scholarly journals Social Judgments as a Measure of Right Mindfulness

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401668681
Author(s):  
Robert Lindsay Hakan ◽  
Julia M. Neal ◽  
John Lothes
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale

Mindfulness should be associated with decreased automatic responding and with increased empathy and compassion. Therefore, given an opportunity to express judgments about other people, a highly mindful person should be less inclined to express negative and unnecessary judgments. The present study provided participants the opportunity to express judgments about photographs of other people in a procedure that attempted to control for potential demand characteristics associated with self-report measures of mindfulness. Expressed judgments were panel rated, and the derived judgment scores were regressed with participant scores on the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Results demonstrated no overall significant relationship between judgments and MAAS or FFMQ total scores. However, a significant relationship between judgment scores and the “act with awareness” and the “non-judgment” facets of the FFMQ was observed. Judgment scores were also related to self-reported involvement in mindfulness activities such as meditation and yoga. These results suggest that self-reported mindfulness may not completely align with behaviors that logically reflect right mindfulness. Moreover, social judgment may be a useful overt measure related to mindfulness. The results also provide empirical evidence of the very strong social tendency to negatively and often derogatorily judge other people.

What About the Different Shortened Versions of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale?

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 966-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Chiesi ◽  
Maria Anna Donati ◽  
Angelo Panno ◽  
Mauro Giacomantonio ◽  
Caterina Primi
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Theory Framework

Given the mixed conclusions on the psychometric properties of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the variety of subsets of items identified as abbreviated forms, the current study aimed to (a) further investigate the performance of single items and different combinations of items of the MAAS from within an Item Response Theory framework, (b) to expand upon existing knowledge about the coverage of the construct of the scale and its shortened versions. A sample of 914 participants (67.6% women; mean age 23.28, SD = 4.77) completed the MAAS. To fulfill the second aim of the study, of the total sample, two subsamples ( N = 156 and N = 158, respectively) were administered a battery of self-report questionnaires. Analyses attested that four items of the MAAS have weak psychometric properties and that the reliability of the scale remains unchanged when these items are excluded. The relationships with several constructs (consciousness, present-time attitude, emotional intelligence, alexithymia, emotion regulation strategies, behavioral inhibition and activation, affect, anxiety, and depression) provided evidence that the scale adequately reflects the operationalization of the construct, although some facets of the construct are only partially covered. The current findings confirm that the MAAS might be slightly shortened without reducing its reliability and validity, but drastically abbreviated forms, such as the proposed five-item version, fail to maintain adequate psychometric properties.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Mindful Attention Awareness, Perceived Stress and Subjective Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12290
Author(s):  
Stevie-Jae Hepburn ◽  
Annemaree Carroll ◽  
Louise McCuaig
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Teacher Training ◽  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Complementary Intervention

It has been suggested that mindfulness is a predictive factor in self-reported perceived stress. The present study aimed to investigate the link between mindful attention awareness, perceived stress and subjective wellbeing without the presence of a complementary intervention to promote mindfulness-based strategies. Methods: The online survey participants (N = 257) were university students enrolled in initial teacher training. Self-report measures included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Results: PWI was negatively correlated with PSS (r = −0.550, p = .001), MAAS was negatively correlated with PSS (r = −0.567, p = .001) and positively correlated with PWI (r = 0.336, p = .001). The mean score for PSS (M = 20.61, SD = 6.62) was above the reported norm (14.2). Conclusions: The findings suggest that higher levels of mindful attention awareness may be associated with lower levels of perceived stress and higher subjective wellbeing levels and lower levels of perceived stress may be associated with higher subjective wellbeing. The findings confirm that pre-service teachers are a demographic that experiences elevated levels of perceived stress regardless of the stage in initial teacher training programs.

scholarly journals How Disgust Affects Social Judgments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoel Inbar ◽  
David Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Moral Condemnation ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance ◽  
The Relationship

The emotion of disgust has been claimed to affect a diverse array of social judgments, including moral condemnation, inter-group prejudice, political ideology, and much more. We attempt to make sense of this large and varied literature by reviewing the theory and research on how and why disgust influences these judgments. We first describe two very different perspectives adopted by researchers on why disgust should affect social judgment. The first is the pathogen-avoidance account, which sees the relationship between disgust and judgment as resulting from disgust’s evolved function as a pathogen-avoidance mechanism. The second is the extended disgust account, which posits that disgust functions much more broadly to address a range of other threats and challenges. We then review the empirical evidence to assess how well it supports each of these perspectives, arguing that there is more support for the pathogen-avoidance account than the extended account. We conclude with some testable empirical predictions that can better distinguish between these two perspectives.

