scholarly journals Evolution of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) 1998–2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Warren ◽  
Juliette Lee ◽  
Veronica Lea ◽  
Ann Goding ◽  
Brandon O'hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given that country-specific international data on tobacco use were limited or nonexistent, in 1998, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) initiated the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) to assist countries in establishing tobacco control surveillance and monitoring programs. GTSS includes collection of data through three school-based surveys: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) for youth; the Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS), and the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) for adults; and one household survey: the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) for adults. The GTSS provides a globally implemented and consistent framework for conducting surveillance including standard sampling procedures, core questionnaire items, training in field procedures and analysis of data consistent across all GTSS countries. The GTSS also enhances the role of the nongovernmental sector by supporting participation of civil society agencies in surveillance, monitoring, and policy and program development. The synergy between countries passing tobacco control laws, regulations or decrees, ratifying and complying with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and conducting GTSS surveys offers a unique opportunity to develop, implement, and evaluate comprehensive tobacco control policy that can be helpful to each country document the development, growth, and collaboration in sustaining the GTSS. The report highlights countries’ involvement in tobacco control measures and the establishment of comprehensive tobacco control programs worldwide. This report can assist countries in prioritizing and developing tobacco control programs, including surveillance, evaluation, and policy development. (Global Health Promotion, 2009; Supp (2): pp. 04-37)

Tobacco control in China and the road to Healthy China 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guo ◽  
G. Quan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Health Organization

Healthy China 2030 aims to reduce the adult smoking rate from 27.7% in 2015 to 20% by 2030. Achieving this goal requires a review of the tobacco control measures introduced in China to date, the gaps that remain and the opportunities ahead. In 2008, the World Health Organization introduced six measures to reduce demand for tobacco called MPOWER. The progress China has made in implementing these measure varies: 1) monitor tobacco use and prevention policies. The surveillance on tobacco use has been rigorous, but the monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control policies needs to be strengthened; 2) protect people from tobacco use: pushes for national tobacco control legislation have stalled, but 18 subnational legislations have passed; 3) offer help to quit tobacco use. The accessibility and quality of cessation services needs to be improved; 4) warn about the dangers of tobacco. While there are no pictorial health warnings, tobacco control advocates have launched a series of anti-smoking media campaigns to inform the public; 5) enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. Legal loopholes and poor enforcement remain challenges; 6) raise taxes on tobacco: cigarettes in China are relatively cheap and increasingly affordable, which demonstrates the need for further tobacco tax increases indexed to inflation and income. China maintains a tobacco monopoly that interferes with tobacco control efforts and fails to regulate tobacco products from the public health perspective. Effective MPOWER measures, which depend upon the removal of tobacco industry interference from policymaking, are key to achieving the goal set by Healthy China 2030.

Global Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging: Evidence from the Canadian Experiment

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Gospodinov ◽  
Ian J. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The World ◽  
Tobacco Packaging

Abstract New health warnings on tobacco packaging in Canada became mandatory in January 2001. As of that time producers were required to print large-font warning text and graphic images describing the health consequences of using tobacco. This study uses micro data from two waves of Health Canada's Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Surveys bordering the legislation to investigate if the introduction of the warnings had any significant impacts on smokers. The recently drafted Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, under the sponsorship of the World Health Assembly, assigns a central role for this type of message. Our findings indicate that the warnings have not had a discernible impact on smoking prevalence. The evidence of their impact on quantity smoked is positive, though only at a relatively low level of confidence.

scholarly journals Implementation of tobacco control measures in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, 2008–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Monshi ◽  
Jennifer Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
National Level ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Gcc Countries

