scholarly journals Do the police really protect and serve the public? Police deviance and public cynicism towards the law in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwagbenga Michael Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Police Deviance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Everyday Problem ◽  
Vicarious Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

This study empirically examines the everyday problem of corrupt policing and other related abuses in Nigeria, and how these deviant behaviours engender public cynicism towards the law. In any democratic society, police officers are expected to be accountable for their actions and inactions. But the perennial problem in Nigeria is that the police are not accountable to anyone. The history of Nigeria policing is littered with accounts of deviance, malevolent attitudes towards the public and failures of the police organization in detecting or disciplining errant officers. Using a sample of 462 participants from a cross-sectional survey, this study examines whether actual or vicarious experiences of police deviance are likely to predict public cynicism towards the law. This current study corroborates previous assertions that the relationship between the police and the public in Nigeria is poor and that police deviance engenders cynicism towards the law. Implications for policymaking and law-abiding behaviour are discussed.

Examining police officers’ perceptions of stress: the role of Person−environment fit

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Rief ◽  
Samantha Clinkinbeard
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Organizational Fit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between officer perceptions of fit in their organization and stress (organizational and operational), overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation (within the last 6 months).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 832 officers from two Midwest police departments to examine the relationships between fit, stress and work-related attitudes.FindingsPerceived stress and organizational fit were strong predictors of overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation; organizational fit accounted for the most variation in stress, satisfaction and turnover contemplation. Organizational stress partially mediated the relationship between organizational fit and job satisfaction and organizational fit and turnover contemplation.Research ImplicationsMore research is needed to identify predictors of organizational fit perceptions among police officers.Practical implicationsFindings indicate that agencies should pay close attention to the organizational culture and structure when trying to address issues of officer well-being and retention. Further, the person−environment framework can be a useful tool in examining police occupational outcomes.Originality/valueThe authors findings contribute to research on officer stress by exploring perceptions of organizational fit as a predictor of stress and unpacking how officer stress matters to important work outcomes, including job satisfaction and thoughts of turnover, by considering stress as a mediator between organizational fit and these work outcomes.

Effect of Audit Expectation Gap in Nigerian Capital Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Onulaka
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
The Relationship

Audit expectation gap is a phenomenon that presently attracts the attention of researchers all over the world. The basic problem is in the area of how the public perceives the role of the auditor, which in most cases centers on the prevention of fraud and irregularities. On the other hand the auditor and the auditing profession always exonerate themselves from the fact and perception of the public towards their work. However, the continued litigation against the auditor and the auditing profession has called on a rethink on the relationship of the auditor and the audit work he performs This paper is structured to briefly establish what auditing and its expectations gap is and the relationship audited financial statement has on capital market and to investigate if the identified gaps have any significant effect in the volume of transactions in the Nigerian capital market.It sought to establish the perception of the capital market operators on its existence. Respondents view was also sought on how the gap could be narrowed. Chi-square (χ2) was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The data were obtained through questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety (290) copies of the instrument were found useful out of 350 copies distributed using purposive sampling technique. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Lagos and Abuja stock Exchange to capture the perceptions of key users of financial statements in Nigerian capital market. The tests of hypothesis were done using Microsoft Excel 2010 version. Tests were carried out at a significant level of 5% and twelve degree of freedom. The findings of the study indicated that there is a wide expectation gap in the areas of auditors’ responsibility for fraud prevention and detection. Audit expectation gap has negative impact on the volume of transactions in Nigerian stock exchange.

A Cross Sectional Survey on Breast Self Examination Practice, Utilization of Breast Professional Examination, Mammography and Associated Factors in Romagna, Italy

1992 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Ferro ◽  
Annalisa Caroli ◽  
Oriana Nanni ◽  
Annibale Biggeri ◽  
Angelo Gambi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Disease ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
The Relationship

In 1988, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Romagna region (Italy) to evaluate the association between knowledge of breast pathophysiology and preventive attitudes and screening tests practice for breast cancer. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of asymptomatic women aged 20–64 years living in the city of Faenza (Northern Italy). Of the 657 responders, 58 % reported that they practiced breast self-examination; 55% had had a professional breast examination, and only 9 % had had a mammogram as a screening test. Logistic regression analysis (including variables such as age, education, employment) was performed to explore the relationship between screening tests practice and factors associated with their use. Breast self-examination practice (n = 590) was associated with preventive attitudes (aOR = 1.67, 95°/o CI = 1.09–2.53) and with a positive history of breast disease (aOR = 3.48, 95 % CI = 1.72–7.04). Professional breast examination (n = 480) was related to preventive attitudes (aOR = 2.37, 95 % CI = 1.51–3.71), knowledge of breast pathophysiology (aOR = 2.07, 95 % CI = 1.31–3.28), and use of oral contraceptives (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.12–2.91). Mammography use (n = 540) was associated with preventive attitudes (aOR = 3.08, 95 % CI = 1.40–6.76). The results show an inadequate utilization of screening tests in our population. Breast self-examination is strongly related to a positive history of breast disease, and this could reflect the lack of health educational programs aimed at the general population.

