Black Intragroup Empathic Responding to Police Interracial Violence: Effects of Victim Stereotypicality and Blacks’ Racial Identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Johnson ◽  
Len Lecci ◽  
John Dovidio
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Male Victim ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black Participant ◽  
Interracial Violence

Despite the public outrage in response to police violence against unarmed Black men, work on the psychological dynamics of reactions to these incidents is relatively rare. The present research examined whether empathy for a Black male victim of White police interracial violence would vary as a function of victim stereotypicality (stereotypic/counterstereotypic) and Black participant racial identity. In Study 1, 140 Black participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). As hypothesized, Black participants low in racial identification reported less empathy for the stereotypical relative to the counterstereotypical victim. Those high in racial identification showed relatively high levels of empathy regardless of the characteristics of the Black victim. Study 2 replicated these effects with 263 Black MTurk participants. This research highlights the value of considering individual differences in the Black observers (racial identification) and the characteristics of Black victims to better understand the psychological processes involved in intragroup responses to police violence.

What if …..? Designing tools to help the public make difficult decisions

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Patricia Wright
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Diverse Audience

Information overload results from having plenty of data but not enough time to organize it so that it assists decision making. This paper argues that although digital tools can help people make decisions, their development could benefit from an appreciation of how people’s behavior changes as the display features of the tools change. Therefore advantages could come from greater collaboration between designers and researchers who explore the psychological processes that enable decision making (processes such as search, understanding, inference and memory). Evidence is provided of individual differences in the way decision aids are used, and the value of multimodality information to accommodate diverse audience needs.

Family Matters: Negotiating Intergenerational Mixed Identities among Eurasian Families in Singapore

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2095705
Author(s):  
Brenda S.A. Yeoh ◽  
Kristel Anne F. Acedera ◽  
Zarine L. Rocha ◽  
Esther Rootham
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Family Life ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Language Choices ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Generational Changes ◽  
Identity Shifts ◽  
Intra Family

This paper tracks and explores the generational changes in the dynamics of racial identity and identification of Eurasians in Singapore, as reflected in family life. Eurasians are a historic mixed-descent community originating in the mixing of European and Asian cultures in the region since the 16th century. By analysing the embodied enactment and negotiation of mixed identities intergenerationally in the spheres of marriage and language choices, the paper reveals how families express and construct what it means to be Eurasian in the Singaporean context. This study draws on 30 interviews with self-identified Eurasians over two generations, including six paired intra-family interviews, illustrating intergenerational identity shifts. While the boundedness of racial identification appeared to be the norm for earlier generations, a tempering of race as a boundary marker and an openness to changing familial rhythms have served to encourage a lowering of race consciousness among younger Eurasians in Singapore.

“WHITENESS” IN CONTEXT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jorge Ballinas ◽  
James D. Bachmeier
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
State Level ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Racial Context ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Racial Identity Formation

Abstract Using data from the 2008–2016 American Community Survey, we compare the racial identification responses of the Mexican-origin population residing in California to their counterparts in Texas, the two states with the largest and most established Mexican-origin populations. We draw on existing theory and research in order to derive a theoretical account of state-level historical mechanisms that are likely to lead to varying patterns of racial identification within the two states and a set of propositions predicting the nature of this variation. Results indicate that the Mexican-origin population in Texas is substantially more likely to claim White racial identification than their counterparts in California, even after accounting for factors related to racial identity formation. Further analysis indicates that this result is robust and buffets the notion that the historical development of the racial context in Texas has engendered a present-day context in which “Whiteness” carries a distinctive social value, relative to California’s ethnoracial context, and that this social value is reflected in the ways in which individuals of Mexican origin respond to race questions on U.S. Census surveys.

The Exceptional Prison

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-663
Author(s):  
Samira Bueno ◽  
Graham Denyer Willis
Keyword(s):  
Police Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Citrus Trees

Between 2013 and 2016, police in one Brazilian city killed 3,287 people—66.5 percent of whom were black. It might not seem surprising, then, that this place is also one of the only in the world that has a prison just for police. But this prison is exceptional, a “model” place, as those who run it say. It isn’t “dungeon-like” or a “warehouse of black lives,” as scholars describe prisons in this country and elsewhere. Among an apiary, a tilapia pond, and groves of citrus trees, few police are here because they killed on the job. Using ethnography from in and outside this prison, we examine narratives of socialization, redemption, and mundane and exceptional killing to illustrate what operates beneath the public veneer of the punishment of police. This lays bare key assumptions about the function of policing and the possibility of reform amid capitalism, in a vital moment of global political rupture. To speak of impunity for police violence, or of iterative gains in reform, is to dramatically misunderstand the work of policing.