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was developed to assist nations in reducing the demand and supply of tobacco. As of 2020, 182 nations joined the FCTC, agreeing to implement the recommended tobacco control measures. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates (UAE) ratified the WHO FCTC by August 2006. Given the unique political, cultural, and religious context – and known tobacco industry efforts to influence tobacco use- in these nations, a careful examination of the translation of FCTC measures into policy is needed. This study aimed to assess the implementation of FCTC tobacco control measures at the national level within the six GCC countries. Method We collected and coded the FCTC measures that were implemented in the GCC countries. We examined trends and variations of the implementation between 2008 and 2020. Results GCC countries implemented most FCTC measures targeting the demand for and supply of tobacco, with some variation among countries. Bahrain and Qatar were more comprehensively implementing FCTC measures while Kuwait and Oman implemented the least number of the FCTC measures. Implementing measures related to tobacco prices and eliminating the illicit tobacco trade has slowly progressed in GCC countries. All GCC countries entirely banned smoking in workplaces while three countries implemented a partial ban in restaurants. Only Oman has restrictions on tobacco ads shown in media. There is progress in implementing FCTC measures related to tobacco packaging, cessation, and sale to minors in most GCC countries. Conclusions Given the influence of the tobacco industry in the Gulf region, the findings suggest a need for ongoing surveillance to monitor the proliferation of tobacco control measures and evaluate their effectiveness. Efforts required to address tobacco use should correspond to the unique political and cultural background of the GCC countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Efforts for Tobacco Control in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeje Lee ◽  
Minah Kang ◽  
Sangchul Yoon ◽  
Kee B. Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Tobacco use is one of the main public health concerns as it causes multiple diseases. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) is one of the 168 signatory countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed to adopt the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, there is lack of information regarding the tobacco use in the DPRK and the government’s efforts for tobacco control. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of tobacco use among the DPRK people and the government’s efforts to control tobacco use among its population, through literature review combined with online media content analysis. In 2020, the prevalence of tobacco smoking in males of 15 years and older was 46.1%, whereas that in females was zero. The online media contents showed the DPRK government’s stewardship to promote population health by controlling tobacco use. Furthermore, the DPRK government has taken steps to implement the mandates of the FCTC including introduction of new laws, promotion of research, development of cessation aids, as well as public health campaigns.

scholarly journals Overview on Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act and its implementation: current update

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Dhwanit Thakore ◽  
Mahesh Chavda ◽  
Girish Parmar ◽  
Tejal Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Health Goal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Public Health Goal ◽  
Almost All

Tobacco use- a major public health issue in India has an enormous effect on the lower SES population. . There is an evident link between tobacco use or consumption and poverty. The widespread use of almost all forms of tobacco among the Indian population can be attributed to the social and cultural acceptance in the country. Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 (COTPA) is the legislation that regulates tobacco in India. The prime objective of this review is to compile the literature with information about the laws regulating tobacco use and the status of implementation of tobacco control provisions covered under COTPA. Since effective tobacco control measures involve multi-stakeholders i.e public health, law, trade and commerce, industry, consumer, human rights and child development, coordinated efforts are required to successful enforcement. The outcome of the current literature is bridging the gaps to make the tobacco control a very important public health goal and thereby protect the population from the consequent morbidity and mortality due to tobacco use.

scholarly journals Assessing Insecticide Resistance in Adult Mosquitoes: Perspectives on Current Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022095279
Author(s):  
Stephanie L Richards ◽  
Brian D Byrd ◽  
Michael H Reiskind ◽  
Avian V White
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Level Training

Mosquito insecticide resistance (IR) is a growing global issue that must be addressed to protect public health. Vector control programs (VCPs) should regularly monitor local mosquito populations for IR and plan control measures accordingly. In some cases, state/federal resources financially support this testing with expertise and/or training programs. Standardization of methods (eg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay, World Health Organization tube testing, dose-mortality bioassay) for monitoring IR must be prioritized. One solution is regional hubs of IR monitoring at the state or other level. Training programs on methodology and interpretation of results should be developed and routinely offered to local VCPs conducting IR testing in mosquitoes. Here, current methods for assessing mosquito IR are discussed and insights into a variety of questions from VCPs are considered. It is critical that methods for IR monitoring and data interpretation are standardized through routine training, with the goal of evidence-driven decision making to improve control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne disease.

scholarly journals Introducing risk inequality metrics in tuberculosis policy development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gabriela M. Gomes ◽  
Juliane F. Oliveira ◽  
Adelmo Bertolde ◽  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Ethel L. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Cohort Selection ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Global stakeholders including the World Health Organization rely on predictive models for developing strategies and setting targets for tuberculosis care and control programs. Failure to account for variation in individual risk leads to substantial biases that impair data interpretation and policy decisions1,2. Anticipated impediments to estimating heterogeneity for each parameter are discouraging despite considerable technical progress in recent years. Here we identify acquisition of infection as the single process where heterogeneity most fundamentally impacts model outputs, due to cohort selection imposed by dynamic forces of infection. Individuals with higher risk of acquiring infection are predominantly affected by the pathogen, leaving the unaffected pool with those whose intrinsic risk is lower. This causes susceptibility pools to attain average risks which are lower under higher forces of infection. Interventions that modify the force of infection change the strength of selection, and therefore alter average risks in the pools which feed further incidence. Inability to account for these dynamics is what makes homogenous models unsuitable. We introduce concrete metrics to approximate risk inequality in tuberculosis, demonstrate their utility in mathematical models, and pack the information into a risk inequality coefficient which can be calculated and reported by national tuberculosis programs for use in policy development and modeling.

