various intervening factors dealing with individual characteristics, lifestyles, work demands, company organisation, family relations and social conditions. The way we define "health" and "well-being" can significantly influence appraisals, outcomes and interventions. As the goal is the optimisation of shiftworkers' health, it is necessary to go beyond the health protection and to act for health promotion. In this perspective, not only people related to medical sciences, but many other actors (ergonomists, psychologists, sociologists, educators, legislators), as well as shiftworkers themselves. Many models have been proposed aimed at describing the intervening variables mediating and/or moderating the effects; they try to define the interactions and the pathways connecting risk factors and outcomes through several human dimensions, which refer to physiology, psychology, pathology, sociology, ergonomics, economics, politics, and ethics. So, different criteria can be used to evaluate shiftworkers' health and well-being, starting from biological rhythms and ending in severe health disorders, passing through psychological strain, job dissatisfaction, family perturbation and social dis-adaptation, both in the short- and long-term. Consequently, it appears rather arbitrary to focus the problem of shiftworkers' health and tolerance only on specific aspects (e.g. individual characteristics), but a systemic approach appears more appropriate, able to match as many variables as possible, and aimed at defining which factors are the most relevant for those specific work and social conditions. This can support a more effective and profitable (for individuals, companies, and society) adoption of preventive and compensative measures, that must refer more to "countervalues" rather than to "counterweights".

scholarly journals IMPACT OF OFFLINE AND ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS ON LONELINESS AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG ITALIAN OLDER PEOPLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S529-S529
Author(s):  
Daniele Zaccaria ◽  
Georgia Casanova ◽  
Antonio Guaita
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Older People ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Causal Impact

Abstract In the last decades the study of older people and social networks has been at the core of gerontology research. The literature underlines the positive health effects of traditional and online social connections and also the social networks’s positive impact on cognitive performance, mental health and quality of life. Aging in a Networked Society is a randomized controlled study aimed at investigating causal impact of traditional face-to-face social networks and online social networks (e.g. Social Network Sites) on older people’ health, cognitive functions and well-being. A social experiment, based on a pre-existing longitudinal study (InveCe - Brain Aging in Abbiategrasso) has involved 180 older people born from 1935 to 1939 living in Abbiategrasso, a municipality near Milan. We analyse effects on health and well-being of smartphones and Facebook use (compared to engagement in a more traditional face-to-face activity), exploiting the research potential of past waves of InveCe study, which collected information concerning physical, cognitive and mental health using international validate scale, blood samples, genetic markers and information on social networks and socio-demographic characteristics of all participants. Results of statistical analysis show that poor social relations and high level of perceived loneliness (measured by Lubben Scale and UCLA Loneliness scale) affect negatively physical and mental outcomes. We also found that gender and marital status mediate the relationship between loneliness and mental wellbeing, while education has not significant effect. Moreover, trial results underline the causal impact of ICT use (smartphones, internet, social network sites) on self-perceived loneliness and cognitive and physical health.

scholarly journals Cognitive Ergonomics of Assembly Work from a Job Demands–Resources Perspective: Three Qualitative Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12282
Author(s):  
Matilda Wollter Wollter Bergman ◽  
Cecilia Berlin ◽  
Maral Babapour Babapour Chafi ◽  
Ann-Christine Falck ◽  
Roland Örtengren
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Assembly Work ◽  
Physical Loading ◽  
Holistic Understanding

In manufacturing companies, cognitive processing is required from assembly workers to perform correct and timely assembly of complex products, often with varied specifications and high quality demands. This paper explores assembly operators’ perceptions of cognitive/mental workload to provide a holistic understanding of the work conditions that affect cognitive demands and performance. While the physical loading aspects of assembly work are well known, most empirical literature dealing with cognitive/mental loading in manufacturing tends to examine a few particular aspects, rather than address the issue with a holistic system view. This semi-structured interview study, involving 50 industrial assembly operators from three Swedish companies, explores how assemblers perceive that their cognitive performance and well-being is influenced by a wide variety of factors within the context of mechanical product assembly. The interview transcripts were analysed using a priori coding, followed by bottom-up Thematic Analysis. The results indicate that a variety of systemic effects on assemblers’ cognitive performance can be classified as job demands or resources. Quite often, the absence of a resource mirrors a related demand, and “good assembly conditions”, as described by the interviewees, often re-frame demands as desirable challenges that foster motivation and positive feelings towards the work. The identified demands and resources stem from task design, timing, physical loading, intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, social teamwork and the product’s “interface” design. Despite organisational differences and conditions between the three companies that took part in the study, the results are largely consistent.

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