The Russian People as They Are. Turgenev’s View

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Sergey Nickolsky
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Philosophical Nature

The question of the Russian man – his past, present and future – is the central one in the philosophy of history. Unfortunately, at present this area of philosophy is not suffciently developed in Russia. Partly the reason for this situation is the lack of understanding by researchers of the role played by Russian classical literature and its philosophizing writers in historiosophy. The Hunting Sketches, a collection of short stories by I.S. Turgenev, is a work still undervalued, not fully considered not only in details but also in general meanings. And this is understandable because it is the frst systematic encyclopedia of Russian worldview, which is not envisaged by the literary genre. To a certain extent, Turgenev’s line is continued by I. Goncharov (the theme of the mind and heart), L. Tolstoy (the theme of the living and the dead, nature and society, the people and the lords), F. Dostoevsky (natural and rational rights), A. Chekhov (worthy and vulgar life). This article examines the philosophical nature of The Hunting Sketches, its structure and content. According to author’s opinion, stories can be divided into ten groups according to their dominant meanings. Thus, in The Hunting Sketches the main Russian types are depicted: “natural man,” rational, submissive, cunning, honest, sensitive, passionate, poetic, homeless, suffering, calmly accepting death, imbued with the immensity of the world. In the image and the comments of the wandering protagonist, Ivan Turgenev reveals his own philosophical credo, which he defnes as a moderate liberalism – freedom of thought and action, without prejudice to others.

The importance of information access of cultural values to the principles of sustainable development in climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Ike Iswary Lawanda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Control ◽  
Generation Gaps

Purpose This is a methodological proposal that describes the access to information as a starting point, and the importance of access to information as the backbone for the values of investment with the notion of culture as shared beliefs, supported by information to communicate and provide awareness about issues related to environmental policy that is consistent with sustainable development. Data collection is done from census data of Cikarawang population, observation and in-depth interviews with informants of community leaders. Constructive theory constructs to identify the diversity of existing construction of and placing in the consensus. The goal of this methodology is to produce an informed and knowledgeable construction of, which simultaneously improving continuously. Constructivists do not intend to predict and control the real world and divert it but to reconstruct the world at the point of its existence: in the mind of the people of the community in Cikarawang village. The view of the importance of cultural institutions and traditional knowledge should not be ignored in reaching the target of practical dissemination of information regarding environmental policy should be conducted for further study the model of and the model for the construction of the constructed. The use of application in documenting myths and rituals of Cikarawang people is enabling the access of information of the people in learning the culture and language of Cikarawang. Moreover, it is the way to reach the goal of sustainable environment for the next generations. Design/methodology/approach The goal of this methodology is to produce an informed and knowledgeable construction of, which simultaneously improved continuously. Constructivists do not intend to predict and control the real world and divert it but to reconstruct the world at the point of its existence: in the mind of the constructor. In the process related to two aspects, : hermeneutic and dialectical. Aspects of individual construction of hermeneutic describe as compare and contrast to the dialectical aspects of individual construction of, so that each respondent was entered into the construction of another and entirely fused. Findings The access of information on asri to face global warming is to demonstrate the hybridity and syncretism of this everyday locality and to show how this global sense of place is a progressive sense of place which avoids defensive and exclusionary definitions of place and culture because they cannot be sustained in a world where understanding a place means understanding its connection to other places. However, the youths of Cikarawang are likely to self-identify, as liberals are also more supportive of progressive domestic social agenda than older generations. They are less overtly religious than the older generations. Research limitations/implications The access of information, is about trying to establish the existence of the collectivity by defining what makes it a community – isolating national characteristics, defining crucial historical moments or significant places. None of these implies that these meanings can be fixed. There might be useful to think of nations as projects which are never fully achieved. There are always alternative accounts which are being given, and alternative interpretations being made from different positions. Climate information needs to be made in accordance with the local context and activities of both of the content, format, timing and distribution (dissemination). Practical implications The undetermined that perceived lack of locals trying to understand the information about weather and climate change are delivered by using technology need to engage their participation to identify and develop adaptation and mitigation strategies. Knowledge about the weather and how to overcome it is also myths about the environment containing taboo and prohibition as well as the annual harvest ritual. Digital technology using application is the nearest object to individual youngsters to access information openly and individually. Access of information using apps and internet is bridging the issues of climate change, myths and rituals about environment, and generation gaps. Social implications The behavior of young people of Generation X are not heeding the ban in the experience of their ancestors. It is not only because of their belief in myth depleted but also in the absence of respected elders. Person figures which are respected as wise men or local leaders to be role models. In the past, knowledge and cultural information are presented, preserved, generated down to future generations. Nowadays, information about climate, weather, cultural knowledge in agriculture, irrigation, daily life, ritual, myth, and kinship is no longer simply rely on figures but the media that they believe in. Originality/value It is an interdisciplinary research of global knowledge, memory and communication. Digital technology-based application as the system to support access of information and the effort of documentation on community myths and rituals of remote people may affect on sustainable local wisdoms which protect and sustain the environment to be inherited to next generations. Web, private social networks, wikis and blogs are becoming important corporate tools for communication, collaboration and information-sharing. It is a way of young people in this Generation X most familiar in such as interactive, collaborative, managing knowledge, and managing global system and bridging generation gaps.