Gender, women, and the future of tobacco control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Alexandra Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to provide a gendered analysis of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) benchmarked upon the global commitments to women’s health and well-being in the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. It reviews evidence of the global consequences of neglecting women’s tobacco use and health, as well as analyzes persistent issues related to sex and gender that compromise the efficacy of tobacco control and science. Actionable recommendations are made to the Conference of the Parties to the FCTC and other key stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws upon empirical studies, literature reviews and global health data at the varying intersections of gender, sex, tobacco and global health. Findings The global tobacco control framework and its implementation by state governments have been largely gender blind to date with dire health and economic consequences, including inequitable positive outcomes for men compared to women, and an increase in women’s smoking with associated morbidity and mortality. Gender equitable progress in combatting the tobacco epidemic will not be possible without resolving the gender bias, stigmatization, sexism and lack of intersectionality that plague tobacco control policy, research and interventions for cessation and harm reduction. Originality/value This paper provides an updated global overview of current trends in women’s tobacco use and comprehensively details the persistent structural barriers in tobacco control and science that limit their capacity to effectively analyze and address tobacco use and its impact on women.

Research on English Writing Teaching of Tobacco Control Theme Public Welfare in Multimedia Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130
Author(s):  
Ding Zhirui ◽  
Wu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
World Health ◽  
English Writing ◽  
Multimedia Environment

Objectives: On the basis of the statistics offered by World Health Organization annually, there are about 3 million people who die from smoking. Tobacco products have been produced and advertised in a large variety of ways, although the evidence on their safety and smoking cessation benefits is uncertain. So is the electronic cigarette. Active tobacco control measures should be taken. Public service tobacco control advertising plays an important role in tobacco control. In contemporary society, multimedia network technology has been widely used in the education industry, and the combination of internet and education has been increasingly significant. Methods: This inevitability is due to the fact because the traditional teaching method can no longer meet the needs of the education, the combination of internet and education has the inevitability. In this research, we will explore the English teaching method in multimedia environment to build a new ecological system of “artificial intelligence + writing education” in English Writing Teaching of tobacco control theme public welfare in multimedia environment. The field of writing in language education is a major challenge for artificial intelligence, especially writing assessment. In traditional English writing teaching, the emphasis of score evaluation is more common, and the assessment method is relatively simple. Achievement assessment, as an important part of teaching mode, plays an increasingly important role in improving the subjective initiative and ability. In addition to the traditional methods of literature research, questionnaire survey and case analysis, the research method based on design is also adopted to help learners establish effective learning strategies by carrying out reasonable functional design according to learners’ learning needs. Results: This study will have a really important impact on the language learning of Chinese English learners, and provide a new learning environment that will be more convenient and effective for learners. Conclusion: It is a useful attempt for artificial intelligence to spread widely in the field of human knowledge transmission.

Change in tobacco use among 13-15 year olds between 1999 and 2008: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Warren ◽  
Veronica Lea ◽  
Juliette Lee ◽  
Nathan R. Jones ◽  
Samira Asma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Health Organization

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the world; yet little is known about the levels or patterns of youth tobacco use on a global basis. The purpose of this paper is to focus on change in youth tobacco use using data from 100 sites that have conducted repeat Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS). The GYTS is a school-based survey that collects data from students aged 13–15 years using a standardized methodology for constructing the sample frame, selecting schools and classes, and processing data. GYTS is conducted in school classes using self-administered anonymous data collection. The GYTS sample produces representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates for each sampling frame. Of the 100 sites surveyed, 61 reported no change over time in prevalence of cigarette smoking, likewise in 50 of the 97 sites with data on use of other tobacco products there was no change. However, 34 sites reported an increase in other tobacco use. This appears to be attributed to waterpipe, an emerging trend in tobacco use. Evidence was found supporting the idea that tobacco use among adolescent girls is likely increasing. The global tobacco control effort continues to face many challenges in reversing the tobacco epidemic. Few countries have implemented comprehensive tobacco control legislation laid out by the World Health Organization. The few countries that have adopted some of these proven policies can serve as examples in achieving positive results in curbing the tobacco epidemic. (Global Health Promotion, 2009; Supp (2): pp. 38–90)

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