scholarly journals Sport-Specific Associations of Specialization and Sex With Overuse Injury in Youth Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Kevin M. Biese ◽  
Daniel A. Schaefer ◽  
Andrew M. Watson ◽  
Timothy A. McGuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
School Year ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Significant evidence has emerged that sport specialization is associated with an increased risk of overuse injury in youth athletes. Several recommendations exist to reduce the risk of overuse injury in youth sports, but the risk of overuse injuries may be dependent on specific movements required by a given sport. Hypotheses: Associations between specialized sport participation and overuse injury will exist in volleyball athletes but not soccer or basketball athletes. Female athletes will be more likely to report an overuse injury in the previous year, regardless of sport. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Youth athletes between the ages of 12 and 18 years were recruited in-person at club team tournaments, competitions, and events around the state of Wisconsin during the 2016-2017 school year. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that consisted of (1) participant demographics, (2) sport specialization status, (3) monthly and weekly sport volume, and (4) sport-related injury history in the previous year. Results: A total of 716 youth athletes completed the questionnaire (70.8% female; mean age, 14.21 ± 1.50 years; 43.2% basketball, 19.4% soccer, 37.4% volleyball; 41.8% highly specialized; 32.3% reported overuse injury in the previous year). Sex was associated with overuse injury among basketball athletes, with female basketball athletes nearly 4 times more likely to report an overuse injury compared with male basketball athletes (odds ratio, [OR], 3.7; 95% CI, 2.1-6.6; P < 0.001). High specialization (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9; P = 0.02) and participating in a single sport for more than 8 months per year (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5; P < 0.05) were associated with overuse injury only among volleyball athletes. Conclusion: Specialization and exceeding 8 months per year in a single sport was associated with overuse injury in volleyball, which is one of the most popular youth sports for female athletes. Specialization was not associated with overuse injury in basketball or soccer athletes. Female basketball athletes were nearly 4 times more likely to report a history of overuse injury compared with male basketball athletes. The sex of a youth athlete and the sport that he or she plays may influence the risk of overuse injury associated with sport specialization. Clinical Relevance: Youth athletes, parents, and clinicians should be aware that the potential risks of specialization might vary based on the athlete’s sport and sex.

The Association of Sport Specialization and Training Volume With Injury History in Youth Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Stephanie M. Trigsted ◽  
Jeremy W. Riekena ◽  
Scott Hetzel ◽  
Timothy A. McGuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training ◽  
Control Study

Background: Recommendations exist to encourage safe youth participation in sport. These recommendations include not specializing in 1 sport, limiting participation to less than 8 months per year, and limiting participation to fewer hours per week than a child’s age. However, limited evidence exists to support or refute these recommendations. Hypothesis: High levels of specialization will be associated with a history of injuries and especially overuse injuries, independent of age, sex, or weekly sport training hours. Athletes who exceed current sport volume recommendations will be more likely to have a history of injuries and overuse injuries. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Youth athletes (n = 2011; 989 female and 1022 male; 12-18 years of age) completed a questionnaire regarding their specialization status, yearly and weekly sport participation volume, and injury history. Specialization was classified as low, moderate, or high using a previously utilized 3-point scale. Athletes were classified into groups based on either meeting or exceeding current volume recommendations (months per year and hours per week). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated to investigate associations of specialization and volume of participation with a history of sport-related injuries in the past year ( P ≤ .05). Results: Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report a previous injury of any kind ( P < .001; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.26-2.02) or an overuse injury ( P = .011; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.07-1.99) in the previous year compared with athletes in the low specialization group. Athletes who played their primary sport more than 8 months of the year were more likely to report an upper extremity overuse injury ( P = .04; OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.06-2.80) or a lower extremity overuse injury ( P = .001; OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.22-2.30). Athletes who participated in their primary sport for more hours per week than their age (ie, a 16-year-old athlete who participated in his or her primary sport for more than 16 h/wk) were more likely to report an injury of any type ( P = .001; OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.61) in the previous year. Conclusion: High levels of specialization were associated with a history of injuries, independent of age, sex, and weekly organized sport volume. Athletes who exceeded volume recommendations were more likely to have a history of overuse injuries. Clinical Relevance: Parents and youth athletes should be aware of the risks of specialization and excessive sport volume to maximize safe sport participation.

scholarly journals Differences in Lower Extremity Movement Quality by Level of Sport Specialization in Cadets Entering a United States Service Academy

