Prevalence, risk factors, and glycaemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in eastern Sudan: a community-based study

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes a global health threat and burden, especially in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Gadarif in eastern Sudan to evaluate the prevalence and glycaemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional community-based study. Data on blood glucose levels, and anthropometric, demographic and clinical history data were obtained. Results: Six hundred Sudanese adults with a mean (SD) age of 44.9 (16.5) years were enrolled. More than two-thirds (70.3%) of the study participants were women. The prevalence of T2DM, newly diagnosed T2DM and uncontrolled T2DM was 20.8%, 10.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between education, marital status, body mass index, waist circumference and DM. However older age (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI = 3.09–7.70) and a family history of DM (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.59–4.20) were associated with T2DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of T2DM is high among the Sudanese population, especially in older people and those with a family history of DM. The high prevalence of uncontrolled DM in this setting is another hidden burden.

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Life style factors associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Grande Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/gmj.v1i2.27057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bikash Shrestha ◽

Bipin Nepal ◽

Yagya Laxmi Shakya ◽

Binaya Regmi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the commonest form of diabetes affecting more than 90% of the diabetic population worldwide. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its complications are increasing in the world, including developing nations like Nepal. This study aimed to determine the association between the lifestyle risk factors and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepalese population. Methods: This is hospital based cross sectional observational study done in the urban area of Nepal. Records of clients coming for the general health checkup in Grande International Hospital were evaluated in this study. Comparisons of the lifestyle factors in participants having and not having type 2 diabetes mellitus were done. Results: Significant associations with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 were seen in age (P ≤ 0.001), associated hypertension (P ≤ 0.001), dyslipidemia, family history of DM (P ≤ 0.001), alcohol use (P ≤ 0.001), and tobacco use (P ≤ 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having diabetes were high in age group above 40 (OR – 6.9, CI 3.82 – 12.47), history of hypertension (OR- 3.84, CI 2.42 – 6.08), tobacco users (OR-2.26, CI 1.12 – 4.53), alcohol users (OR-3.99, CI 2.47 – 6.44), family history of DM (OR-2.44, CI 1.53 – 3.89), and abdominal obesity in both males (OR-3.9, CI 2 – 7.4) and females (OR-9.6, CI 3.78 – 24.35). Conclusions: The modifiable risk factors - obesity, smoking and alcohol use carry significant risks of developing type 2 diabetes. These red flag signs call for urgent attention to look for and rectify the modifiable risk factors in Nepalese population to prevent diabetes.

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Prevalence of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193668 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1372

Author(s):

Sanjay Parihar ◽

Rajesh Singh

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Age Group ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

History Of

Background: Depression can be viewed as a modifiable independent risk factor for the development of T2DM and for progression of complications from either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The recognition and addressal of this association can have profound implications for prevention and treatment of these disorders. Objectives of this study the prevalence of depression among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic profile and the details of the diabetes and its treatment and history of other chronic diseases. Beck depression inventory (BDS-II) was used for evaluation of depression and 8 item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) was used for measurement of patient’s adherence to medication.Results: Majority of the potential cases of depression (33%) were in the age group of 51-60 years. 62% of the patients were male. Majority of the patients (40%) were in the age group of 51-60 years. 73.4% of the married patients were potential cases of depression. 78% of the patients were having family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Majority of the patients (72%) were overweight or obese (BMI> 25kg/m2).Conclusion: Duration of diabetes and duration of treatment was 5-10 years in majority of the patients and were significantly associated with prevalence of depression. Prevalence of depression was associated with sex, religion, and family history but was not statistically significant.

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Endocrinological and metabolic characteristics in patients who are non-obese and have polycystic ovary syndrome and different types of a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211016672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 030006052110166

Author(s):

Yuan Wang ◽

Hua Gao ◽

Wen Di ◽

Zhuowei Gu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

History Of ◽

Second Degree

Objective We aimed to investigate whether patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a family history (FH) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of endocrinological and metabolic abnormalities, and whether this risk differs between first-degree and second-degree relatives, and between maternal and paternal transmission. Methods A total of 680 patients with PCOS were enrolled in this retrospective, single-center study. Endocrine and glycolipid metabolism parameters were compared. Results The free androgen index (FAI), and levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher, whereas sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were significantly lower in patients with PCOS and a FH of T2DM. In patients with PCOS with a FH of T2DM in first-degree relatives, age and levels of FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher than those who had a FH of T2DM in second-degree relatives. A maternal history of T2DM was associated with a higher body mass index, FAI, and TG levels, and lower SHBG levels. Conclusions Patients with PCOS and a FH of T2DM have more severe hyperandrogenism and metabolic disorders, especially in those with maternal transmission.

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Regional differences of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Switzerland: a national cross-sectional survey

Swiss Medical Weekly ◽

10.4414/smw.2011.13218 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

PA Gerber ◽

D Spirk ◽

M Brändle ◽

M Thoenes ◽

R Lehmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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Sociodemographic, anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in healthy individuals with and without family history of Hypertension and/ or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research ◽

10.18535/jmscr/v5i8.02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Dr Shivani Agarwal ◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Fitness Parameters ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

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Foot Self-care Practices among People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study

10.26226/morressier.617c37317c09fc044a975238 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

SAURABH KUMAR GUPTA

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Self Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Practices

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Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029280 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e029280 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bander Balkhi ◽

Monira Alwhaibi ◽

Nasser Alqahtani ◽

Tariq Alhawassi ◽

Thamir M Alshammari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Good Adherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Antidiabetic

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to measure the adherence rates of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assess the relationship of glycaemic control and adherence to OADs after controlling for other associated factors.DesignCross-sectional retrospective study.SettingLarge tertiary hospital in the central region of Saudi Arabia.Participants5457patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with T2DM during the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe modified medication possession ratio (mMPR) was calculated as a proxy measure for adherence of OADs. The factors associated with OADs non-adherence and medication oversupply were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models. The secondary outcomes were to measure the association between OADs adherence and glycaemic control.ResultsMajority of patients with T2DM were females (n=3400, 62.3%). The average glycated haemoglobin was 8.2±1.67. Among the study population, 48.6% had good adherence (mMPR >0.8) and 8.6% had a medication oversupply (mMPR >1.2). Good adherence was highest among those using repaglinide (71.0%) followed by pioglitazone (65.0%) and sitagliptin (59.0%). In the multivariate analysis, women with T2DM were more likely to have poor adherence (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.76, 95% CI=0.67, 0.86) compared with men. Also, medication oversupply was more likely among patients with hyperpolypharmacy (AOR=1.88, 95% CI=1.36, 2.63), comorbid osteoarthritis (AOR=1.72, 95% CI=1.20, 02.45) and non-Saudi patients (AOR=1.53, 95% CI=1.16, 2.01). However, no association was found between glycaemic control and adherence to OADs.ConclusionThe study findings support the growing concern of non-adherence to OADs among patients with T2DM in Saudi Arabia. Decision makers have to invest in behavioural interventions that will boost medication adherence rates. This is particularly important in patients with polypharmacy and high burden of comorbid conditions.

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