f-MRI in Epilepsy with Spike and Wave Activity Evoked by Eye Closure: Different Bold Activation in a Patient with Idiopathic Partial Epilepsy with Occipital Spikes and a Control Group

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Avesani ◽  
E. Formaggio ◽  
S. Storti ◽  
F. Alessandrini ◽  
L.G. Bongiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Activity ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Occipital Spikes ◽  
Eye Closure

scholarly journals The appropriacy of fluency tests in assessing epileptic seizure lateralization in children with partial epilepsy

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
Jasmina Vuksanovic ◽  
Milena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Seizure Focus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Right

Fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to asses executive functions. The literature data are not unequivocal although in a great number of papers is pointed out the importance of the left hemisphere, specially of the left frontal lobes in the mediation of phonological fluency and the right hemisphere in the mediation of nonverbal fluency. This paper considers the suitability of fluency tests for the detection of left versus right seizure laterality. The sample consisted of thirty-two epilepsy patients divided into two groups: LHF-participants with the seizure focus in the left hemisphere (n=16), and DHF-participants with the seizure focus in the right hemisphere (n=16), and K-the control group of t age-matched healthy children (n=50) aged 7-11 years. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the phonological and nonverbal fluency performance was carried out in consideration of the seizure laterality as well as compared to the healthy controls. The results of phonological fluency performance revealed that the performance of the LHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both DHF and K group. The analysis of nonverbal fluency performance revealed that the performance of the DHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both LHF and K group The qualitative analysis obtained valuable data, which could additionally contribute to the neuropsychological evaluation of the left versus right seizure laterality.

scholarly journals Identification of Interictal Paroxysmal Diffuse Sharp Activity with Eye Closure in Patients with Generalized Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Clinical Change ◽  
Interictal Spike ◽  
Interictal Eeg ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Primary Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Eye Closure

Interictal EEG recordings of patients with generalized epilepsy have known interictal abnormalities such as generalized spike and wave activity during photic stimulation and hyperventilation, interictal spike and wave or diffuse sharp activity [1]. We report three patients with confirmed generalized epilepsy who’s interictal recordings showed paroxysmal diffuse sharp 10 Hz activity in all leads with eye closure following eye blinking. This pattern was not associated with interictal generalized spike and wave activity, clinical change in the patient or did not follow seizure activity. Abnormal eye movement with generalized spike and wave activity has been described in Jeavon’s syndrome, eyelid myotonia and Sunflower syndrome. However, our patients did not meet criteria for any of these diagnoses. Therefore, we feel that our finding of paroxysmal diffuse sharp alpha activity is a novel finding in these patients with primary generalized epilepsy and may be a newly reported marker for patients with primary generalized epilepsy. Recognition of PDSA activity and further study of this pattern is encouraged.

scholarly journals Frontal slow-wave activity as a predictor of negative symptoms, cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Han Chen ◽  
Breannan Stone-Howell ◽  
J. Christopher Edgar ◽  
Mingxiong Huang ◽  
Cassandra Wootton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Delta Activity

BackgroundIncreased temporal and frontal slow-wave delta (1–4 Hz) and theta (4–7 Hz) activities are the most consistent resting-state neural abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. The frontal lobe is associated with negative symptoms and cognitive abilities such as attention, with negative symptoms and impaired attention associated with poor functional capacity.AimsTo establish whether frontal dysfunction, as indexed by slowing, would be associated with functional impairments.MethodEyes-closed magnetoencephalography data were collected in 41 participants with schizophrenia and 37 healthy controls, and frequency-domain source imaging localised delta and theta activity.ResultsElevated delta and theta activity in right frontal and right temporoparietal regions was observed in the schizophrenia v. control group. In schizophrenia, right-frontal delta activity was uniquely associated with negative but not positive symptoms. In the full sample, increased right-frontal delta activity predicted poorer attention and functional capacity.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that treatment-associated decreases in slow-wave activity could be accompanied by improved functional outcome and thus better prognosis.

L-364,718, a cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist, suppresses feeding-induced sleep in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. R1420-R1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Shemyakin ◽  
Levente Kapás
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Ad Libitum

Feeding induces increased sleep in several species, including rats. The aim of the study was to determine if CCK plays a role in sleep responses to feeding. We induced excess eating in rats by 4 days of starvation and studied the sleep responses to refeeding in control and CCK-A receptor antagonist-treated animals. Sleep was recorded on 2 baseline days when food was provided ad libitum. After the starvation period, sleep was recorded on 2 refeeding days when the control rats ( n = 8) were injected with vehicle and the experimental animals ( n = 8) received intraperitoneal injections of L-364,718 (500 μg/kg, on both refeeding days). In the control group, refeeding caused increases in rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS) and decreases in NREMS intensity as indicated by the slow-wave activity (SWA) of the electroencephalogram. CCK-A receptor antagonist treatment completely prevented the SWA responses and delayed the NREMS responses to refeeding; REMS responses were not simply abolished, but the amount of REMS was below baseline after the antagonist treatment. These results suggest that endogenous CCK, acting on CCK-A receptors, may play a key role in eliciting postprandial sleep.

