scholarly journals More Than “Peasants Without Land”: Individualisation and Identity Formation of Landless Peasants in the Process of China’s State-Led Rural Urbanisation

2020 ◽  
pp. 186810262091500
Author(s):  
Isabel Heger
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Land Use Rights

In the course of state-led rural urbanisation over the past few decades, millions of Chinese peasants have been expropriated and relocated. Based on the understanding of these “landless peasants” as a heterogeneous social group connected mainly by the fact that its members had to give up their land-use rights, this article sets out to examine subsequent processes of identity formation. Drawing on Beck’s individualisation thesis, I suggest that structural and institutional changes in the process of rural modernisation have initiated a further thrust of individualisation in people’s lives which manifests not only in the objective domain of life situations but also in the subjective domain of identity. This hypothesis is substantiated through an ethnographic case study based on seven months of fieldwork (2016–2018) in Huaming Model Town in the Dongli District of Tianjin. As a first step towards conceptualising what landless peasants are becoming, I will propose to start focusing on recombinant identities and class differentiations evolving among the people.

The Local Government of Kulon Progo Regency Innovation in Subduing Capitalism through Community Empowerment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Muhammad Eko Atmojo ◽  
Helen Dian Fridayani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
District Government ◽  
The Government

Kulon Progo Regency is one of the districts that has many innovations, one of which is community empowerment in collaboration with a modern shop abbreviated as the shop name owned by the people (tomira). This research was motivated by the achievements of the Kulon Progo district government in carrying out development and innovation in the development of the Kulon Progo region by fully involving the Kulon Progo district community through community empowerment. This initiative was taken by the government of Kulon Progo Regency to improve community empowerment and protect the people of Kulon Progo Regency from various economic threats. Considering that in the past few years many modern shops have mushroomed in each district/city, so this is what makes Kulon Progo Regency move quickly to empower the community by collaborating between MSMEs or cooperative with modern shops. This study uses a qualitative method which case study approach. With the empowerment that has been done, the original products of Kulon Progo Regency or local products can be traded in modern stores so that local products in Kulon Progo Regency can compete with national products in these modern stores. The existence of such cooperation will indirectly improve the image of Kulon Progo Regency and lift the original products of Kulon Progo Regency. The lifting of the original products of Kulon Progo Regency will have a positive impact on the community, where indirectly the economy of the community will increase so that there will be prosperity for the community. Kabupaten Kulon Progo adalah salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki banyak inovasi, salah satunya adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat bekerja sama dengan toko modern disingkat nama toko yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat (tomira). Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pencapaian pemerintah kabupaten Kulon Progo dalam melakukan pengembangan dan inovasi dalam pengembangan wilayah Kulon Progo dengan melibatkan sepenuhnya masyarakat kabupaten Kulon Progo melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat. Inisiatif ini diambil oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo untuk meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan melindungi masyarakat Kabupaten Kulon Progo dari berbagai ancaman ekonomi. Menimbang bahwa dalam beberapa tahun terakhir banyak toko-toko modern telah menjamur di setiap kabupaten/kota, jadi inilah yang membuat Kabupaten Kulon Progo bergerak cepat untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dengan berkolaborasi antara UMKM atau bekerjasama dengan toko-toko modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, dengan metode yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Dengan pemberdayaan yang telah dilakukan, produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo atau produk lokal dapat diperdagangkan di toko modern sehingga produk lokal di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dapat bersaing dengan produk nasional di toko modern ini. Adanya kerjasama tersebut secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan citra Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan mengangkat produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Pencabutan produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo akan berdampak positif bagi masyarakat, di mana secara tidak langsung perekonomian masyarakat akan meningkat sehingga akan ada kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat.

‘By Small Things Revealed’

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Millett
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Things

The study of rural settlement in Roman Britain is undergoing a period of re-evaluation and change. In the past, work has focused on the individual study sites, especially villas. Now there is an increasing interest in the exploitation of whole landscapes, with an emphasis on the people who lived in them and the ways that they exploited the resources available to them. These trends are reviewed, and a case study is presented based on the author’s fieldwork in East Yorkshire. Given that the bulk of the population of Roman Britain lived in the countryside, emphasis is placed on understanding the active role of these people in creating the culture of Roman Britain.

The Mnemonic Imagination and Second-Generation Migrant Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Keightley ◽  
Michael Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Professional Photographer ◽  
Generation Migrant

Drawing on our concept of the mnemonic imagination, this chapter shows how the past is reactivated and pieced together into a relatively coherent narrative in the interests of identity and the effective management of change. In forming the synthetic hub of remembering and imagining, the mnemonic imagination is mobilized in bringing past, present, and future into meaningful correspondence. This chapter illustrates how this happens via an ethnographic case study involving Kia Kapoor, a second-generation Indian woman in her early 30s living in England, who uses her work as a professional photographer to help her negotiate her own difficult past as someone caught between two cultures. The case demonstrates mnemonic imagining at work in a particular cross-generational and cross-cultural context, taking into account how it can be thwarted by various obstacles and how, through considerable resistance and struggle, it can help overcome the consequences of radical sociocultural disruption.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DETERMINISM AND TERRITORIAL PUBLIC ACTION IN FRANCE: CHALLENGES AND EVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory BUSQUET
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Narrative ◽  
The People ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
The City

