scholarly journals Carotenoid Composition of Cionosicyos macranthus Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Murillo ◽  
Moises Watts ◽  
Gabriel Reyna ◽  
Daniele Giuffrida ◽  
Armando A. Durant-Archibold
Keyword(s):  
Provitamin A ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Complete Determination ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Edible Parts

A complete determination of the carotenoid composition of the edible aril and mesocarp of Cionosicyos macranthus fruit is reported for the first time. The carotenoids present in the fruit were identified and quantified using high-purity carotenoid standards. The fruit contained several rare carotenoids like zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and cryptocapsin epoxides. Various keto-κ end-ring carotenoids, derivatives of their corresponding epoxides, ie cryptocapsin, capsanthin, capsanthin 5,6-epoxide, and capsoneoxanthin, were also identified. The total carotenoid contents for the aril and mesocarp were 226.0 μg/g and 83.4 µg/g, respectively. β-Cryptoxanthin was the most abundant carotenoid in both edible parts (58.3 μg/g in the aril and 29.5 μg/g in the mesocarp). Cryptocapsin was the primary keto-κ end-ring carotenoid both in the aril (41.6 μg/g) and in the mesocarp (13.2 μg/g). The fruit provitamin A activity was also determined. Considering the high β-cryptoxanthin and cryptocapsin contents, C. macranthus can be considered a good source of provitamin A carotenoids.

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

Application of a Validated Method for the Determination of Provitamin A Carotenoids in Indonesian Foods of Different Maturity and Origin

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. M. Hulshof ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Peter van de Bovenkamp ◽  
Muhilal ◽  
Clive E. West
Keyword(s):  
Provitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cardinault ◽  
B. Lyan ◽  
M. Doreau ◽  
B. Chauveau ◽  
E. Rock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
In Series ◽  
First Time ◽  
Β Carotene

Due to the limited interest in carotenoids in ruminant diets until recently, analyses of forages are often incomplete, focusing mainly on β-carotene and lutein. Carotenoid composition of green forage from middle mountain meadow was analyzed by HPLC after extraction and elimination of chlorophylls by mild saponification. This method of analysis uses two C18 columns in series with a quaternary gradient system. Our method allowed, for the first time, the identification and quantification of several xanthophylls other than lutein (i.e., violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, epilutein) in chlorophyll-free extracts from carotenoid-rich forage. The intra-day (3.5–7.5 %) and inter-day (1.2–3.5 %) coefficients of variation are suitable for routine determination of carotenoids in green forage. This method could also be used in metabolic studies of these micronutrients in ruminants. Key words: Xanthophylls, carotenoids, fresh forage, HPLC

A Specific Method for the Determination of Provitamin A Carotenoids in Orange Juice

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K Reeder ◽  
Gary L Park
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract A method has been developed for rapidly determining the amounts of ∝-carotene, β-carotene, and cryptoxanthin in orange juice. The procedure includes extraction, saponification, and high-speed liquid chromatography. Limits of detection for the 3 carotenoids are 0.04, 0.02, and 0.04 μg/ml, respectively.

Determination of Carotenoids in Yellow Maize, the Effects of Saponification and Food Preparations

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzhingi ◽  
Yeum ◽  
Russell ◽  
Johnson ◽  
Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
C30 Column ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Food Consumed

Maize is an important staple food consumed by millions of people in many countries. Yellow maize naturally contains carotenoids which not only provide provitamin A carotenoids but also xanthophylls, which are known to be important for eye health. This study was aimed at 1) evaluating the effect of saponification during extraction of yellow maize carotenoids, 2) determining the major carotenoids in 36 genotypes of yellow maize by high-performance liquid chromatography with a C30 column, and 3) determining the effect of cooking on the carotenoid content of yellow maize. The major carotenoids in yellow maize were identified as all-trans lutein, cis-isomers of lutein, all-trans zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, all-trans β-carotene, 9-cis β-carotene, and 13-cis β-carotene. Our results indicated that carotenoid extraction without saponification showed a significantly higher yield than that obtained using saponification. Results of the current study indicate that yellow maize is a good source of provitamin A carotenoids and xanthophylls. Cooking by boiling yellow maize at 100° C for 30 minutes increased the carotenoid concentration, while baking at 450° F for 25 minutes decreased the carotenoid concentrations by almost 70% as compared to the uncooked yellow maize flour.