Hegel's Critique of the Triumph of Verstand in Modernity

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Houlgate
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
The People ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Revolution

In his lectures on the philosophy of history Hegel passes this famous judgement on the French Revolution. “Anaxagoras had been the first to say that nous governs the world; but only now did humanity come to recognize that thought should rule spiritual actuality. This was thus a magnificent dawn”. What first gave rise to discontent in France, in Hegel's view, were the heavy burdens that pressed upon the people and the government's inability to procure for the Court the means of supporting its luxury and extravagance. But soon the new spirit of freedom and enlightenment began to stir in men's minds and carry them forward to revolution. “One should not, therefore, declare oneself against the assertion”, Hegel concludes, “that the Revolution received its first impulse from Philosophy” (VPW, p 924). However, Hegel points out that the legacy of the revolution is actually an ambiguous one. For, although the principles which guided the revolution were those of reason and were indeed magnificent – namely, that humanity is born to freedom and self-determination – they were held fast in their abstraction and turned “polemically”, and at times terribly, against the existing order (VPW, p 925). What ultimately triumphed in the revolution was thus not concrete reason itself, but abstract reason or understanding (VPW, p 923). In Hegel's view, the enduring legacy of such revolutionary understanding was, not so much the Terror, but the principle that “the subjective wills of the many should hold sway” (VPW, p 932). This principle, which Hegel calls the principle of “liberalism” and which we would call the principle of majority rule, has since spread from France to become one of the governing principles of modern stat. It has been used to justify granting universal suffrage, to justify depriving corporations and the nobility of the right to sit in the legislature, and in some cases to justify abolishing the monarchy. What is of crucial importance for Hegel, however, is that such measures have not rendered the state more modern and rational, but have in fact distorted the modern state.

A Study of Translation Methods Adopted in the Yangs’ Version of “Master Gao” from the Perspective of Manipulation Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ruijing Qin ◽  
Chengfa Yu
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Lu Xun ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Translation Methods

Soon after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, foreign translation of Chinese culture was put on the agenda. Lu Xun’s short stories were selected as representative works and translated into English by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang (hereinafter referred to as “the Yangs”) in the 1950s and 1960s under the special international and domestic environment, and they have played an important role in spreading Chinese culture to the world. Based on André Lefevere’s Manipulation Theory, especially its three elements, namely, poetics, ideology and patronage, this paper examines the translation methods adopted by the Yangs in their translation of Lu Xun’s short story “Master Gao”. Through example analysis, the article concludes that the Yangs mainly adopted literal translation under the influence of poetics, ideology and patronage in the then special social background. It is hoped that the research aims to provide a theoretical and practical reference for future translation and dissemination of Chinese literary works to the world.

