scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals in the Soil and Plant Environment: a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gworek ◽  
Marta Kijeńska ◽  
Justyna Wrzosek ◽  
Magdalena Graniewska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Accumulation Coefficients

AbstractPharmaceuticals are a class of biologically active compounds used in human and veterinary medicine, while some of them may be applied for feed production and plant growth stimulation. To systemise the knowledge on pharmaceuticals in plant and soil environment, a literature review was performed. Active substances of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are typically released into the environment through agricultural application of wastewater and sewage biosolids containing pharmaceuticals, derived from wastewater discharged by households, hospitals and other medical facilities. Another, no less important, source of pharmaceutical release are natural fertilisers (manure and slurry). The fate and behaviour of pharmaceuticals in the soil, including their mobility and availability to plants, depends on the soil physical, chemical and biological properties as well as on the properties of the substance itself. Pharmaceuticals introduced into the soil are taken up and retained in various plant parts. In general, the highest accumulation coefficients have been found in vegetative plant parts, in the following decreasing order: roots> leaves> stems, while the lowest in generative parts, such as grains of cereals.

scholarly journals PHYTOTOXICITY OF STALE CYANIDATION WASTES OF POLYMETALLIC ORES IN AREAS OF ACCUMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. S. Artamonova ◽  
◽  
S. B. Bortnikova ◽  
A. A. Opleuchin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Active Substances

The results of studies of phytotoxicity of stale cyanidation wastes of gold-containing ores and adjacent soils on the territory of accumulated environmental damage are presented. It is established that they are viable for oats sown only in the upper part of the old dump, but the morphometric indicators of roots and sprouts show the effect of inhibition; mustard detects a fatal outcome in all samples. The soil environment showed inhibition of roots, espe-cially mustard, but the sprouts were higher in mustard. The total weight of oat sprouts and roots exceeded that of mustard by 2-3 times. It is shown that stale dumps are life-sustaining, they contain life-sustaining toxobacteria that differ from soil inhabitants. The growth strategy of the bacterium is aimed at rapid reproduction of cells, but in the future they quickly lose their mobility and ability to reproduce. This limits their participation in the replenishment of the habitat with biogenic nitrogen and biologically active substances. In the studied waste and soils, a similar set of toxicants was present in an amount exceeding their Clarks in the earth's crust. To reduce phytotoxicity during the planning of dumps and chemical reclamation of the technogenic surface. This will increase the plant viability, sid-eration efficiency, accelerate the formation of biogenicity in the root layer, accelerate the blackening of the techno-genic surface, and reduce the migration of ecotoxicants.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEED PRODUCTION FOR FUR ANIMALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Iegorov ◽  
A. Makarynska ◽  
О. Voietska ◽  
O. Tsiundyk
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Fur Animals ◽  
Active Substances

The article considers the species of fur animals bred in Ukraine. The volumes of fur production and the number of animal farms in the world and Ukraine are analyzed, of which Denmark, China and Poland are in the top three. The share in the total volume of fur production in Ukraine is only 1%. Domestic enterprises for breeding fur animals, which keep about 700 thousand minks in industrial conditions, are considered.The structure of the gastrointestinal tract of carnivorous and herbivorous fur animals, their consumption of nutrients and biologically active substances in feed were analyzed. Features of feeding fur animals are determined by the seasonality of vital functions, which determines changes in metabolism and nutritional value of feed. The importance of access to fresh drinking water in the diets of carnivorous fur animals is considered.The necessity of production of compound feeds for fur animals, which meet the norms of feeding and restrictions on the introduction of components, is substantiated.The need of fur-bearing animals in nutrients and biologically active substances for the production of high-quality nutritious compound feeds, for obtaining high-quality shine and density of fur, better digestibility by the body is shown. The ratios of digestible nutrients in the diets of minks of domestic and Scandinavian breeds are given, the percentage of metabolic energy in different feeding periods is given. The low percentage of compound feed production for fur farming is substantiated.Types of compound feeds and their advantages are presented. Technological methods of production of compound feeds for fur animals such as extrusion, expansion and granulation with the introduction of fat into the press granulator are analyzed. Finished feed should be solid and have a granule size of 4.5… 5 mm for grinding cutters, with high nutritional properties and biological value, and improved sanitation. Thanks to modern technologies, harmful microflora is disinfected and shelf life is increased.The state of domestic feed mills for the production of quality feed for fur animals is analyzed. Thanks to the emergence of new recipes and compliance with feeding standards, the technology of compound feed production for fur farming is being improved.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Biologically Active Substances from the Marchantiophyta

