Dialectics to the rescue: Critical insights into Africa’s (under)development

2021 ◽  
pp. 194277862199344
Author(s):  
Joseph Mensah ◽  
David Firang
Keyword(s):  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Dialectical Analysis

That dialectics, as a mode of reasoning, is routinely used to explain the worlds of both nature and society per their inherent complexities, contradictions, and states of flux makes it quite amenable to robust theorizations of development. However, since many are those who see Africa(ns) in simplistic and wholly pessimistic terms, it is unsurprising that there is a conspicuous dearth of dialectical analysis of Africa’s development challenges and prospects. This paper examines Africa’s development from the standpoint of dialectics, showing how the key tenets and concepts of dialectics—including negation, sublation, the transformation of quantity to quality, the interpenetration of opposites, and the interchangeability of causes and effects—could help us understand the trajectory and dynamics of Africa’s development. The paper conceptualizes development as a dialectical process and, consequently, sees efforts in development discourse to set Africa (or any other part of the world, for that matter) in strict binary opposition to another region as unsustainable.

THE ROLE OF CHILDREN'S ARTISTIC LITERATUR IN THE ASSIMILATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL CATEGORIES BY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture And Health ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Good And Evil

In the presented study, the authors raise the question of the need to include in the educational process of a preschool institution to familiarize children with some philosophical categories. The educational system in which the child is included, starting from preschool childhood, provides him with the opportunity to gradually and continuously enter the knowledge of the world around him. It is in preschool childhood that the child is exposed to various relationships, values of culture and health, diverse patterns in the field of different knowledge. This contributes to a broader interaction of the preschooler with the world around him, which, in turn, ensures the assimilation not of disparate ideas about objects and phenomena, but their natural integration and interpenetration, which means understanding the integrity of the picture of the world. The authors prove the idea that the assimilation of philosophical categories by children contributes to the understanding of the structure of the surrounding world. The analysis of research is presented, proving that children's fiction in an understandable and accessible language, life examples and vivid images is able to explain to children the laws of the functioning of nature and society, as well as to reveal the world of human relations and feelings. Fiction surrounds the child from the first years of his life. It is she who contributes to the development of thinking and imagination, enriches the sensory world, provides role models and teaches you to find a way out in different situations. Philosophical categories such as "love and friendship", "beautiful and ugly", "good and evil" are represented in children's literature very widely, and the efficiency of mastering philosophical categories depends on the skill of an adult in conveying the content of a work, on correctly placed accents.

The Russian People as They Are. Turgenev’s View

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Sergey Nickolsky
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Philosophical Nature

The question of the Russian man – his past, present and future – is the central one in the philosophy of history. Unfortunately, at present this area of philosophy is not suffciently developed in Russia. Partly the reason for this situation is the lack of understanding by researchers of the role played by Russian classical literature and its philosophizing writers in historiosophy. The Hunting Sketches, a collection of short stories by I.S. Turgenev, is a work still undervalued, not fully considered not only in details but also in general meanings. And this is understandable because it is the frst systematic encyclopedia of Russian worldview, which is not envisaged by the literary genre. To a certain extent, Turgenev’s line is continued by I. Goncharov (the theme of the mind and heart), L. Tolstoy (the theme of the living and the dead, nature and society, the people and the lords), F. Dostoevsky (natural and rational rights), A. Chekhov (worthy and vulgar life). This article examines the philosophical nature of The Hunting Sketches, its structure and content. According to author’s opinion, stories can be divided into ten groups according to their dominant meanings. Thus, in The Hunting Sketches the main Russian types are depicted: “natural man,” rational, submissive, cunning, honest, sensitive, passionate, poetic, homeless, suffering, calmly accepting death, imbued with the immensity of the world. In the image and the comments of the wandering protagonist, Ivan Turgenev reveals his own philosophical credo, which he defnes as a moderate liberalism – freedom of thought and action, without prejudice to others.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Antologi Cerpen Batu-Batu Setan Karya M. Fudoli Zaini Dan Lukisan Kaligrafi Karya A. Mustofa Bisri

ATAVISME ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Mashuri Mashuri
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The World