Attributing Inferred Causes and Explanations to Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Moskowitz ◽  
Irmak Olcaysoy Okten ◽  
Alexandra Sackett
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Rational Nature ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal States ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Attribution Process ◽  
Perceived Constraints ◽  
Observed Behavior

Behavior is a reflection of the intentions, attitudes, goals, beliefs, and desires of a person. These intra-individual factors are coordinated with what opportunities the situation affords and the perceived constraints placed on the person by their context and the norms of the culture they are in. Further, the intentions, attitudes, goals, beliefs, and desires of a person are often not known to them in any given moment, and because they reside within the mind of that person they are almost always not known to the people who are perceiving that person. To know anything about other people we must observe and identify/classify their behavior and then attribute to the observed behavior inferences and judgments about the internal states of that person serving as the motivating force behind their behavior. This entry explores this process of attribution. Heider described attribution as the process that determines “how one person thinks and feels about another person, how he perceives him and what he does to him, what he expects him to do or think, how he reacts to the actions of the other.” The entry explores the rules that people follow in order to make sense of behavior, and the rational versus non-rational nature of the procedure. Even when highly motivated to think rationally, this process can be biased, and flaws can appear in the attribution process, such as from chronic differences among perceivers due to culture, experience, or personality. How the process would unfold if accurate and purely rational is contrasted with how it unfolds when biased. How we feel, and how we choose to act, are derived from how we make sense of the world. Thus, attribution processes are foundational for understanding how we feel, for establishing expectations, and planning how to act in turn.

scholarly journals Thirukkuralin Arivusar Nokkum Pokkum

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (S-1) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Subbarayan R ◽  
Jayakumar T
Keyword(s):  
Public Repository ◽  
Human Race ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
People Today

Thirukkural is a global public repository that is acceptable to all people of the world across country, race, language and religion. This book explains how the human race pursues many purposes for survival. The purpose of this article is to explain some of them. There is no difference in the human race by birth. They excel in the ups and downs of what they do. You just have to be more discriminating with the help you render toward other people. We must love those lives and live those lives. The best virtue is to live without jealousy, denial, anger and hatred in the mind. The people's representatives who rule the country should be understood as those who alleviate the suffering of the people, fulfill their needs and live happily. These motives are being followed by the people today and the human race is functioning better.

scholarly journals Some survey results about the change of gods in myths to gods in the fairy tales of Vietnamese ethnic minorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Dung
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Character Building ◽  
Nature And Society

Gods appear in a wide variety of myths and fairy tales around nations in the world. This is one of the central images, showing a multidimensional awareness of the ancients on the nature and society. Understanding the transformation of the system of god characters in a process of sequences, the system from the myths to the fairy tales of ethnic minorities in Vietnam, we will see the development of awareness levels in thinking, in the spiritual life of the society and of Vietnamese people. From there, we see the development in the thought process and artistic performances of the ancients which were romantic and high-soaring. We also see the similarities and differences in the art of character building in ethnic minorities' myths and legends. The research outcome is to understand the origin, the way to reflect the world, the people, the process of changing according to the thought and the art process of the divine character from myth to fairy tales of the Vietnamese ethnic minorities through the following steps: 1) Describing and surveying the divine characters in 181 myths of ethnic minorities in Vietnam; 2) Describing and surveying god characters in 150 fairy tales of typical Vietnamese ethnic minorities; and 3) Giving comment , evaluating the transformation of mythical characters from myths to fairy tales through the survey results.

scholarly journals INTEGRAL CONCEPT OF MAN – A SOCIAL REQUIREMENT OR PHILOSOPHICAL EFFORTS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Vergeles
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Objective Necessity