Income Inequality Influences Perceptions of Legitimate Income Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris-Stella Trump
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Fourth Experiment

This article argues that public opinion regarding the legitimacy of income differences is influenced by actual income inequality. When income differences are perceived to be high, the public thinks of larger income inequality as legitimate. The phenomenon is explained by the system justification motivation and other psychological processes that favor existing social arrangements. Three experiments show that personal experiences of inequality as well as information regarding national-level income inequality can affect which income differences are thought of as legitimate. A fourth experiment shows that the system justification motivation is a cause of this effect. These results can provide an empirical basis for future studies to assume that the public reacts to inequality with adapted expectations, not increased demands for redistribution.

scholarly journals Comparing Traditional and Crowdsourcing Methods for Pretesting Survey Questions

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401667177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Edgar ◽  
Joe Murphy ◽  
Michael Keating
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cognitive Interviewing ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Participant Characteristics ◽  
Cost Efficient

Cognitive interviewing is a common method used to evaluate survey questions. This study compares traditional cognitive interviewing methods with crowdsourcing, or “tapping into the collective intelligence of the public to complete a task.” Crowdsourcing may provide researchers with access to a diverse pool of potential participants in a very timely and cost-efficient way. Exploratory work found that crowdsourcing participants, with self-administered data collection, may be a viable alternative, or addition, to traditional pretesting methods. Using three crowdsourcing designs (TryMyUI, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and Facebook), we compared the participant characteristics, costs, and quantity and quality of data with traditional laboratory-based cognitive interviews. Results suggest that crowdsourcing and self-administered protocols may be a viable way to collect survey pretesting information, as participants were able to complete the tasks and provide useful information; however, complex tasks may require the skills of an interviewer to administer unscripted probes.

scholarly journals Augmented Virtual Reality: Playing Architect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Miller
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Public Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
Young Black Male ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Understanding

This thesis sits at the intersection of identity and technology by considering what it means to assume the role of architect as the young black male. The public image of the architect is represented instead, by the white male figure and distributed in a narrative of individualist and ego. However, a critique of the ego through introspection and auto-biographical context gives alternative understanding to the social, cultural, racial and political discourse for the minority seeking autonomy. Framed in modern blackness, design in research becomes a process of appropriation where the architect can be challenged by notions of new softwares where platforms are built instead of foundations. Research that began largely about architecture and virtual reality - instead concludes with urgent questions involving the architect and the tools he interfaces - opening avenues for critical discourse on identity, autonomy, anonymity, and devices.

scholarly journals VIOLÊNCIA POLICIAL E RACISMO EM “BANDEIRA NEGRA, AMOR”

Revista LEVS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto de Assis Barbosa dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Military Police ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Love Story ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Needy

Resumo: O artigo objetiva analisar como a violência policial e o racismo estampam as páginas do romance Bandeira negra, amor. O enredo, que tem como palco o morro do Borel, relata o assassinato de três adolescentes negros, vistos pela última vez entrando em uma viatura da Polícia Militar sobre quem recai a autoria da tripla execução, cujos corpos apresentam sinas de tortura. Entre as acusações feitas pelos moradores do bairro à corporação e a defesa feita pela instituição, o leitor acessará a história amorosa entre o advogado das famílias das vítimas, o negro Fred e a relações públicas da PM, a major Beatriz, que é branca. A obra nos possibilita observar que o tratamento dado pelos aparelhos repressivos às populações carentes e negras, reservado as devidas proporções, se mantém o mesmo desde as últimas décadas da escravidão no Brasil Oitocentista. Palavras-chave: Violência, Literatura, Polícia Militar, Preconceito racial, Pobreza  Abstract: The article analyzes how the police violence and the racism represent the pages from the romance “Bandeira negra, amor”. The plot happens in the hill of the Borel and describe the murder of three black teenagers, who was seen entering in a Military Police car that is guilty by the murder and shows signs of torture. Between the accusations did by the neighborhood residentes for the corporation and the apology did by the institution, the reader will access the love story between the lawyer of the victims families, the black man Fred and the public relations of the Military Police, the major Beatriz, who is white. The book shows that the treatment given by the repressive powers to the needy and black population remains the same since the last slavery decades in Brazil of the nineteenth century. Keywords: Violence, Literature, Military Police, Racial Prejudice, Poverty

scholarly journals Doctor–patient relationships are a perceived barrier to chiropractic use by non-Hispanic Black Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Wates ◽  
Jon Wilson ◽  
Mark T. Pfefer
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chiropractic Care ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Patient Relationships

AbstractDespite decades of targeted effort, the disparity in access to and utilization of health care remains high in minority populations. Not excluded is the field of chiropractic, where there is an ongoing effort to increase both non-Hispanic black (NHB) practitioners and patients in the United States. In this study, we sought to identify which barriers prevent NHB access to chiropractic care. We utilized Qualtrics© (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) and MTurk© (Amazon Mechanical Turk, Inc.) to administer an online survey to 3814 U.S. respondents. Among non-Hispanic blacks, and compared with whites, participants were more likely to consider chiropractic care if the doctor shares their racial identity (37.6% vs. 17.1%) or if referred by a family member or friend (83.1% vs. 72.2%). NHB respondents were more likely to report barriers such as communication, transportation, or not being understood by their care provider compared with their white counterparts. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between NHB and white respondents on cost-related barriers (e.g., too expensive, insurance does not cover chiropractic). These findings highlight a need for increasing the number of practicing NHB chiropractors, through improved minority recruitment to chiropractic colleges. Further, chiropractor-driven community outreach may also begin to address the disparities in access to care for the non-Hispanic black population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document