scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, challenges, and the currently available diagnostic tools for the determination of helminths infections in human

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922095991
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Nosheen Aslam ◽  
Rida Zainab ◽  
Aziz-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Ghulam Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Review Study

Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) are among the major public health issues in tropical and sub-tropical countries infecting more than 2 billion humans worldwide. STH causes considerable morbidity in children, affecting their cognitive development and physical growth. Endemic areas with poor sanitation and limited access to good quality water supply have the highest burden of STH infection. Various approaches to reduce and control the worm infections include the intermittent deworming of children with anti-helminthic drugs. Individual patient management and population based studies can only be successful upon using the diagnostic techniques with high accuracy. The lack of reliable tools for the provision of correct diagnostic results about the status and intensity of infection is a major challenge, as these factors varies considerably in areas of low infection intensities. The techniques currently available for the diagnosis of parasitic infections show limited specificity and sensitivity and as such several techniques in combination are normally used in diagnosing the variety of parasite species infection. This review article was planned to study the prevalence, risk factors, and the available diagnostic techniques for soil and water transmitted helminthes infections in humans. This article also discussed the challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management of worm infections particularly helminthes. The articles available online on important portals like google scholar, PubMed, Digital Libraries, PakMediNet, Science direct, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) were searched for inclusion of the data in this review study. Duplicate studies and irrelevant reports describing the general aspects of parasite infections were excluded. This review study provides a comprehensive report on the prevalence, accurate diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic protocols to reduce the burden of worms infections. WHO suggests the chemotherapy for worm infections as feasible and cost effective strategy in schools due to the lack of proper policy for the prevention of intestinal worms.

Nurse parasite clinics and the benefits of routine testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Ian Wright ◽  
Philippa Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Preventative Treatment ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Cats and dogs are infected with a wide range of parasites, many of which are capable of causing or contributing to disease. Veterinary nurses play a vital role in helping to formulate parasite control plans for pets. Routine diagnostic testing alongside risk-based appropriate preventative treatment is important for efficacy of treatment to be monitored, screening for sub-clinical parasitic infections and drug resistance and to demonstrate that current parasite control recommendations are adequate. A wide range of diagnostic tools are available to veterinary practices and this article considers some of the diagnostic techniques available for routine parasite diagnosis and how they might be used in parasite prevention plans for cats and dogs.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Techniques of Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Impact on Control Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirabeau Mbong Ngwese ◽  
Gédéon Prince Manouana ◽  
Paul Alvyn Nguema Moure ◽  
Michael Ramharter ◽  
Meral Esen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common in the tropical and subtropical countries. The burden of disease is highest in endemic areas with limited access to good quality water supply and poor sanitary conditions. Major approaches to control and reduce morbidity caused by worm infections include the periodic deworming of pre-school and school-aged children with anthelminthic drugs. Population-based studies and individual patient management including interventional studies can only be successful when accurate diagnostic techniques are used. The lack of appropriate diagnostic tools providing accurate results concerning both infectious status and intensity of infection—as these two factors vary in regions of low infection intensities—is a major challenge. Currently, available techniques show limited sensitivity and specificity and as such, a combination of several techniques is usually used to diagnose the large variety of parasite species. The objective of this review was to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the different available techniques for the diagnosis of STH infections and to highlight their use in control programs.

scholarly journals Considerations for the Assessment of Substrates, Genetics and Risk Factors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Dominik Linz ◽  
Sander Verheule ◽  
Aaron Isaacs ◽  
Ulrich Schotten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Personalised Treatment

Successful translation of research focussing on atrial arrhythmogenic mechanisms has potential to provide a mechanism-tailored classification and to support personalised treatment approaches in patients with AF. The clinical uptake and clinical implementation of new diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies require translational research approaches on various levels. Diagnostic translation involves the development of clinical diagnostic tools. Additionally, multidisciplinary teams are required for collaborative translation to describe genetic mechanisms, molecular pathways, electrophysiological characteristics and concomitant risk factors. In this article, current approaches for AF substrate characterisation, analysis of genes potentially involved in AF and strategies for AF risk factor assessment are summarised. The authors discuss challenges and obstacles to clinical translation and implementation into clinical practice.

Diagnostic scales for suicide risk assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
L. Gelda ◽  
L. Nesterovich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
High Incidence

The problem of adequate diagnostic tools use for suicide risk assessment т medical research and practice is of extreme importance because of the high incidence of suicide in the population of psychotic patients and the high vulnerability of the latter to the known risk factors. The article provides ап overview of the existing psychometric instruments (scales) used to assess the risk of suicide in psychiatry as well as in general medicine.

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