scholarly journals Assessment of HIV-related stigma and determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS in Abeokuta, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211986910
Author(s):  
Olaide Olutoyin Oke ◽  
Adeolu Oladayo Akinboro ◽  
Fatai Olatunde Olanrewaju ◽  
Olatunbosun Ayokunle Oke ◽  
Ayanfe Samuel Omololu
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Score ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Enacted Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: HIV/AIDS-related stigma remains an essential barrier to the formulated care delivery and improved quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Only a few studies have evaluated stigma and its determinants as concerns people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional design study recruited 386 people living with HIV/AIDS attending the government clinic, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria, for the assessment of stigma using Berger’s HIV stigma scale and United States Agency International Development-recommended indicators and questions on HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 386 people living with HIV/AIDS, 322 (83.4%) were females and 64 (16.6%) were males, and 96.9% had disclosed their HIV status. Overall, mean perceived stigma score was moderately high at 95.74 (standard deviation = ±16.04). Majority (77.2%) of the participants experienced moderately perceived stigma. Among the subscales, disclosure concerns contributed the most to stigma score at 68.9%. Enacted stigma in the last 12 months was documented in 35.8% (138). There was no association observed between age, gender, marital status and HIV-related stigma. However, low education was associated with higher negative self-image perception (31.83 ± 5.81 vs 29.76 ± 5.74, p < 0.001). Furthermore, higher perceived stigma score was associated with abandonment by spouses (p < 0.001), isolation from household members (p < 0.001) and social exclusion (p < 0.001). We demonstrated a correlation between the domains of enacted stigma and Berger HIV stigma scales except for the loss of resources. Conclusion: Perceived HIV-related stigma is moderately high among people living with HIV/AIDS. Low education, disclosure concerns, spousal or household abandonment and social exclusion are the significant contributors. HIV-related stigma preventive interventions at different levels of care are advocated.

scholarly journals Stigma Among Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Cross Sectional Study in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Azreen Abdullah ◽  
Adibah Hanim Ismail ◽  
Ching Siew Mooi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction:HIV stigma refers to negative beliefs, feelings and attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLWH), groups associated with PLWH and other key populations at higher risk of HIV infection, such as people who inject drugs, sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender people. Despite the advancement made in the knowledge and treatment of HIV, PLWH continues to be stigmatized.Objective: To determine the level of HIV stigma and its predictors among people living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients aged 18 and above at infectious disease clinic in Hospital Sungai Buloh, Gombak, Malaysia. HIV stigma was assessed using Berger’s HIV stigma scale, which is available in Bahasa Malaysia and English.A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine their demographic and clinical characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors.Results: 526 subjects participated in this study. The mean age of the study population was 33.5± 8.4 years. The majority of the participants were male (90.9%) and contracted HIV through sexual activities (87.8%). The mean score of HIV stigma was 104.7 ± 19.5. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, patients who were unemployed (B = -8.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -12.12,-3.88, p = < 0.001) and being on antiretroviral treatment (B = 4.95, 95% (CI) = 0.30, 9.60, p = < 0.037) had higher level of HIV stigma.Conclusions: The level of HIV stigma was high (mean score =104.7 ± 19.5). HIV/AIDS patients who are unemployed and on antiretroviral agents were at risks of having higher level of HIV stigma. Future study is needed urgently to implement intervention that can minimize the stigmatization among patients with HIV/AIDS.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 01 January’20 Page : 26-35

scholarly journals Stigmatization among People Living with HIV/AIDS at the Kumba Health District, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 232595821989930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Obinchemti Egbe ◽  
Cynthia Adanze Nge ◽  
Hermann Ngouekam ◽  
Etienne Asonganyi ◽  
Dickson Shey Nsagha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Health District ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