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812199409
Author(s):  
CPT Connor B. Venrick ◽  
Story F. Miraldi ◽  
Lindsay J. DiStefano ◽  
Karen Y. Peck ◽  
LTC Matthew A. Posner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Movement Quality ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Service Academy ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: Sport specialization in youth athletes is associated with increased risk for musculoskeletal injury; however, little is known about whether sport specialization is associated with lower extremity movement quality. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in lower extremity movement quality by level of sport specialization in US Service Academy cadets. Hypothesis: Cadets who report an increased level of sport specialization would have a lower level of movement quality than those who are less specialized. Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis from an ongoing prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Cadets completed the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and a baseline questionnaire evaluating level of sport specialization during high school. Data were analyzed using separate 1-way analysis of variance models. Results: Among all participants (n = 1950), 1045 (53.6%) reported low sport specialization, 600 (30.8%) reported moderate sport specialization, and 305 (15.6%) reported high sport specialization at the time of data collection during the first week. Ages ranged from 17 to 23 years. Men (1491) and women (459) reported comparable specialization levels ( P = 0.45). There were no statistically significant differences in lower extremity movement quality by level of specialization for all subjects combined ( P = 0.15) or when only men were included in the analyses ( P = 0.69). However, there were statistically significant differences in movement quality by level of specialization in women ( P = 0.02). Moderately specialized women had the best movement quality (mean, 4.63; SD, 2.21) followed by those with high specialization (mean, 4.90; SD, 2.08) and those with low levels of specialization (mean, 5.23; SD, 2.07). Conclusion: Women reporting moderate sport specialization had improved movement quality and significantly better LESS scores compared to those with high/low specialization. Clinical Relevance: Athletes, especially women, should be encouraged to avoid early sport specialization to optimize movement quality, which may affect injury risk.

Physical Activity (PA) of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medical Students: Is Clinical Medical Student Less Physically Active than Pre-Clinical Medical Student?

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1895-1901
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
School Year ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: An increase of sedentary behavior was observed in each year especially in clinical year. This accounts for a decrease in physical activities (PAs) of medical students, which could lead to reduced overall health and physical performance. Objective: To compare the levels of PA between pre-clinical and clinical medical students of Mae Fah Luang University (MFU) and to explored association between the levels of PA and school year. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and August 2019. Online questionnaire, including personal profiles and global PA questionnaire, were distributed to all MFU medical students currently studying in the academic year of 2019. Results: One hundred fifty-six medical students participated in the present study. From the questionnaires, 67.74% of pre-clinical medical students (n=63) and 52.99% of clinical medical students (n=36) had moderate to high levels of PA. Pre-Clinical students had significantly higher levels of PA by median metabolic equivalent value (MET) at 1,908.73 versus 1,339.05 MET-minutes/week (p=0.03). The sixth-year medical students increased risk of lower PA than the first year about 8.34 times (p<0.01). Conclusion: One-third of the medical students reported as having low levels of PA. Clinical medical students had reduced levels of PA compared to pre-clinical medical students. Therefore, PA should be promoted to help increase the overall health of medical students. Keywords: Physical activity; Metabolic; Equivalent; Medical Student; Clinic; Pre-clinic

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Youth Club Athletes Toward Sport Specialization and Sport Participation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596711876983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alison Brooks ◽  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Stephanie M. Trigsted ◽  
Daniel A. Schaefer ◽  
Daniel M. Wichman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Youth Club ◽  
College Team ◽  
School Team

Background: There are a variety of proposed motivations for sport specialization, such as improving sport skills to an elite level, making all-star or travel teams, or receiving a scholarship or professional contract. However, there has not been a quantitative examination of the attitudes and beliefs that may be contributing to the trend of sport specialization and year-round sport participation. Purpose: The primary aim was to describe the attitudes and beliefs of youth club sport athletes regarding sport specialization and sport participation. A secondary objective was to investigate whether an association exists between the level of sport specialization and the belief in receiving a college scholarship. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 974 youth athletes (578 female; mean age, 14.2 ± 1.6 years) completed an anonymous questionnaire that focused on attitudes and beliefs toward sport specialization and sport participation. Questions were developed utilizing the feedback of a panel of content area experts and the University of Wisconsin Survey Center. Data were summarized using frequencies, proportions (%), and means ± SDs. Results: Fewer than half of all athletes (45.8%) believed that specialization increased their chances of getting injured either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” However, 91% of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of getting better at their sport either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” Similarly, the majority of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of making their high school team (80.9%) or a college team (66.9%) either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” Overall, 15.7% of athletes believed that they were either “very” or “extremely” likely to receive a college scholarship based on athletic performance. Highly specialized athletes were nearly twice as likely to have a high belief in receiving a college scholarship compared with low-specialization athletes (20.2% vs 10.2%, respectively; χ2 = 18.8; P = .001). Conclusion: Most youth athletes in this study believe that specialization increases their sport performance and ability to make not only a college team but also their high school team. Highly specialized athletes were more likely to believe that they will receive a college scholarship.

scholarly journals Concentric-Only Versus Touch-and-Go Bench Press One-Repetition Maximum in Men and Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812097786
Author(s):  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Danica Janicijevic ◽  
Ivan Jukic
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Repetitions To Failure