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Asakawa
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dna Polymerase Β ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Active Substances

The Marchantiophyta (liverworts) produce a number of terpenoids, aromatic compounds and acetogenins, several of which show interesting biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, allergenic contact dermatitis, insecticide, insect antifeedant, cytotoxic, piscicidal, muscle relaxing, plant growth regulatory, anti-HIV and DNA polymerase β inhibitory, anti-obesity and neurotrophic activities. The isolation and chemical structures of the active compounds are discussed.

scholarly journals CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION FOR SALMONIDAE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
B. Iegorov ◽  
L. Fihurska ◽  
O. Tsiundyk ◽  
Y. Morozovska
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The State ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Substances

The article considers the benefits of growing salmon fish in ponds, pools, cages, as well as in lakes and reservoirs in comparison with natural conditions. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48 %, and in Ukraine is about 7 %. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48%, and in Ukraine it is about 7%. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The relevance of salmon fish breeding is substantiated, it allows for a relatively short period of time (up to 2 years) to obtain fish with a market weight of up to 3.0 kg The state of salmon cultivation in Ukraine is considered, about 1,500 tons of salmon are marketed annually. The need for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish in relation to natural feed is substantiated. Compound feed expenses per 1 kg of salmon fish mass increase in relation to wild fish feed expenses are presented. The need for salmon fishes for nutrients and biologically active substances for the manufacture of nutritious compound feeds, due to the production of high quality salmon, is presented. The types of compound feeds, their advantages and saving of feeding are presented. Technological methods for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish are analyzed, such as dry or wet granulation, extrusion, briquetting, compound feed production by knurling, microencapsulation of granules and paste-like compound feeds. Ready-made feed should be balanced, waterresistant, have reduced fragility, feed costs for fish growth should be minimal and have increased fish productivity. All types of feed should be completely eaten by fish, absorbed as much as possible, not secrete dyes, not lead to liver obesity, provide fish with a balanced amount of nutritious and biologically active substances. The state of domestic feed mills for the production of high-quality feed for salmon fish is analyzed. Because of it, in order to the advent of new recipes and methods of feeding, the technology for the production of animal feed for these fish species is being improved.

scholarly journals Effect of the Chloro-Substitution on Electrochemical and Optical Properties of New Carbazole Dyes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3091
Author(s):  
Przemysław Krawczyk ◽  
Beata Jędrzejewska ◽  
Klaudia Seklecka ◽  
Joanna Cytarska ◽  
Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Active Substances

Carbazole derivatives are the structural key of many biologically active substances, including naturally occurring and synthetic ones. Three novel (E)-2-(2-(4-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzylidene)hydrazinyl)triazole dyes were synthesized with different numbers of chlorine substituents attached at different locations. The presented research has shown the influence of the number and position of attachment of chlorine substituents on electrochemical, optical, nonlinear, and biological properties. The study also included the analysis of the use of the presented derivatives as potential fluorescent probes for in vivo and in vitro tests. Quantum-chemical calculations complement the conducted experiments.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF PROPOLIS ON BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD AND MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF INTESTINE OF YOUNG PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Nikolay Gaponov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