We determined the level, type of stigma, and risk factors associated with stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) by conducting a cross-sectional study from April to June 2018 in 3 HIV treatment centers in the Kumba Health District (KHD), Cameroon. We reviewed hospital registers, conducted focus group discussions, and administered structured questionnaires. For data analysis, we used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. We recorded a total stigma index score of 59.1. Internal stigma (odds ratio [OR] 2.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74-4.98) was common in PLWHA. Also, younger age <30 years (adjusted OR [AOR]: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17-0.94) was linked with stigma reduction while low level of education (AOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.02-2.97) increased the stigma level. HIV-related stigma is pervasive in the lives of PLWHA, with most of them having internal stigmatization. Appropriate health education on HIV will be crucial in reducing stigmatization in the KHD.

scholarly journals A study on the impact of HIV related stigma on adherence to anti-retroviral treatment among people living with HIV/AIDS in central Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Priyanka Rajmohan ◽  
Joe Thomas ◽  
Jubina Bency Anthoora Thodi ◽  
Unnikrishnan Uttumadathil Gopinathan
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: In India, an estimated 20,88,638 people are living with HIV/AIDS (prevalence 0.27%). The people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are facing double burden of physical and psychosocial impact of infection. This study is conducted to determine prevalence of HIV related stigma among PLHA and to find the association between stigma and adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) among HIV patients in central Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from July to December 2018 among 105 adult HIV positive patients who have enrolled in Thrissur Network of People living with HIV/AIDS (TNP PLUS). After obtaining informed consent, the participants were interviewed using a structured interview schedule consisting of questions on socio-demographic details, stigma and ART adherence.Results: The prevalence of high stigma was found to be 21% and moderate stigma 61%.Out of 105 study subjects,68 (64.8%) were found to have a high adherence to ART (≥95%) and 37 (35.2%) were found to have a low adherence (<95%). Patients who had a moderate/high internalized stigma tend to have a low adherence to ART as compared to patients who had low stigma (OR=3.4 (1.2-12.8) p=0.04). On analyzing the association between the different forms of stigma and adherence to ART, isolation by family members, abandoned by friends and verbal stigma were significantly associated with low ART adherence.Conclusions: HIV related internalized stigma was pervasive among the study subjects. These patients also experience other forms of enacted stigma. The presence of internalized stigma was found to be significantly associated with low adherence to ART.

scholarly journals Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Vaman Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals. Methodology: In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A large proportion (41.3%) of the participants were in the age-group of 26 to 35 years. Confidentiality of the HIV positivity status was maintained only in 14.4% of the participants. Compared to females (48.2%), more than half (51.5%) of the male participants had experienced HIV/AIDS-related personalized stigma ( P > .05). Conclusion: HIV-related stigma and discrimination are the major social determinants driving the epidemic, despite the advances in medical treatment and increases in the awareness about the disease.

scholarly journals Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Pasien Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antiretroviral Pasien Hiv Aids Di Poli Rsud Dr. Drajat Prawiranegara Serang Banten

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Dalfian Adnan TH ◽  
Ahmad Kheru ◽  
Dede Marwan
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