In the article, based on the analysis of various, partly alternative and contradictory philosophical approaches, ideas and views on the nature of man, its essence, vocation and place in the world, which were developed and promoted throughout the historical development of world philosophy and culture, it shows and substantiates active need and social need to create a modern synthetic, integral concept of man, which must show how all achievements and achievements of man (language, consciousness, ideas, tools, state, image) arcs of art, myth, religion, history, social life) "arise from the basic structure of human being." Actuality is caused not only by the crisis of the modernist idea of "man of reason", who pushed out "natural man" and established himself as a supervising authority on "man of morality" lifted the Mind to unprecedented height, and since Descartes "cogito ergo sum" actually deified, left off seek proof of the truth of their own attitudes not in the realm of the transcendental mind, but in itself, in the self-consciousness (thus philosophically, metaphysically, it eliminated Genesis not as self-consciousness, as that which is always and in advance), but also by the crisis of domains yuchoho past decade and post postpostmodernistskoho discourse on understanding of society, culture, rights and their place in today's "fool the world." The purpose of the article is to show and substantiate the objective necessity and rational expediency of creating a modern integral concept of man, who, incorporating all the achievements of world and national philosophical and scientific thought, as a result of a combination of different approaches – formative, civilizational, sociocultural, and on its basis made our understanding of history, society, man, personality much more humane, more multidimensional and more comprehensive.

scholarly journals Travel journals in Islam and their contribution to the development of social thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-114
Author(s):  
Muamer Halilović
Keyword(s):  
Social Thought ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cognitive Frameworks ◽  
Subjective Judgments ◽  
New Tradition ◽  
Insight Into

Travel journals are primarily a literary genre in which the writer expresses his impressions about the geographical and other characteristics of the region through which he travels, along with demographic, cultural, religious, cognitive and ethical characteristics of the people he encounters during his travels. This literary genre has an extraordinary potential to reveal the cognitive frameworks of the collective thought of a nation that is directly or indirectly manifested through various folk customs and traditions. Travel journals are beneficial in two ways when it comes to social thought. First, an author who visits new regions and meets a people that he has not had the opportunity to talk to before, informs his readers about the customs, beliefs, fears and hopes of that people. Demographic descriptions and analyses of all interesting, and sometimes strange, events that he witnessed, are a testimony to his modern readers about the existence of different views of the world, not so far away from them. Moreover, it will provide later readers with authentic information about how people once thought and how a community functioned. Secondly, an author who writes about his impressions after encountering a new tradition inadvertently makes his own judgment about it. In that way, he implicitly and indirectly points to the collective consciousness that he brings through his subjective judgments from the region which he belongs to, from his homeland. This aspect is most noticeable with later readers, because they can observe from a certain distance both the people to whom the author belongs to and the people about whom the author reports. If the author is affected by a certain phenomenon, it means that the collective consciousness of his people would not approve of such an action, and if he supported a tradition, it meant that his people would also agree with it. In this paper, we will try to offer a brief insight into the history of travel journals in Islam, and to present sociological potentials of some of the main travel journals prepared by Muslim authors during their arduous and difficult journeys.

scholarly journals "Colonizing the Mind: A Dialectic Approach to Education and Language in Zitkala-Ša’s American Indian Stories"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adisa Ahmetspahić
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Native American ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
School Experience ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The World ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
The Mind ◽  
American Authors

Mind colonization has been a burning issue in the last few decades in the fields of science and humanities. It is argued that mind colonization of the indigenous populations has been conducted via education and language in the mission of ‘civilizing’ since education and language carry culture specific sets of meaning, including knowledge and truth which condition our perception of the world. Zitkala-Ša is one of the earliest Native American authors and activists who sought to subvert the epistemological hierarchy imposed through mind colonization. Zitkala-Ša’s autobiographical collection of short stories titled American Indian Stories (1921) documents her boarding school experience and the acquisition of the colonizer’s education and language. The present paper seeks to address mind colonization through language and education on the example of Zitkala-Ša’s American Indian Stories relying on a number of theories and approaches. The paper also reflects on the importance of Zitkala-Ša mastery of the colonizer’s language

Epilogue: Psychiatry, neuroscience, philosophy

2018 ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Walter Glannon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind

This Epilogue summarizes the main points of the book's eight chapters. It emphasizes a biopsychosocial model for understanding, treating and possibly psychiatric disorders. It also points out that major forms of mental illness are disorders of this brain as well as disorders of the mind and the person relations to others and the world. Advances in neuroscience may lead to better explanations of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and their philosophical implications. But these advances may not completely account for the experience of living with these disorders. Given the global burden of disease from mental illness, it should receive priority in medical research over other types of disease to improve the quality of life of the people affected by it.

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