Tulisan ini mengkaji konstruksi dunia dan nalar santri dalam prosa karya kiai pesantren, yaitu Batu-Batu Setan karya M. Fudoli Zaini dan Lukisan Kaligrafi karya A. Mustofa Bisri. Teori yang digunakan adalah strukturalisme dan hermeneutik, dengan menggunakan metode bandingan. Dari kajian perbandingan didapatkan pola sistemik pada posisi pengarang sebagai agen dalam ranah produksi kultural. Pola-pola sistemik yang menggambarkan konstruksi dan nalar santri yang bersifat universal dan parsial dengan bersandar pada konsep oposisi biner: sintagmatik dan paradigmatik, dapat dirumuskan dari perbandingan kedua kumpulan cerpen tersebut. Dari kajian tentang karya dua kiai itu, biografi mereka, dan perbandingan antara keduanya terkonstruksikan dunia dan nalar santri. Nalar santri inilah yang menjadi pola berpikir dan cara melihat dari kalangan pesantren di dalam karya dan ‘kehidupan’‐nya. Abstract: This research aims to describe the construction of santri’s sense and the world in short stories written by two kiai, M. Fudoli Zaini’s Batu-Batu Setan and A. Mustofa Bisri’s Lukisan Kaligrafi. To analyze the comparativeness, structuralism and hermeneutics theory is used to describe the problem. We can see that there is a systemic pattern of the writers as an agent in a cultural production environment. Those systemic patterns show the universalities and partialities of santri’s construction and sense according to binary opposition concept, namely syntagmatic and paradigmatic. The differences among the two anthologies, seen from their short stories and biography are constructed by the world and sense of the santri. From their short stories and we can see how the santri think and see using their sense and the world. Key Words: construction of world; santri’s sense; comparative literature

scholarly journals Biology contents in curricula of compulsory education in Serbia, Finland and England

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Djokic-Ostojic ◽  
Tomka Miljanovic ◽  
Tijana Pribicevic ◽  
Snezana Parezanovic-Ristic ◽  
Marina Topuzovic
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
The World ◽  
Integrated Or ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Nature And Society

At this moment in time, which is marked by extremely negative human influences on the environment, and when a sustainable development of nature is needed, school has a significant role in developing students? knowledge, skills and attitudes towards natural sciences. In European countries, students gain biological knowledge during primary school either through integrated or specific subjects. This paper contains the results of a comparative analysis of the biological content in teaching programs and curricula in three European countries - Serbia, Finland and England. In Serbia, biological contents are included in two integrated subjects (The World Around Us and Nature and Society) during the first cycle of compulsory education, while during the second cycle they are included in a separate subject - biology - and are linearly arranged. Throughout compulsory education in Finland and England, biological contents are concentrically arranged and are realized through the students? research work in their surroundings in several school subjects.

The Universal Invariant-Based SLA Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-61
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Intercourse

SLA is a broad multilateral realm of theoretical and applied projections. The discipline being topical for the world community, its coterminous issues are rather summarily thrown together, but actually spread out or split up of the field originally meant as a more concentrated and closely-knit nucleus. The research mainstream branches out into numerous aspects of language acquisition, most of which are ‘cross-sectional'. The heterology of research approaches hinders the progress towards the development of a well-balanced unified SLA theory relying on the basics inherent in science at large. A theory like that is aimed at the elimination of any ambiguity and confusion, so that anyone could similarly interpret it. Although the idea sounds like a utopian goal so far, a number of steps could be taken for SLA integrity to get closer and ultimately to transpire. A holistic theoretical model of SLA requires that its modules be represented on the basis of the same property, or radix. In the model developed, the radix is identified as a minimal predicative unit being formed. The unit takes shape in the process of predication, which can be referred to as the act of joining initially independent objects of thought expressed by self-determining words—predicate and argument—in order to convey any idea. Predication is a most important function of language cognition due to which the real and individualized worlds converge in the learner's mind. Hence, predication is not just a common fundamental of language, social intercourse, and individual inner thought activity but actually a medium creating the environment in which all three spheres mentioned function cohesively. The SLA Universal Invariant-Based Binary Predication Theory is identified in terms of its domain, content and procedural phenomena, principles, rules and regularities, binary opposition logic. and idealized object.

Why Do Some Tibetan Women Climb the Highest Mountains? Gendering Mountaineering Practices on the Roof of the World

Inner Asia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-311
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Nodari
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World

This paper explores the lives of a number of Tibetan mountaineering women who have risen to celebrity by climbing the highest peaks in the world. It shows how they negotiated their gender and ethnic identity within the highly complex context of modern Tibetan mountaineering in the People’s Republic of China. Even though they use mountaineering as a means for emancipation, these Tibetan women enact gender roles in ways that are more complicated than the simple binary opposition between ‘old society’ and ‘new society’, reflected in Chinese modernisation narratives, suggests.

scholarly journals Diálogos interdisciplinares para uma agenda socioambiental: breve inventário do debate sobre ciência, sociedade e natureza