 ABSTRACT: RELATIONSHIP ON FAMILY SUPPORT AND PATIENT EDUCATION ON COMPLIANCE WITH HIV AIDS PATIENTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS AT POLI RSUD DR. PRAWIRANEGARA DRAJAT SERANG BANTEN  Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) means treating HIV infection with several drugs. There are major obstacles around the world in improving ART adherence. Several factors are predisposition factors, namely education levels, and driving factors, namely family support. The higher the level of education of a person, the more obedient the person is in undergoing treatment, and the more encouragement the family gets, the more obedient to treatment. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and patient education level with adherence to taking antiretroviral drugs for HIV-aids patients in dr. Drajat Prawiranegara Serang Banten.Research Method: This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study was 75 respondents who had met the inclusion criteria. The level of education, family support, and medication intake were assessed using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi square test where p <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The highest number of PLHIV family support at the Serang Banten Regional General Hospital in 2020 was 39 people (52.0%), greater than the 36 respondents who did not receive family support (48.0%). There were 7 people living with HIV with family support and disobedience (17.9%), 18 people living with HIV without family support and disobedience, 32 people living with HIV receiving family support and obedience ), as well as PLWHA who do not receive family support and obey as many as 18 people (50.0%) with a value of p = 0.007 (p <0.05) and 95% CI and OR 4.57 (1.6-13.02) times greater than not being able to support the family. The education level of PLWHA at the Serang Banten Regional General Hospital in 2020 was mostly low education respondents (SMP and SMA), namely as many as 47 people (62.7%), greater than respondents with high education (Academy / Bachelor) only 28 people (37, 3%). There were 21 people with low education and non-compliance with HIV / AIDS, 4 people with higher education and non-adherence (14.3%), 26 people living with HIV with low education and obedience (55, 3%), as well as PLWHA with higher education and obedience as many as 24 people (85.7%) with a value of p = 0.014 (p <0.05) and CI 95% and OR 4.846 times greater than those with low education.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between family support and education level with adherence to taking ARV drugs in PLHIV. Keywords: Family support and education level, compliance with ARV medication, PLWHABSTRAK: HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN PASIEN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ANTIRETROVIRAL PASIEN HIV AIDS DI POLI RSUD DR. DRAJAT PRAWIRANEGARA SERANG BANTEN  Latar belakang : Terapi antiretroviral (ART) berarti mengobati infeksi HIV dengan beberapa obat. Terdapat kendala utama di seluruh dunia dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan ART beberapa faktor adalah faktor presdisposisi yaitu Tingkat pendidikan dan faktor Pendorong yaitu dukungan keluarga. Semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan seseorang maka semakin patuh orang tersebut dalam menjalani pengobatan dan semakin dapat dorongan keluarga maka semakin patuh dalam menjalani pengobatan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan pasien terhadap kepatuhan minum obat antiretroviral pasien hiv aids di poli rsud dr. drajat prawiranegara serang banten tahun 2020Metode penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 75 responden yang telah memenuhi criteria inklusi. Tingkat pendidikan, dukungan keluarga dan kepatuan minum obat dinilai menggunakan alat kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi squere dimana nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna.Hasil : Dukungan keluarga ODHA di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Serang Banten Tahun 2020 terbanyak adalah berjumlah 39 orang (52.0%), lebih besar dari responden yang tidak mendapat dukungan keluarga berjumlah 36 orang (48,0%). ODHA dengan mendapat dukungan keluarga dan tidak patuh sebanyak 7 orang (17,9%), ODHA Tidak mendapat dukungan keluarga dan tidak patuh sebanyak 18 orang (50,0%), ODHA Mendapat dukungan keluarga dan patuh sebanyak 32 orang (82,1%), serta ODHA Tidak mendapat dukungan keluarga dan patuh sebanyak 18 orang (50,0%) dengan nilai p = 0,007 (p < 0,05) dan CI 95% serta OR 4,57 (1,6-13,02) kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tidak dapat dukungan keluarga. Tingkat pendidikan ODHA di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Serang Banten Tahun 2020 terbanyak adalah responden pendidikan rendah (SMP dan SMA) yaitu sebanyak 47 orang (62.7%), lebih besar dari responden yang berpendidikan tinggi (Akademi/ Sarjana)  hanya berjumlah 28 orang (37,3%).ODHA dengan pendidikan rendah dan tidak patuh sebanyak 21 orang (44,7%), ODHA dengan pendidikan tinggi dan tidak patuh sebanyak 4 orang (14,3%), ODHA dengan pendidikan rendah dan patuh sebanyak 26 orang (55,3%), serta ODHA dengan pendidikan tinggi dan patuh sebanyak 24 orang (85,7%) dengan nilai p = 0,014 (p < 0,05) dan CI 95% serta OR 4,846 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pendidikan rendah.Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan dengan kepatuhan minum obat ARV pada ODHA. Kata kunci: Dukungan keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan, Kepatuhan Minum Obat  ARV, ODHA

