scholarly journals Recent Advances of Biologically Active Substances from the Marchantiophyta

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Asakawa
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dna Polymerase Β ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Active Substances

The Marchantiophyta (liverworts) produce a number of terpenoids, aromatic compounds and acetogenins, several of which show interesting biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, allergenic contact dermatitis, insecticide, insect antifeedant, cytotoxic, piscicidal, muscle relaxing, plant growth regulatory, anti-HIV and DNA polymerase β inhibitory, anti-obesity and neurotrophic activities. The isolation and chemical structures of the active compounds are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Biologically Active Substances on Key Indicators of the Conditions of Winter Wheat Ecocenosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zabolotnyi ◽  
Larysa Rozborska ◽  
Iryna Leontiuk ◽  
Ivan Zhilyak ◽  
Anna Datsenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Active Substances

The article deals with the study of the effect of the application of the herbicide Granstar Gold 75, w.g. (water-soluble granulate) and plant growth regulator Regoplant on some ecological indicators of ecocenosis of winter wheat sowing (lipid peroxidation reactions in winter wheat plants by the activity of malonic dialdehyde content accumulation, enzymatic activity, total number of rhizosphere bacteria and anatomical structure of winter wheat leaves). The choice of research topic is due to the fact that currently obtaining high yields of winter wheat is closely connected to the widespread use of chemicals, in particular, herbicides, which by their nature are physiologically active substances that can affect both plants and soil microbiota. This, in turn, leads to the search for environmentally safe elements of technologies for growing winter wheat. One such element may be the use of herbicides together with plant growth regulators. The obtained experimental data testify to the protective ability of the growth regulator Regoplant against the winter wheat plants, as evidenced by a decrease in the activity of malonic dialdehyde accumulation, changes in the activity of the enzymatic defense system, decrease the number of epidermis cells and an increase in total rhizosphere bacteria in case of Regoplant use together with Granstar Gold 75, w.g. compared with the experiment variants, where the herbicide was applied without a growth regulator. That is, the use of growth regulator in a mixture with herbicide to some extent eliminates the toxic effect of xenobiotics, which has a positive effect on the state of ecobiosis of winter wheat sowing.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpene lactones – occurrence and biological properties. A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA OLESIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Carbon Pathways

Sesquiterpene lactones are secondary metabolites commonly found in higher plants as well as mosses, lichens, and fungi. Currently, over 5000 of such compounds have been identified with a majority isolated from Asteraceae plants. They are characterised by different chemical structures associated with the presence of various carbon pathways and functional groups, which exert an impact on their pharmacological activity. These colourless substances are soluble in fats, alcohols, or water. They are often bitter ingredients regarded as bitter compounds. They are accumulated mainly in leaves, flower parts and seeds; less frequently, they are present in roots. Sesquiterpene lactones exhibit multidirectional biological activity: some of them have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, antiparasitic, antifungal, and bacteriostatic effects. Therefore, high hopes are placed on the medical and pharmaceutical use of these substances. Lactone compounds are also regarded as a potential source of new active substances used in agriculture to combat plant pathogens

scholarly journals Pungent and Bitter, Cytotoxic and Antiviral Terpenoids from Some Bryophytes and Inedible Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Asakawa ◽  
Fumihiro Nagashima ◽  
Toshihiro Hashimoto ◽  
Masao Toyota ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
No Production ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Anti Hiv

Most liverworts elaborate characteristic odiferous, pungent and bitter tasting compounds many of which show antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, allergenic contact dermatitis, cytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-HIV, superoxide anion radical release, plant growth regulatory, neurotrophic, NO production inhibitory, muscle relaxant, antiobesity, piscicidal and nematocidal activities. Several inedible mushrooms produce female spider pheromones, strong antioxidant, and cytotoxic compounds. The present paper is concerned with the extraction and isolation of terpenoids from some bryophytes and inedible fungi and their pungent and bitter taste, and cytotoxic and antiviral activity.

scholarly journals Kinetic Interaction of the Diphosphates of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine and Other anti-HIV Active Purine Congeners with HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Human DNA Polymerases α, β and γ

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cherrington ◽  
S. J. W. Allen ◽  
N. Bischofberger ◽  
M. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hiv Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Dna Polymerase Β ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Dna Template ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Micromolar Range

The inhibitory effects of the diphosphates of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) and its analogues on HIV reverse transcriptase and human DNA polymerases α, β, and γ have been studied. The analogues investigated are the diphosphates of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPApp), 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (PMPDAPpp), and (2R,5R)-9-[2,5-dihydro-5-(phosphonyl methoxy)-2-furanyl]adenine (D4APpp). These four compounds are much more inhibitory to HIV reverse transcriptase when an RNA template rather than a DNA template is used. The Ki, values for the four compounds range from 11 to 22 nM with an RNA template. The Ki, values for ddCTP and AZTTP are 54 nM and 8 nM, respectively. PMEApp and its analogues show varying degrees of inhibition of the human DNA polymerases. The Ki, values for PMEApp, PMPApp and PMPDAPpp against DNA polymerase α are in the micromolar range, while D4APpp is a poor inhibitor of this enzyme with a Ki, value of 65.9 μM. The inhibition of DNA polymerase β by PMEApp, PMPApp and D4APpp is minimal, while PMPDAPpp shows higher inhibition of DNA polymerase β with a Ki, value of 9.71 μM. The Ki, values for PMEApp and D4APpp against DNA polymerase γ are submicromolar, while PMPApp and PMPDAPpp are much less inhibitory to this enzyme. For comparison, ddCTP was found to be a more potent inhibitor of DNA polymerases β and γ than the diphosphates of PMEA and its analogues.

