scholarly journals Essential Oils as Potential Alternative Biocontrol Products against Plant Pathogens and Weeds: A Review

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Raveau ◽  
Joël Fontaine ◽  
Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Wide Range

Naturally produced by aromatic plants, essential oils (EO) contain a wide range of volatile molecules, including mostly secondary metabolites, which possess several biological activities. Essential oils properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are known for a long time and hence widely used in traditional medicines, cosmetics and food industries. However, despite their effects against many phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria as well as weeds, their use in agriculture remains surprisingly scarce. The purpose of the present review is to gather and discuss up-to-date biological activities of EO against weeds, plant pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, reported in the scientific literature. Innovative methods, potentially valuable to improve the efficiency and reliability of EO, have been investigated. In particular, their use towards a more sustainable agriculture has been discussed, aiming at encouraging the use of alternative products to substitute synthetic pesticides to control weeds and plant diseases, without significantly affecting crop yields. An overview of the market and the recent advances on the regulation of these products as well as future challenges to promote their development and wider use in disease management programs is described. Because of several recent reviews on EO insecticidal properties, this topic is not covered in the present review.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Pinus patula

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Amri ◽  
Hamrouni Lamia ◽  
Samia Gargouri ◽  
Mohsen Hanana ◽  
Mariem Mahfoudhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pinus Patula ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Total Oil

Essential oils isolated from needles of Pinus patula by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-eight compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the total oil. The oil was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (62.4%), particularly α-pinene (35.2%) and β-phellandrene (19.5%). The in vitro antifungal assay showed that P. patula oil significantly inhibited the growth of 9 plant pathogenic fungi. The oil, when tested on Sinapis arvensis, Lolium rigidum, Phalaris canariensis and Trifolium campestre, completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all species. Our preliminary results showed that P. patula essential oil could be valorized for the control of weeds and fungal plant diseases.

scholarly journals Diversity and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi at Al-Qassim Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Nahla Tharwat Elazab
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Wide Range

In recent year’s endophytic fungi has become a major concern on their host plants by enhancing their growth, increasing their fitness, strengthening their tolerances to abiotic and biotic stresses, and promoting their accumulation of secondary metabolites. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a wide range of flora which may be a rich source of endophytic fungi so that, the present study involves diversity and bioactivity of the endophytic fungal community in Al-Qassim region from 15 wild plants 162 isolates were obtained and identified. Among them, the most common isolates were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ochraceous and Trichoderma viride, these four endophytic isolates were examined for its antagonistic effect against six phytopathogenic fungi using two different assays, Dual-culture and Culture filtrate. Trichoderma viride recorded the most significant growth inhibition of almost pathogenic fungi followed by the three endophytic Aspergillus spp. In addition, these four endophytic fungi were screened for the production of some extracellular enzymes such as protease, cellulose, amylase, pectinase and xylanase. Our results show the ability of these isolates to produce these extracellular enzymes so this indicated the possible role of endophytic fungi as a biocontrol agent of plant disease.

scholarly journals The Pattern and Function of DNA Methylation in Fungal Plant Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang He ◽  
Zhanquan Zhang ◽  
Boqiang Li ◽  
Shiping Tian
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range

To successfully infect plants and trigger disease, fungal plant pathogens use various strategies that are dependent on characteristics of their biology and genomes. Although pathogenic fungi are different from animals and plants in the genomic heritability, sequence feature, and epigenetic modification, an increasing number of phytopathogenic fungi have been demonstrated to share DNA methyltransferases (MTases) responsible for DNA methylation with animals and plants. Fungal plant pathogens predominantly possess four types of DNA MTase homologs, including DIM-2, DNMT1, DNMT5, and RID. Numerous studies have indicated that DNA methylation in phytopathogenic fungi mainly distributes in transposable elements (TEs), gene promoter regions, and the repetitive DNA sequences. As an important and heritable epigenetic modification, DNA methylation is associated with silencing of gene expression and transposon, and it is responsible for a wide range of biological phenomena in fungi. This review highlights the relevant reports and insights into the important roles of DNA methylation in the modulation of development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of fungal plant pathogens. Recent evidences prove that there are massive links between DNA and histone methylation in fungi, and they commonly regulate fungal development and mycotoxin biosynthesis.