Background: One-repetition maximum (1RM) tests are time-consuming, and they might not always be logistically possible or warranted due to increased risk of injury when performed incorrectly or by novice athletes. Repetitions-to-failure tests are a widespread method of predicting the 1RM, but its accuracy may be compromised by several factors such as the type of exercise, sex, training history, and the number of repetitions completed in the test. Hypothesis: The touch-and-go bench press would provide a higher 1RM than the concentric-only bench press for both genders regardless of whether the 1RM was obtained by the direct or repetitions-to-failure method and the error in the 1RM prediction would be positively correlated with the number of repetitions performed to failure and negatively correlated with the 1RM strength and resistance training experience. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 113 adults (87 men and 26 women) were tested on 2 sessions during the concentric-only and touch-and-go bench press. Each session consisted of an incremental loading test until reaching the 1RM load, followed by a repetitions-to-failure test. Results: The 1RM was higher for the touch-and-go bench press using both the direct (men, 7.80%; women, 7.62%) and repetitions-to-failure method (men, 8.29%; women, 7.49%). A significant, although small, correlation was observed between the error in the estimation of the 1RM and the number of repetitions performed ( r = 0.222; P < 0.01), 1RM strength ( r = −0.169; P = 0.01), and resistance training experience ( r = −0.136; P = 0.05). Conclusion: The repetitions-to-failure test is a valid method of predicting the 1RM during the concentric-only and touch-and-go bench press variants. However, the accuracy of the prediction could be compromised with weaker and less experienced individuals and if more than 10 repetitions are completed during the repetitions-to-failure test. Clinical Relevance: The repetitions-to-failure test does not require any sophisticated equipment and enables a widespread use in different training environments.

scholarly journals SHOULDER ISOKINETIC PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY PROFESSIONAL JUDO ATHLETES: NORMATIVE DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Freddy Beretta Marcondes ◽  
Wagner Castropil ◽  
Breno Schor ◽  
Andreia Miana ◽  
Rodrigo Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Judo Athletes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate normative data of shoulder isokinetic strength in healthy professional judo athletes. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 20 professional male and female athletes (10 female), evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer. The strength assessment was carried out in external and internal rotation, flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. All data collected on muscle torque were normalized with body mass index. Results: Athletes demonstrated higher peak torque and joint work in shoulder adduction, abduction, flexion, and extension for the dominant limb compared to the non-dominant limb (p <0.05), with most of these deficits below 10%. Shoulder internal/external rotation ratios for male and female athletes had no significant differences between dominant and non-dominant sides, demonstrating values at 60°/s of 49.4 ± 7.2 on the dominant side of males and 49.1 ± 4.9 for females. Conclusion: The normative data are described to assist during treatment, return to sport and injury prevention. Level of evidence IV, cross-sectional study.

scholarly journals Sport Sampling Is Associated With Improved Landing Technique in Youth Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay J. DiStefano ◽  
Eleanor M. Beltz ◽  
Hayley J. Root ◽  
Jessica C. Martinez ◽  
Andrew Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Sampling Duration

Background: Sport sampling is recommended to promote fundamental movement skill acquisition and physical activity. In contrast, sport specialization is associated with musculoskeletal injury risk, burnout, and attrition from sport. There is limited evidence to support the influence of sport sampling on neuromuscular control, which is associated with injury risk, in youth athletes. Hypothesis: Athletes who participated in only 1 sport during the previous year would demonstrate higher Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores than their counterparts. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 355 youth athletes (age range, 8-14 years) completed a test session with a jump-landing task, which was evaluated using the LESS. Participants were categorized as single sport (SS) or multisport (MS) based on their self-reported sport participation in the past year. Their duration of sport sampling (low, moderate, high) was determined based on their sport participation history. Participants were dichotomized into good (LESS <5) or poor (LESS ≥5) categories. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate for the association between control category (good, poor) and participation (MS, SS), as well as sport-sampling duration (low, moderate, high). Results: The MS group was 2.5 times (95% CI, 1.9-3.1) as likely to be categorized as having good control compared with the SS group (χ2(355) = 10.10, P < 0.01). Recreational participants in the “high” sport-sampling duration group were 5.8 times (95% CI, 3.1-8.5) and 5.4 times (95% CI, 4.0-6.8) as likely to be categorized as having good control compared with the moderate and low groups (χ2(216) = 11.20, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Sport sampling at a young age is associated with improved neuromuscular control, which may reduce injury risk in youth athletes. Clinical Relevance: Youth athletes should be encouraged to try participating in multiple sports to enhance their neuromuscular control and promote long-term physical activity.

Obesity in relation to risk factors and socioeconomic conditions among school-age children at Khartoum State 2011/2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Dr. Suzan Ail Yousif Abo* ,Dr. ALI abdalazez Salih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Year ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Watching Tv

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out at Khartoum Stateduring the school year 20112/2012 to estimate the prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren aged 6-15 years and to investigate the relationship between BMI (Body MassIndex) and socioeconomic status and life style factors. Two hundred and fifty pupilsparticipated in this study. The researcher took the anthropometric measurement insidethe class room and gave the questionnaire the students to be answered by one of child’sparents. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS Version 13.0).In this study, prevalence of obesity was found to be (48%) of them 18% males and 30%females. Income of the family, number of high caloric carbonated beverages/week, wayof transportation to school, length of daily playing outside the home, and time spentin watching TV and video games were significantly correlated with student’s BMI.While parent’s BMI was not having significant correlation with student’s BMI.This study is considered as the first study in its field regarding this age category inKhartoum State, and it is promoting future researches in obesity and its determinant.Key words: Obesity in relation to risk factors and socioeconomic conditions amongschool-age children

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Erin Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

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