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas FLORIANI
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Belief System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Nature And Society

O debate sobre ciência, sociedade e natureza, na perspectiva da construção de um novo conhecimento interdisciplinar, exige uma reflexão crítica sobre os fundamentos da racionalidade científica moderna. Por outro lado, a crítica que se faz ao conhecimento científico, coincide com a crítica ao fracionamento que se faz entre sociedade e natureza, com todas as suas implicações sócio-culturais e políticas. Razão instrumental e sistema de crenças andam juntos. Daí que uma crítica profunda sobre a racionalidade e as práticas científicas, no âmbito da relação sociedade-natureza, deve buscar reaproximar os saberes disciplinares, principalmente os das ciências da vida, da natureza e da sociedade. Esse diálogo entre saberes científicos não pode, entretanto, excluir as outras formas de conhecimento do mundo, da natureza e das sociedades. ABSTRACT The debate on science, nature and society, from the perspective of the construction of a new interdisciplinary knowledge, requires critical refelctions on the bases of modern scientific rationality. On the other hand, the critique of scientific knowledge that has been made coincides with the critique of the division between society and nature, with all of its socio-cultural and political implications. Instrumental reason and belief system develop together. Therefore, a deep critique of rationality and scientific practices, from the perspective of the societynature relationship, should seek to bring the knowledge that has been separated into different disciplines closer together again, especially with regard to the life sciences, that is, those of nature and society. This dialogue between fields of scientific knowledge should not, at the same time, exclude other forms of knowing the world, nature and society.

Problems of Metaphilosophy – a View from Aside

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Nikiforov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Ontological Question ◽  
The World ◽  
Subjective Opinion ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Basic Beliefs

The paper discusses several problems of metaphilosophy that were explored in the philosophical literature in Russia. Metaphilosophy tries to understand what is philosophy, what problems philosophers are dealing with, which methods they employ in their investigations, the nature of philosophical statements and so on. Philosophers in Russia tended to think of philosophy as a special type of worldview that exists together with the ordinary worldview and religious worldview. The author defines worldview as a collection of basic beliefs about the surrounding world, society, human being, the relations existing between individuals and society, about values and ideals. It is underscored that a worldview is always somebody’s worldview (it belongs either to an individual or a social group). The worldview problems explored by philosophers remain the same throughout thousands of years; what changes is how they are stated in different times. Every human being faces these problems if she has realized herself as an autonomous being and the reality splits for her into the I and the non-I. All philosophical problems revolve around three basic questions: what is the non-I (i.e. nature and society)? - this is the ontological question; what is I? (the anthropological question); what relations exist between the I and the non-I (the epistemological, axiological, ethical and other questions). The author also explores several stages of a philosophical investigation: an internal dissatisfaction with existing solutions, a search for a new perspective (meaning, idea, interpretation), development of the found solution. The author points at a number of characteristics that make philosophy different from science: philosophical statements and conceptions cannot be verified or refuted by experience, they are not universal. It is argued that the notion of truth in its classical interpretation cannot be applied to philosophical statements because the latter cannot be true or false. The author concludes that philosophical statements or conceptions express the subjective opinion of a given philosopher about the world and the human being. An obvious evidence for this is the existing pluralism of philosophical systems, schools, and trends.

scholarly journals Dialectics of Resilience: A Multi–Level Analysis of a Telehealth Innovation

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Cho ◽  
Lars Mathiassen ◽  
Daniel Robey
Keyword(s):  
Fragile State ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Dialectical Analysis ◽  
Level Analysis

Resilience is commonly portrayed as a positive capability that allows individuals, groups, and organizations to thrive in dynamic contexts. This paper questions this oversimplified view based on a dialectical analysis of a telehealth innovation within a network of collaborating hospitals. We analyze the major contradictions that characterize the adoption of the innovation. First, we analyze contradictions between individuals and groups within each adopting organization. Second, we analyze contradictions between the adopting organizations. This multi-level analysis leads to a deeper understanding of resilience as a dialectical process. The analysis of the case shows that, although the participating individuals, groups, and organizations demonstrated apparent resilience in adopting the telehealth innovation, the innovation remained in a fragile state, where it was unclear whether it would continue to diffuse, stabilize as-is, or slowly deteriorate. Hence, while resilience facilitated swift and successful adoption, it also created tensions that endangered further diffusion and the long-term sustainability of the telehealth innovation. We suggest that understanding the future success of the innovation would be facilitated to a large extent by a dialectical analysis of the involved contradictions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document