Investigation of Patients With Eye Closure Sensitive Epilepsy With Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110409
Author(s):  
Feyza Yıldırım ◽  
Zeynep Aydin ◽  
Zakir Sakcı ◽  
Ays¸e Destînâ Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Eye Closure

Introduction and aim: A proportion of patients diagnosed with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) experience eye-closure sensitivity (ECS), the underlying pathogenesis of which is unknown. In this study, we compare magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings of healthy volunteers with patients diagnosed with GGE, with and without ECS, to detect possible explanatory differences between groups. Materials and methods: A total of 33 patients diagnosed with GGE: 17 with ECS and 16 without, and 12 healthy volunteers are included. MRS measurements of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) were made of bilateral occipital lobes and thalamus, and values of patients with GGE were compared with those of normal controls, and within subgroups with different clinical variables, using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Left occipital NAA and NAA/Cr levels were found to be significantly higher in the ECS group than in the control group. In the ECS epilepsy group, a significant moderate positive correlation was noted between left thalamic Cr and duration of drug therapy ( r = .539, P = .047) and left thalamic Cr and age at epilepsy onset ( r = .564, P = .036). Additionally, left thalamic NAA and NAA/Cr levels were observed to be lower in GGE patients compared to healthy subjects, although not to a statistically significant degree. Conclusion:The differences in MRS-measurable metabolites in the left occipital lobe in those with ECS epilepsy suggest an association between the ECS mechanism and the left occipital lobe. Our results also support the multifocal thalamocortical pathway disorder in the pathophysiology of GGE based on the observation of cellular dysfunction in the thalamus.

ALPHA BRAIN WAVE ACTIVITY DURING LISTENING OF SURAH AL-INSYIQAQ USING ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azwar Habibi ◽  
Ully Husna ◽  
Khusnul Khatima ◽  
Annisah Nur Rahmah ◽  
Aditya Rizqi Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Wave ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Brain Wave Activity

Background: More than 30 times earthquake occurred in Indonesia in the periode 2016-2017 and 23 times occurred in 2018. It made people more anxious. This is also a warning of the coming of the doom which is explained in several verses of the Qur'an. One of them is surah al-Insyiqaq. Understanding the meaning of this surah is expected to increase anxiety or feelings of surrender. These emotions can affect brain activity and can be recorded withElectroencephalography (EEG). To date, there has been no specific study of alpha wave activity when surah al-Insyiqaq is played between groups who understand the meaning of the surah and those who do not understand.Objective: Comparing the alpha brain wave activity during listening surah al-Insyiqaq in the control group and the treatment group.Method: This research is a study using experimental methods conducted on 20 subjects using simple random sampling. Subject were divided into two groups, the control group, and the treatment group. The treatment group was given a booklet, video and lecture about the contents of the surah. Brain wave activity was measured before and after the intervention using EEG during the subject listens to murottal of the surah.Results: There is a significant difference in understanding the meaning of Surat al-Insyiqaq between the results of the post test control group and the treatment group that was previously given the intervention (p=0,041). The significance value of the difference in alpha wave activity in the two groups was performed using the Independent t test and obtained p = 0.033.Conclusion: Understanding surah al-Insyiqaq creates a feeling of calm and surrender to God. This can lead to greater alpha brain wave activity when listening to surah al-Insyiqaq than those who are not given an understanding of the meaning of surah al-Insyiqaq.

Leading Indicators of Drowsiness in Simulated Driving

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (22) ◽  
pp. 1917-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Kozak ◽  
Reates Curry ◽  
Jeff Greenberg ◽  
Bruce Artz ◽  
Mike Blommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Physiological Measure ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
Safety Systems

Drowsiness while driving was measured using three measures: a physiological measure of eye closure, a sustained reaction time task and a subjective assessment. The study was conducted in Ford's VIRTTEX driving simulator. Thirty-two adults who were sleep deprived for 24 hours and six adults who had a full night of sleep participated in the study. The performance of the sleep-deprived group was compared with that of the control group. Sleep-deprived drivers had significantly longer PVT reaction times, a greater number of lapses, higher PERCLOS values and perceived themselves as sleepier than did the control group. This study demonstrated the ability to successfully implement drowsiness measures in a driving simulator. The advantage of a three-hour simulator drive in providing increasing levels of drowsiness in each subject was established. These findings provide metrics that can be used to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of safety systems for drowsy drivers.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

The effect of bromocriptine on mammary-gland ultrastructure of hyperprolactinemic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
I.C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Evans

In women, hyperprolactinemia is often due to a prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma or PRL cell hyperplasia. RRL excess stimulates the mammary glands and causes proliferation of the alveolar epithelium. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits PRL secretion and is given to women to treat nonpuerperal galactorrhea. Old female rats have been reported to have PRL cell hyperplasia or adenoma leading to PRL hypersecretion and breast stimulation. Herein, we describe the effect of bromocriptine and consequently the reduction in serum PRL levels on the ultrastructure of rat mammary glands.Female Long-Evans rats, 23 months of age, were divided into control and bromocriptine-treated groups. The control animals were injected subcutaneously once daily with a 10% ethanol vehicle and were later divided into a normoprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels under 30 ng/ml and a hyperprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels above 30 ng/ml.

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