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals in the Soil and Plant Environment: a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gworek ◽  
Marta Kijeńska ◽  
Justyna Wrzosek ◽  
Magdalena Graniewska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Accumulation Coefficients

AbstractPharmaceuticals are a class of biologically active compounds used in human and veterinary medicine, while some of them may be applied for feed production and plant growth stimulation. To systemise the knowledge on pharmaceuticals in plant and soil environment, a literature review was performed. Active substances of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are typically released into the environment through agricultural application of wastewater and sewage biosolids containing pharmaceuticals, derived from wastewater discharged by households, hospitals and other medical facilities. Another, no less important, source of pharmaceutical release are natural fertilisers (manure and slurry). The fate and behaviour of pharmaceuticals in the soil, including their mobility and availability to plants, depends on the soil physical, chemical and biological properties as well as on the properties of the substance itself. Pharmaceuticals introduced into the soil are taken up and retained in various plant parts. In general, the highest accumulation coefficients have been found in vegetative plant parts, in the following decreasing order: roots> leaves> stems, while the lowest in generative parts, such as grains of cereals.

scholarly journals Are Structurally Modified Galactomannan Derivatives Biologically Active?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Maurycyo Silva Geronço ◽  
Igor Frederico da Silveira Ramos ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti da Silva Filho ◽  
Márcia dos Santos Rizzo ◽  
Alessandra Braga Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Chemical Structures

Galactomannans are versatile macromolecules with broad industrial potential. The influence of changes in the chemical structures and respective bioactivities of these polysaccharides have been extensively studied. The derivatives obtained by sulfation, complexation, and phosphorylation are the most studied biological properties in galactomannans. The derivatives obtained have shown several pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, chemopreventive, anticancer, antioxidant, chondroprotective, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and antileishmanial. Considering the relevance of these studies, we aim to provide an overview of studies that apply galactomannan modification or derivatization strategies to improve their properties for applications in the biomedical area. We identified the success of most modified galactomannans for pharmacological purposes. However, some studies found loss of bioactivity of the original polysaccharide after chemical changes to its original structures.

Chemical diversity and bioactivity of marine sponges of the genus Oceanapia: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisham S. Singh ◽  
Supriya Tilvi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Acetylenic Acids

: The marine sponges of the genus Oceanapia sp. is comprised of more than 50 species and are distributed in the seas around the tropical and subtropical regions. They are mainly found in the northern Indian oceans, Japan, and the south pacific coast. They are highly colored and known to be a rich source of various secondary metabolites, particularly, alkaloids. Several other secondary metabolites were also reported from this genus which include terpenes, sphingolipids, ceramides, cerebrosides, acetylenic acids, and thiocyanatins, etc. Many of these compounds isolated from this genus exhibited various biological properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, ichthyotoxicity and nematocidal activities. Although several secondary metabolites have been reported from this genus, a dedicated review of the chemicals and biological activities of this genus is so far lacking. Keeping this in mind this review describes the various chemical entities isolated from the sponges of the genus Oceanapia detailing their chemical structures along with their reported biological properties.

scholarly journals Benzothiazole derivatives substituted in position 2 as biologically active substances with plant growth regulation activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Šimonová ◽  
M. Henselová ◽  
P. Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Benzothiazole Derivatives ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Active Substances

Thirteen of the new synthetized 2-R substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been tested for plant growth regulatory (PGR) activity. The effect on growth elongation was studied on wheat coleoptile segments Triticum aestivum&nbsp;L. cv. Blava, and on the hypocotyl and roots in cucumber Cucumis sativum L. cv. Evita. The formation and number of adventitious roots and the length of hypocotyl in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and, the effect on the length of stem, fresh and dry mass in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Pyra were evaluated. Cytokinin activity was determined on segments of barley leaves Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jubilant on the basis of senescence inhibition and chlorophyll content. The benzothiazole derivatives were tested in the range of 10<sup>&ndash;3</sup>&ndash;10<sup>&ndash;7</sup>M concentrations, and PGR activity was compared with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 6-furfurylaminopurine. All tested derivatives showed different auxine-like effects on elongation growth of plants and the stimulative effects were found to depend on applicable concentrations. At higher concentration rates, derivatives acted as growth retardants and inhibited the length of cucumber hypocotyl and roots. The derivatives increased the formation of adventitious roots of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings, as well as stem elongation and production of fresh and dry mass of buckwheat. Cytokinin activity was confirmed in one derivate only with a significant effect on the inhibition of leaf senescence and higher chlorophyll content. The tested benzothiazole derivatives may be characterized as biologically active substances with dominant auxine-like growth promoting activity

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