This paper presents the results of experimental studies the influence of biologically active substances of propolis on micromorphometric parameters of the ileum in young pigs. The results of the experiment make it possible to ascertain a change in the functional activity of the studied organ after the use of the drug from propolis. Since the most active process of absorption of monomeric hydrolysis products, especially amino acids and carboxylic acids, occurs in the ileum. Hydrolysis of intermediate products to monomers and preparation of the transition to absorption is carried out by enzymes fixed on the intestinal cell membranes. And the level of bioconversion of feed and retention of nutrients depends on their shape and structure, which ultimately affects the payment for feed with products. Therefore, the study of the histology of the small intestine and especially the ileum is of great importance. So, as a result of the study, it was found that the most characteristic histological changes in the structural components of the intestinal wall are observed in young animals of the experimental groups. The thickness of the main lamina of the mucous membrane of the ileum in piglets in the control group is 308.28 ± 2.81 µm, in piglets in the experimental group – 255.49 ± 0.75 µm. The height of the villi of the ileum, in the animals of the control group, is significantly lower and amounts to 193.89 ± 2.66 µm versus 280.97 ± 3.37 µm in the experimental group. Similar changes are observed in young animals of the older age group. The height of intestinal villi in pigs of the experimental group significantly exceeds the indicator of the control group and is 256.89 ± 1.62 µm and 163.96 ± 0.61 µm, respectively. The muscle plate of the intestinal mucosa of the pigs in the experimental group is significantly thicker than the control and is 17.8 ± 0.2 μm and 8.89 ± 0.08 μm, respectively. The obtained experimental material substantially supplements the information on the biological properties of propolis preparations. In practical veterinary medicine, research results can be taken into account when prescribing propolis for medicinal and prophylactic purposes. Since histological analysis of intestinal sections did not reveal destructive or pathological changes in any of the compared groups. In feeding, using the obtained practical material, we can specify the stimulating effect of the propolis preparation to intensify the growth of animals depending on the age of the pigs.

scholarly journals Use of phytobiotics in animal husbandry and poultry

2020 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pashtetsky ◽  
Pavel Ostapchuk ◽  
Tatiana Kuevda ◽  
Denis Zubochenko ◽  
Sergey Yemelianov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Plant Components

Scientists working in the field of animal nutrition have recently begun to pay more attention to biologically active substances contained in plants-phytobiotics. Their complex study (composition, effect on the body) is carried out only in the last 20-30 years. It was found that the use of plant components in animal husbandry (plant parts, essential oils, extracts) was accompanied by an increase in feed conversion, an overall improvement in production indicators, and an immunostimulatory effect.

PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PRODUCTION OF PET FOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
О. Voietska ◽  
T. Bordun ◽  
О. Tsiundyk
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Ability To Drive ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents data on the population of dogs and cats in European countries for 2018, countries with a high number of animals per capita. On the basis of the conducted scientific research, the composition of compound pet food, the needs of domestic animals for nutrient and biologically active substances, their content in recipes and the calculation of compound feed recipes are analyzed. The features of technological processes for the production of extruded pet food are determined and their characteristics are given. A technology has been developed for the production of dry pet food, which makes it possible in private enterprises to ensure the production of domestic competitive in the market complete pet food, depending on their breed, age, and physiological condition. A line for the production of dry compound feeds for dogs with a productivity of 1...3 t/h with the possibility of producing up to 20 tons of finished compound feed per month has been developed. To organize production, a production manufacture, a raw material warehouse, a finished product warehouse, a utility room, and the ability to drive vehicles into the raw materials storage and unload them are necessary. To service the feed production line, two specialists are needed - a technologist and an operator for servicing the extruder and expander, as well as a worker who is responsible for the preparation of components and packaging of finished products. To implement the project, technological equipment is needed: a hammer mill, air conditioning, extruder, hopper scales, mixer, expander, dryer, cooler, device for spraying on the surface of the liquid components. The main stages of production include intake, unloading and refining of raw materials; grinding grain components in the same fraction; extruding and cooling grain components; grinding extruded grain components; weighting of feed components; mixing the components to a homogeneous mixture; conditioning; expansion of bulk feed; drying; size control of finished products; spraying on the surface of the liquid components; cooling; feed packaging

scholarly journals Polyphenol and antioxidant activity of focus algae extracts from Faksafloi Bay (Irminger Sea) and Zavalishin Bay (Barents Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
L.V. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
E.D. Obluchinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Irminger Sea ◽  
Active Substances

In the coastal waters of the Arctic, the most common species of Fucoids are Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus spiralis, and Ascophyllum nodosum. It was reported that bioactive compounds present in brown algae (such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, etc.) have a variety of biological properties: antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anticoagulant, etc. Extraction of biologically active substances from macroalgae in order to obtain products with the necessary properties is based on several factors: the chemical composition of the raw material, which depends on the conditions of the collection sites, as well as the nature of the solvent, the extraction method, etc. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of extracts from three Fucaceae family species collected on the coast of the Barents Sea and the Irminger Sea (West Iceland) for polyphenol content. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also determined by reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It was shown that the content of polyphenols in extracts depends on the places of collection of algae, and their antioxidant activity does not differ significantly, which suggests the presence of other antioxidants in the extracts.

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