A Brief Review on the Development of Novel Potentially Active Azetidin-2-ones Against Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia S. da Silveira Pinto ◽  
Thatyana R. Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
Claudia Regina B. Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinícius N. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) and its derivatives are an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant. Efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. The present review aimed to highlight some recent discoveries (2013-2019) on the development of novel azetidin-2-one-based compounds as potential anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Double Gamers—Can Modified Natural Regulators of Higher Plants Act as Antagonists against Phytopathogens? The Case of Jasmonic Acid Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8681
Author(s):  
Nicolò Orsoni ◽  
Francesca Degola ◽  
Luca Nerva ◽  
Franco Bisceglie ◽  
Giorgio Spadola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Horticultural Crops

As key players in biotic stress response of plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives cover a specific and prominent role in pathogens-mediated signaling and hence are promising candidates for a sustainable management of phytopathogenic fungi. Recently, JA directed antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens has been suggested, supporting the theory of oxylipins as double gamers in plant-pathogen interaction. Based on these premises, six derivatives (dihydrojasmone and cis-jasmone, two thiosemicarbazonic derivatives and their corresponding complexes with copper) have been evaluated against 13 fungal species affecting various economically important herbaceous and woody crops, such as cereals, grapes and horticultural crops: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium poae, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae,F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia spp. and Verticillium dahliae. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed in terms of growth inhibition and, for the two mycotoxigenic species A. flavus and F. sporotrichioides, also in terms of toxin containment. As expected, the inhibitory effect of molecules greatly varied amongst both genera and species; cis-jasmone thiosemicarbazone in particular has shown the wider range of effectiveness. However, our results show that thiosemicarbazones derivatives are more effective than the parent ketones in limiting fungal growth and mycotoxins production, supporting possible applications for the control of pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Chemistry and Biology of Essential Oils of GenusBoswellia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽  
Javid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Explicit Consideration

The properties ofBoswelliaplants have been exploited for millennia in the traditional medicines of Africa, China, and especially in the Indian Ayurveda. In Western countries, the advent of synthetic drugs has obscured the pharmaceutical use ofBoswellia, until it was reported that an ethanolic extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Frankincense was commonly used for medicinal purposes. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverseBoswelliaspecies. Altogether, more than 340 volatiles inBoswelliahave been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties ofBoswellia. A detailed discussion of the various biological activities ofBoswelliafrankincense is also presented.

Review on pharmacological and phytochemical prospects of traditional medicinal plant: Persicaria hydropiper (Smartweed)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Ashfaq Ur Rehman ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Different Parts

: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (family Polygonacea), commonly known as Polygonum hydropiper, is a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The plant is indigenous to the tropical northern hemisphere and temperate zone including China, Bangladesh, India, and Japan. The plant is used in folk medicine for numerous ailments such as hemorrhoids, antifertility, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Its medicinal usage in Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and other traditional medicine is well-recognized. So far, a wide range of active phytochemicals of this plant has been identified, such as flavonoids, sulphated flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarin, simple phenolics, and others. Pharmacological data reported in the literature suggest that various parts of P. hydropiper exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and antifertility effects. The present review aim is to compile the coherently document research on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and biological activities of P. hydropiper from different parts of the globe.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of essential oils on pathogenic fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Aparecida do Couto ◽  
Felipe Da Silva Dias ◽  
Mírian Lobo Sáber
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cymbopogon Winterianus ◽  
Callistemon Viminalis ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
Citronella Grass ◽  
Mycelial Development

Since the induction of chemical defensives in agriculture, human beings have suffered from our own actions, caused by the indiscriminate and abusive use of those substances; therefore, researches have been motivated to look for alternative ways, aiming to use plant inputs to control pathogenic agents in agriculture. As the essential oils from the species Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Callistemon viminalis (weeping bottlebrush), Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella grass) and Tetradeniariparia (misty plume bush) have proved effectiveness and an immense applicability, this research studied the use of those essential oils, aiming the effectiveness against plant pathogens. The plants were collected from Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre (MG). The fungi’s samples belong to the mycology collection from the institution and the tests were based on the mycelial development comparison of the control fungi on the dishes with essential oils. Notice that the inhibition caused by the oils over fungi’s mycelial developing and the analysis of the data have been made through Turkey’s statistic. From the data analyzed, it was possible to realize that the citronella’s grass essential oil was efficient to control the mycelial development of fungi analyzed, followed by, in order of efficiency, the eucalyptus oil, the weeping bottlebrush oil and the misty plume bush oil.

scholarly journals Fungal Pathogens Affecting the Production and Quality of Medical Cannabis in Israel

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Shachar Jerushalmi ◽  
Marcel Maymon ◽  
Aviv Dombrovsky ◽  
Stanley Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Cultivation

The use of and research on medical cannabis (MC) is becoming more common, yet there are still many challenges regarding plant diseases of this crop. For example, there is a lack of formal and professional knowledge regarding fungi that infect MC plants, and practical and effective methods for managing the casual agents of disease are limited. The purpose of this study was to identify foliar, stem, and soilborne pathogens affecting MC under commercial cultivation in Israel. The predominant major foliage pathogens were identified as Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, while the common stem and soilborne pathogens were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. Other important fungi that were isolated from foliage were those producing various mycotoxins that can directly harm patients, such as Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. The sampling and characterization of potential pathogenic fungi were conducted from infected MC plant parts that exhibited various disease symptoms. Koch postulates were conducted by inoculating healthy MC tissues and intact plants with fungi isolated from infected commercially cultivated symptomatic plants. In this study, we report on the major and most common plant pathogens of MC found in Israel, and determine the seasonal outbreak of each fungus.

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