This article proposes a theoretical point of view in order to show the importance of the collective memory and the urban narrative in the strategic approach of the urban project. The capacity of a municipality to build a local narrative joining the past, the memory and the project, is examined in the second part of the article, in a case study of a collectivity confronted with the project of the Grand Paris and strong socio-spatial transformation since 1950. The conclusions of thirty deep interviews, conducted on the people involved in the city organization allow to differentiate legitimated and rejected places in the spaces of remembering, and the difficulties of this kind of municipalities to be pro active in the Grand Paris project.

scholarly journals Land-Use Dynamics in Transport-Impacted Urban Fabric: A Case Study of Martin–Vrútky, Slovakia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Jana Nozdrovická ◽  
Ivo Dostál ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Imrich Jakab ◽  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Past Conditions

The paper evaluates landscape development, land-use changes, and transport infrastructure variations in the city of Martin and the town of Vrútky, Slovakia, over the past 70 years. It focuses on analyses of the landscape structures characterizing the study area in several time periods (1949, 1970, 1993, 2003); the past conditions are then compared with the relevant current structure (2018). Special attention is paid to the evolution of the landscape elements forming the transport infrastructure. The development and progressive changes in traffic intensities are presented in view of the resulting impact on the formation of the landscape structure. The research data confirm the importance of transport as a force determining landscape changes, and they indicate that while railroad accessibility embodied a crucial factor up to the 1970s, the more recent decades were characterized by a gradual shift to road transport.

Historical and future land use and land cover changes in the Fincha watershed, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motuma Shiferaw Regasa ◽  
Michael Nones
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Field Evidence

Abstract The increasing human pressure on African regions is recognizable from land use land cover (LULC) changes maps, as derived from satellite imagery. Using the Ethiopian Fincha watershed as a case study, the present work focuses on i) identifying historical LULC change in the period 1989-2019; ii) estimating LULC in the next thirty years, combining Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with Land Change Modelling (LCM). Landsat5/8 images were combined with field evidence to map LULC in three reference years (1989, 2004, 2019), while the Multi-Layer Markov Chain (MPL-MC) model of LCM was applied to forecast LULC in 2030, 2040 and 2050. The watershed was classified into six classes: waterbody, grass/swamp, built-up, agriculture; forest and shrub. The results have shown that, in the past 30 years, the Fincha watershed experienced a reduction of forest and shrubs due to ever-increasing agricultural activities, and such a trend is also expected in the future. In addition, the decrease in areas covered by natural forests can drive to an increase in soil erosion, fostering the siltation in the water reservoirs located in the basin. The study pointed out the urgency of taking actions in the basin to counteract such changes, which can eventually drive to a less sustainable environment.

Property Rights Through Social Movements: The Case of Plantations in Kerala, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-168
Author(s):  
Deepa Kylasam Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Title Deed ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Land Use Rights

Globally, increased investor interest in land is confronting various types of political mobilisations from communities at the grassroots level. This article examines the case study of a land occupation movement called Chengara struggle in the largest corporate plantation in southern India. The movement is led by the historically dispossessed scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. The objective of the study is to understand the type of institutional transformation of property rights that the movement is calibrating. Institutional theory is used to determine the nature and direction of transformation using the framework of economic and political transaction costs. The article concludes that the central demand of the struggle for individual title deed has higher private gains for right-holders, but has overall negative gains for agricultural productivity. The article concludes that productivity-oriented demands to restructure land-use rights within plantations might converge in the land struggles of the future.

Does land-use change affect biodiversity dynamics at a macroecological scale? A case study of birds over the past 20 years in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Yamaura ◽  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
Toru Koizumi ◽  
Yasushi Mitsuda ◽  
Hisatomo Taki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
The Past

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Malcolm Crook
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Important Object

Free and fair elections, on the basis of universal suffrage, are a relatively recent achievement, their development deeply controversial, and how ordinary people voted in the past, as opposed to who they elected, has become an important object of scholarly research of late. France represents an excellent case study for exploring the history of voting on account of the long, uneven, and contested process of experimentation that was undertaken there. The sovereignty of the people, enunciated in 1789, was expressed in the frequent election of numerous representatives, at local as well as national level, while an enduring tradition of direct democracy also encouraged the use of referendums. France became an influential electoral laboratory as a result and much was demanded of its citizens as they learned to vote in some challenging circumstances. Their ensuing apprenticeship seemed to have been completed in the twentieth century, with the belated advent of a female franchise and consistently high turnout in all elections, but declining participation over the last few decades has raised serious doubts. This fascinating subject is tackled here on a thematic basis, highlighting candidatures and campaigning, as well as who could vote, how they did so and to what extent, beginning in the Ancien Régime and ending in the present day.

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