scholarly journals Stigma mastery in people living with HIV: gender similarities and theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Patrick Namisi ◽  
John C. Munene ◽  
Rhoda K. Wanyenze ◽  
Anne R. Katahoire ◽  
Rosalinda M. Parkes-Ratanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Aims This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, factors associated with, and to build a theoretical framework for understanding Internalsed HIV-related Stigma Mastery (IHSM). Methods A cross-sectional study nested within a 2014 Stigma Reduction Cohort in Uganda was used. The PLHIV Stigma Index version 2008, was used to collect data from a random sample of 666 people living with HIV (PLHIV) stratified by gender and age. SPSS24 with Amos27 softwares were used to build a sequential-mediation model. Results The majority of participants were women (65%), aged ≥ 40 years (57%). Overall, IHSM was 45.5% among PLHIV, that increased with age. Specifically, higher IHSM correlated with men and older women “masculine identities” self-disclosure of HIV-diagnosis to family, sharing experiences with peers. However, lower IHSM correlated with feminine gender, the experience of social exclusion stress, fear of future rejection, and fear of social intimacy. Thus, IHSM social exclusion with its negative effects and age-related cognition are integrated into a multidimensional IHSM theoretical framework with a good model-to-data fit. Conclusion Internalised HIV-related Stigma Mastery is common among men and older women. Specificially, “masculine identities” self-disclose their own HIV-positive diagnosis to their family, share experiences with peers to create good relationships for actualising or empowerment in stigma mastery. However, social exclusion exacerbates series of negative effects that finally undermine stigma mastery by young feminine identities. Thus, stigma mastery is best explained by an integrated empowerment framework, that has implications for future practice, policy, and stigma-related research that we discuss.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Determinants of HIV Stigma among Men Who Have Sex with Men in San Francisco, California

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8031
Author(s):  
Dharma N. Bhatta ◽  
Jennifer Hecht ◽  
Shelley N. Facente
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Stigma and discrimination are major challenges faced by people living with HIV (PLWH), and stigma continues to be prevalent among PLWH. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 584 men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV between July 2018 and December 2020, designed to better understand which demographic and behavioral characteristics of MSM living with HIV in San Francisco, California are associated with experience of stigma, so that programs and initiatives can be tailored appropriately to minimize HIV stigma’s impacts. Methods: This analysis was conducted with data from San Francisco AIDS Foundation (SFAF) encompassing services from multiple different locations in San Francisco. Data about the level of HIV-related stigma experienced were collected through a single question incorporated into programmatic data collection forms at SFAF as part of the client record stored in SFAF’s electronic health record. We performed linear regression to determine the associations between self-reported experiences of HIV stigma and other characteristics among MSM living with HIV. Results: HIV stigma was low overall among MSM living with HIV who are actively engaged in HIV care in San Francisco; however, it was significantly higher for the age groups of 13–29 years (adjusted risk difference (ARD): 0.251, 95% CI: 0.012, 0.489) and 30–49 years (ARD: 0.205, 95% CI: 0.042, 0.367) when compared to the age group of 50 years and older, as well as people who were homeless (ARD: 0.844, 95% CI: 0.120, 1.568), unstably housed (ARD: 0.326, 95% CI: 0.109, 0.543) and/or having mental health concerns (ARD: 0.309, 95% CI: 0.075, 0.544), controlling for race, injection history, and viral load. Conclusions: These findings highlight an opportunity to develop culturally, socially, and racially appropriate interventions to reduce HIV stigma among MSM living with HIV, particularly for younger men and those struggling with housing stability and/or mental health.

Quality of Life in People Living With HIV: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Gert Scheerder ◽  
Sandra Van den Eynde ◽  
Patrick Reyntiens ◽  
Ria Koeck ◽  
Jessika Deblonde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

This cross-sectional survey explored the quality of life in 505 people living with HIV in Belgium. Several domains of quality of life were impaired: 26% had been diagnosed with depression and 43% had weak social support. HIV-related stigma is still widespread, with 49% believing most people with HIV are rejected and 65% having experienced discrimination due to HIV. The impact of HIV was limited on professional life, but 40% experienced a negative impact on life satisfaction and 41% a negative impact on sexual life. For several domains, people with a recent diagnosis of HIV and long-term survivors had significantly worse scores. This survey also uncovered strengths of people living with HIV, such as positive coping and HIV self-image. Expanding the scope of quality of life in people living with HIV may provide a more complete picture of relevant life domains that may be impacted by living with HIV, but this needs further validation.

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