scholarly journals Multi-strategy engineering greatly enhances provitamin A carotenoid accumulation and stability in Arabidopsis seeds

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhu Sun ◽  
Qinlong Zhu ◽  
Ziqing Wei ◽  
Lauren A. Owens ◽  
Tara Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractStaple grains with low levels of provitamin A carotenoids contribute to the global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and therefore are the main targets for provitamin A biofortification. However, carotenoid stability during both seed maturation and postharvest storage is a serious concern for the full benefits of carotenoid biofortified grains. In this study, we utilized Arabidopsis as a model to establish carotenoid biofortification strategies in seeds. We discovered that manipulation of carotenoid biosynthetic activity by seed-specific expression of Phytoene synthase (PSY) increases both provitamin A and total carotenoid levels but the increased carotenoids are prone to degradation during seed maturation and storage, consistent with previous studies of provitamin A biofortified grains. In contrast, stacking with Orange (ORHis), a gene that initiates chromoplast biogenesis, dramatically enhances provitamin A and total carotenoid content and stability. Up to 65- and 10-fold increases of β-carotene and total carotenoids, respectively, with provitamin A carotenoids composing over 63% were observed in the seeds containing ORHis and PSY. Co-expression of Homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) with ORHis and PSY further increases carotenoid accumulation and stability during seed maturation and storage. Moreover, knocking-out of β-carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2) by CRISPR/Cas9 not only potentially facilitates β-carotene accumulation but also minimizes the negative effect of carotenoid over production on seed germination. Our findings provide new insights into various processes on carotenoid accumulation and stability in seeds and establish a multiplexed strategy to simultaneously target carotenoid biosynthesis, turnover, and stable storage for carotenoid biofortification in crop seeds.

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Provitamin A in Orange Juice

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A quantitative method has been developed for the determination of α- and β-carotenes and β-cryptoxanthin, the provitamin A carotenoids in orange juice. The carotenoids were separated by high performance liquid chromatography on a single column in approximately 30 min. The procedure may also be used to measure zeta-carotene and α-cryptoxanthin.

scholarly journals Orange Flesh Trait in Potato: Inheritance and Carotenoid Content

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Brown ◽  
C.G. Edwards ◽  
C.-P. Yang ◽  
B.B. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Solanum Stenotomum ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenoid Composition

Potatoes with orange flesh were found in cultivated diploid (2n = 24) potato populations derived from Solanum stenotomum Juz. et Buk. and S.phureja Juz. et Buk. The orange flesh trait was found to be controlled by an allele at the Y- locus designated Or. Or is dominant over Y and y, which control yellow and white flesh, respectively. In a comparison of white and orange flesh segregants from crosses, the orange was associated with large amounts of zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll previously not reported as a constituent of potato flesh carotenoids. The combined total of lutein and zeaxanthin was four times higher than the highest carotenoid composition previously reported for potato, this is about one-sixth the total carotenoid content of carrot with standard carotenoid levels, although lutein and zeaxanthin do not possess provitamin A activity.

scholarly journals Determination of Nanogram Quantities of Emodin in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biofluids by Luminol-Myoglobin Chemiluminescence System

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Xili He ◽  
Zhenghua Song
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Quenching Effect ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Complete Determination ◽  
Flow Injection Chemiluminescence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nanogram Level ◽  
Sensitive Method

Based on the quenching effect of emodin on the luminol-myoglobin (Mb) reaction, a sensitive method for the determination of nanogram level emodin by flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) is presented for the first time. It was found that the CL intensity from luminol-Mb system could be inhibited in the presence of emodin, and the decrement of CL intensity was linearly proportional to the logarithm of emodin concentration in the range of 0.5– (R= 0.9956) with the detection limit of (3σ). At a flow rate of , a complete determination of emodin, including sampling and washing, could be accomplished in 0.5 min with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 3.5% (n= 5). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of emodin in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum samples. The possible CL mechanism of luminol-Mb-emodin reaction was explained.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

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