scholarly journals One Snake or Two? Exploring Medical Symbols Among Medical Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Kazeem Kanmodi Kehinde ◽  
Adebayo Oladimeji ◽  
Ayomikun Adesina Miracle ◽  
Francis Fagbule Omotayo ◽  
Emerenini Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Symbols play a very crucial role in the culture of a society, and the medical society is not an exception to this. In the world of Orthodox medicine, the Rod of Asclepius is regarded as the true symbol of medicine. However, there exists to be an issue of interchange of the correct medical symbol (i.e. Rod of Asclepius) with another similar symbol (i.e. the Caduceus). This study aims to explore medical students’ knowledge and opinion on the appropriate symbol of medicine. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of 84 medical students at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), North-West Nigeria. Study tool was a paper questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Epi info 7 Software. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 23.7 (±3.4) years, 72.6% were males, and 73.8% were in their 4th year. Only 59.5% had interest in non-medical literature. Also, only 6.0% had doctors as their parents. The majority (88.1%) of the participants erroneously identified the Caduceus symbol as the most appropriate symbol of medicine. Furthermore, only 45.2% indicated that the Rod of Asclepius and the Caduceus symbols originated from ancient Greece. Virtually all (97.6%) the participants opined that the Caduceus symbol is the most popular symbol of Medicine. Finally, the majority (73.8%) of the participants recommended that a course on the History of Medicine should be added to the medical curriculum of their school. Conclusion: This study found that the majority of the surveyed medical students did not know much about the historically correct medical symbol. This shows the need for awareness creation on the true symbol of medicine among medical students, and even the public-at-large.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Among the Public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A Alshehri ◽  
Omar M Saggaf ◽  
Hussein M Alshamrani ◽  
Abdulrahman Mutlaq Alnefaie ◽  
Khalid B Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family History ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is a common condition that is unpleasant and might lead to various middle ear disorders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) among the public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jeddah during August 2018 by distributing an electronic survey form to participants from different districts of the city. All male and female residents of Jeddah aged 10 years and above had the chance to participate in this study. RESULTS A total of 2372 participants (female, 1535/2372, 64.71%; male, 837/2372, 35.28%; mean age 31.31 years, SD 11.85 years) agreed to contribute to our study. Upon analysis of their answers to the questionnaire, the overall prevalence of ETD in our sample was found to be 42.49% (1008/2372). The prevalence was higher among participants who reported a previous diagnosis of ETD and hearing loss (1897/2372, 80.00% and 1902/2372, 80.21%, respectively). Additionally, participants with a family history of hearing loss had a significantly higher prevalence (1136/2372, 47.92%) of ETD than those with no family history of hearing loss. Our analysis also showed that females were at a greater risk of developing ETD than males (<i>P</i>=.01). CONCLUSIONS As per our prevalence data, ETD is a common disease in Jeddah, pointing to the need for more attention, awareness, and research.

scholarly journals A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Knowledge of Mosquito-Borne Infections and Barriers for Protection in Hanoi, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Lorraine Chapot ◽  
Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽  
Long Pham-Thanh ◽  
Hung Nguyen-Viet ◽  
Luke Craven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Feeling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Dengue is a growing problem in Hanoi, with cyclical epidemics of increasing frequency and magnitude. In June 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using mixed methods to investigate how inhabitants of Hanoi perceive and respond to the risk of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD). A total of 117 participants recruited using a stratified random sampling method were interviewed in three districts of Hanoi. Knowledge and practices (KP) regarding MBDs were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Inferential statistics were used to identify factors associated with KP scores and describe the relationship between variables. Additionally, a “risk-mapping” exercise was conducted in a subsample through semi-structured interviews and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the System Effects platform. Factors significantly associated with knowledge scores were education and family history of MBDs. While knowledge and practice scores were found to be positively correlated in the statistical analysis, this was not corroborated by our observations on the field. The results also revealed gaps in knowledge about MBDs and vectors and highlighted a general feeling of powerlessness which prevented the adoption of protective behaviors. Therefore, educational interventions which provide concrete tools to empower communities should have a positive impact on improving vector control.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Among the Public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study

10.2196/14640 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e14640
Author(s):  
Khalid A Alshehri ◽  
Omar M Saggaf ◽  
Hussein M Alshamrani ◽  
Abdulrahman Mutlaq Alnefaie ◽  
Khalid B Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family History ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
History Of