The Draw-A-Person Test and Body Image

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Handelzalts ◽  
Yael Ben-Artzy-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Body Image Scale ◽  
Healthy Female

The Draw-A-Person (DAP) test has been the center of a long-lasting debate regarding its validity. This study investigated the DAP indices of height, width (size), and inclusion/omission of details and their relation to body image as measured by a self-report scale (Gray’s body image scale) and manifested by the diet behaviors and body mass index of 55 healthy female students. Although the drawings of the diet group were smaller, there was no significant relationship between figure size and diet behaviors. However, body image as measured by a self-report scale did result in significant differences between groups. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the size of the figure drawn and body image as measured by a self-report scale (larger figures correlated with better body image). No significant results were found for the omission/inclusion indices of the DAP. These results are discussed in light of previous findings regarding the DAP.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA RASIO KREDIT BERMASALAH DENGAN RASIO PROFITABILITAS: Studi Empiris pada BPRse-Kota Tangerang Periode 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Yohan Henri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The City

The aims of this study is to find empirical evidence, that there is a significant relationship between the Non Performing Loan Ratio is reflected in indicators of Non-Performing Loan (NPL) with a Profitability Ratio that is reflected in the indicators Net Profit Margin (NPM).The collecting of data method is secondary sources from Quarterly Financial Report Rural Banks (hereinafter referred to as BPR) as the city of Tangerang. The sample in this study is BPRin Kota Tangerang are categorized as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SMEs). The hypothesis was tested by normality test and linear regression, The results of the study are not found empirical evidence that there is a significant relationship between Non-Performing Loan Ratios were reflected in NPL with Ratio Profitability indicators are reflected in indicators of NPM.These results indicate that required the mediating factor, namely the Contractual Interest Income from Loans and Expenses of Assets Allowance (hereinafter referred PPAPWD) Keywords: Non-Performing Loan, Net Profit Margin

Will Life Extension Affect Our Social Judgments? Evidence That the Possibility of Indefinite Life Extension Increases Harshness Toward Social Transgressors

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412198899
Author(s):  
Peter J. Helm ◽  
Uri Lifshin ◽  
Jeff Greenberg ◽  
Tom Pyszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgment ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Positive Attitudes

We tested the hypothesis that if indefinite life extension (ILE) through medical technologies were to become a reality, then people may become harsher in their judgment of social transgressors. In support of this hypothesis, we found that higher positive attitudes towards ILE technologies related to harshness in judgment of social transgressions (Study 1), and that making ILE plausible (compared to not plausible) led participants to endorse harsher punishments for social transgressors (Studies 2–3). We replicated this effect and found that it is not amplified by subliminal death primes, although the primes also increased harshness (Study 3). These results may have implications to understanding how social judgment may be affected by the prospect of ILE.

The Estonian Mindful Attention Awareness Scale: Assessing Mindfulness Without a Distinct Linguistic Present Tense

Mindfulness ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riin Seema ◽  
Jordan T. Quaglia ◽  
Kirk Warren Brown ◽  
Anna Sircova ◽  
Kenn Konstabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Present Tense

scholarly journals Cognitive and Affective Processes Associated with Social Biases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Kaneko ◽  
Yui Asaoka ◽  
Young-A Lee ◽  
Yukiori Goto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Negative Affects ◽  
Social Biases

Abstract Background Decision-making and judgments in our social activities often erroneous and irrational, known as social biases. However, cognitive and affective processes that produce such biases remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated associations between social schemas, such as social judgment and conformity, entailing social biases and psychological measurements relevant to cognitive and affective functions. Method Forty-two healthy adult subjects were recruited in this study. A psychological test and a questionnaire were administered to assess biased social judgements by superficial attributes and social conformity by adherence to social norms, respectively, along with additional questionnaires and psychological tests for cognitive and affective measurements, including negative affects, autistic traits, and Theory of Mind (ToM). Associations of social judgment and conformity with cognitive and affective functions were examined multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. Results Anxiety and the cognitive realm of ToM were mutually associated with both social judgments and conformity, although social judgements and conformity were still independent processes with each other. Social judgements were also associated with autistic traits and the affective realm of ToM, whereas social conformity was associated with negative affects other than anxiety and intuitive decision-making style. Conclusions These results suggest that ToM and negative affects may play important roles in social judgements and conformity, and social biases connoted in these social schemas.

Ethnicity, Sex and Snoring

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hicks ◽  
Kristy Lucero-Gorman ◽  
Patrick Ching
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
University Undergraduates ◽  
First Time

The associations of the incidence of snoring with ethnicity and sex were measured using self-report data collected from 1098 university undergraduates. Both the relationships were significant. The unique feature of these data is that for the first time, a significant relationship between ethnicity and snoring has been reported.

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