Background Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is a common condition that is unpleasant and might lead to various middle ear disorders. Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) among the public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jeddah during August 2018 by distributing an electronic survey form to participants from different districts of the city. All male and female residents of Jeddah aged 10 years and above had the chance to participate in this study. Results A total of 2372 participants (female, 1535/2372, 64.71%; male, 837/2372, 35.28%; mean age 31.31 years, SD 11.85 years) agreed to contribute to our study. Upon analysis of their answers to the questionnaire, the overall prevalence of ETD in our sample was found to be 42.49% (1008/2372). The prevalence was higher among participants who reported a previous diagnosis of ETD and hearing loss (1897/2372, 80.00% and 1902/2372, 80.21%, respectively). Additionally, participants with a family history of hearing loss had a significantly higher prevalence (1136/2372, 47.92%) of ETD than those with no family history of hearing loss. Our analysis also showed that females were at a greater risk of developing ETD than males (P=.01). Conclusions As per our prevalence data, ETD is a common disease in Jeddah, pointing to the need for more attention, awareness, and research.

scholarly journals Perception of the relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction and orthodontic treatment among Saudi population

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4250
Author(s):  
Deema Al Shammery ◽  
Hiba Alfayez ◽  
Maha Al Bukairi ◽  
Mashael Al Otaibi ◽  
Saja Al Eidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Treatment Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The consensus about the relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and orthodontic treatment has gone from a cause and effect association between TMD and orthodontic treatment to the idea that there is no reliable evidence supporting this statement. The objective of the study was to assess the perception of the relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment among Saudi population.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey about the relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment which was prepared and sent to Saudi population through social medias. Answers were treated by means of descriptive statistics and strong associations between variables were assessed by Fischer’s test.Results: A total of 826 participant were involved in the study and were divided according to age into two groups. Questions about history of receiving orthodontic treatment, knowledge about the tempo-mandibular joint, relationship of orthodontic treatment and TMD and the thought that orthodontic treatment may increase symptoms of TMD were all significant with p<0.005.Conclusion: This study suggests that orthodontists' beliefs about the relationship between orthodontic treatment and TMD are in accordance with scientific evidence only when referring to treatment and prevention of TMD. The majority of orthodontists believe that, despite scientific evidence, orthodontic treatment can cause TMD.

Sleep Reactivity and Psychological Health in Normal Sleepers: the moderating role of stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Ellis ◽  
Sarah Allen ◽  
Michael Perlis ◽  
Michael Grandner ◽  
Maria Gardani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Public Health Campaign ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The aim of the present study was to determine whether normal sleepers with vulnerability to insomnia, via high sleep reactivity, demonstrate more sleep-related dysfunctional cognitions and behaviours and poorer psychological health compared to those who are not vulnerable. Further, the influence of stress on the relationship between sleep reactivity and psychological health was also examined. A cross-sectional survey of 737 young adult ‘normal’ sleepers from the general population was undertaken. Results indicated normal sleepers vulnerable to insomnia demonstrated more sleep-related dysfunctional cognitions and behaviours as well as poorer psychological health compared to those not vulnerable. Furthermore, the relationship between sleep reactivity and psychological health was moderated by perceived stress over the previous month and life events over the previous year. Therefore, identifying and supporting those who are vulnerable to insomnia may be a fruitful avenue for preventative public health campaign to mitigate both insomnia and poor psychological health.

Uncertainty about cellulitis and unmet patient information needs: a mixed methods study

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697349
Author(s):  
Anna Lalonde ◽  
Emma Teasdale ◽  
Ingrid Muller ◽  
Joanne Chalmers ◽  
Peter Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Patient Information Needs ◽  
History Of

BackgroundCellulitis is a common painful infection of the skin and underlying tissues that recurs in approximately a third of cases. Patients’ ability to recover from cellulitis or prevent recurrence is likely to be influenced by their understanding of the condition.AimTo explore patients’ perceptions of cellulitis and their information needs.MethodMixed methods study comprising semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and cross-sectional survey, recruiting through primary care, secondary care and advertising. Adults aged 18 or over with a history of cellulitis (first or recurrent) were invited to complete a survey, take part in an interview or both. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.ResultsThirty interviews were conducted between August 2016 and July 2017. Qualitative data revealed low prior awareness of cellulitis, uncertainty around diagnosis, concern/surprise at the severity of cellulitis, and perceived insufficient information provision. People were surprised they had never heard of the condition and that they had not received advice or leaflets giving self-care information. Some sought information from the internet and found this bewildering. Two hundred and forty surveys were completed (response rate 17%). These showed that, while most people received information on the treatment of cellulitis (60.0%, n = 144), they reported receiving no information about causes (60.8%, n = 146) or prevention of recurrence (73.3%, n = 176).ConclusionThere is a need for provision of basic information for people with cellulitis, particularly being informed of the name of their condition, how to manage acute episodes, and how to reduce risk of recurrence.

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