Political demography: Powerful forces between disciplinary stools

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Teitelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Demography ◽  
High Level ◽  
International Strategies

The interconnections between politics and the dramatic demographic changes underway around the world have been under-attended by the two research disciplines that could contribute most to their understanding: demography and political science. Instead this area of “political demography” has largely been ceded to political activists, pundits and journalists, leading to often exaggerated or garbled interpretation. The terrain includes issues that now rank among the most politically sensitive and contested in many parts of the world, engaging high-level attention including that of numerous presidents and premiers: alleged demographically-determined shifts in the international balance of power; low fertility, population aging, and the sustainability of public pension and other age-related systems; international migration; national identity; compositional shifts in politically sensitive social categories (ethnic/religious/racial/linguistic/national origin); and human rights. Moreover it now is apparent that many governments (and nongovernmental actors too) have actively been pursuing varieties of “strategic demography”, in which one or more of the three key demographic drivers (fertility, mortality, migration) have been deployed—consciously if not always explicitly—as instruments of their domestic or international strategies. The prospects for the coming decades seem to be for more of the same, and it would well behoove political scientists and demographers to employ their considerable knowledge and analytic techniques in ways that could improve public understanding and moderate the excessive claims and fears that prevail.

scholarly journals Demographic aging in the aspect of gender problems in modern Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Dobrokhleb
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
Current Century

The purpose of the research is to identify the features of demographic aging in terms of gender problems in modern Russia. The most significant demographic transformation of the current century is the process of population aging. It is established that the distinctive characteristics of the demographic dynamics in our country are: changing age structure of the population against the background of low fertility connected with the second stage of depopulation in Russia; a significant lagging behind not only economically developed but also several developing countries in life expectancy for both women and men; prevailing demographic asymmetry by gender; low indicators of healthy life expectancy, which are calculated without taking into account the gender component; burden of age-related diseases accumulated by the age of 65. It is shown that in Russia the number of elderly and old women exceeds the number of their male coevals by more than 15 million. Social, technological, and demographic transformations impact the dynamics of social roles. The most important change is the growth of women in paid work throughout the world, including in Russia. And women of retirement age have a high risk of social isolation. For many Russian pensioners with low per capita income and no savings the main strategy is that of survival. So now the most topical problem is changing the stereotype of women’s old age, associated with such concepts as lack of development, untidy appearance of a person without gender and desires that causes physical rejection.

scholarly journals Consumer Financial Knowledge and Retirement Planning Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Chen ◽  
Zijun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Retirement Planning ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Financial Capability ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

With the increasingly serious problem of population aging around the world, the issue of consumer retirement planning behaviors has been highlighted in recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consumer financial knowledge on retirement planning behaviors. Utilizing the data from the National Financial Capability Study in 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018, this study measures consumer retirement planning behavior through the variables of whether consumers have retirement accounts and whether they regularly contribute to their retirement account. To verify the robustness, a series of additional regressions are conducted by replacing the estimation approach and dropping income outliers. The results imply that consumers with a high level of financial knowledge tend to perform desirable retirement behaviors. Based on the results, we recommend that financial education programs should be widely introduced and targeted at those who lack financial knowledge, such as the elderly and the under-educated, to stimulate consumers to improve their retirement planning behaviors.

scholarly journals What do people know about the senses? Understanding perceptions of variation in sensory experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cuskley ◽  
Charalampos Saitis
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
High Educational

Academic disciplines spanning cognitive science, art, and music have made strides in understanding how humans sense and experience the world. We now have a better scientific understanding of how human sensation and perception function both in the brain and in interaction than ever before. However, there is little research on how this high level scientific understanding is translated into knowledge for the public more widely. We present descriptive results from a simple survey and compare how public understanding and perception of sensory experience lines up with scientific understanding. Results show that even in a sample with fairly high educational attainment, many respondents were unaware of fairly common forms of sensory variation. In line with the well-documented under representation of sign languages within linguistics, respondents tended to under-estimate the number of sign languages in the world. We outline how our results represent gaps in public understanding of sensory variation, and argue that filling these gaps can form an important early intervention, acting as a basic foundation for improving acceptance, inclusivity, and accessibility for cognitively diverse populations.

New walls to keep the bad out: populism and the totalitarian psyche

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Coline Covington
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Psychic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cold War

The Berlin Wall came down on 9 November 1989 and marked the end of the Cold War. As old antagonisms thawed a new landscape emerged of unification and tolerance. Censorship was no longer the principal means of ensuring group solidarity. The crumbling bricks brought not only freedom of movement but freedom of thought. Now, nearly thirty years later, globalisation has created a new balance of power, disrupting borders and economies across the world. The groups that thought they were in power no longer have much of a say and are anxious about their future. As protest grows, we are beginning to see that the old antagonisms have not disappeared but are, in fact, resurfacing. This article will start by looking at the dissembling of a marriage in which the wall that had peacefully maintained coexistence disintegrates and leads to a psychic development that uncannily mirrors that of populism today. The individual vignette leads to a broader psychological understanding of the totalitarian dynamic that underlies populism and threatens once again to imprison us within its walls.

Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
American University ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Education And Development

“The real treasure is in the minds of our children, and all we have to do is extract it.” Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah writes in website Queen Rania Foundation For Education And Development www.qrf.org/en. Rania Al Yassin was born on August 31, 1970. She obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from the American University of Cairo in 1991. She applied this, first, to a banking career in Jordan and, later, to the information technology sector. After marrying Prince Abdullah bin Al Hussein on June 10, 1993, they went on to have four children: Prince Hussein, Princess Iman, Princess Salma, and Prince Hashem. In addition to being a wife and mother, Queen Rania works hard to lift the lives of Jordanians by supporting their endeavours and helping to create new opportunities for them. Locally, she is committed to breathe new life into the public education system; empower communities and women especially through microfinance initiatives; protect children and families; and drive innovation, technology and entrepreneurship, especially amongst young people. Internationally, Queen Rania is an advocate for tolerance, compassion and bridge building between people of all cultures and backgrounds. Her efforts to simultaneously challenge stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims, and promote greater understanding and acceptance between people of all faiths and cultures, have won her global recognition. Her Majesty’s passion is education. She believes that every Jordanian girl and boy, and all children, should have access not only to stimulating classrooms and modern curricula, but inspiring teachers and technology that can connect Jordan’s children to the world and the world to Jordan’s children. Her efforts in the education sector complement the work of the Ministry of Education through initiatives such as the Jordan Education Initiative, the Queen Rania Teachers Academy, Madrasati, Edraak and others. To realize these and so much more, Queen Rania has encouraged private sector partners to drive improvements and strengthen the foundations of Jordan’s education system. Queen Rania is also a global voice for access to quality education for children around the world. In 2009, Her Majesty championed the 1 Goal campaign for education; she is Honorary Chair of the UN Girl’s Education Initiatives and has advocated access to education in forums and gatherings around the world. Her work and her efforts to improve the learning opportunities for children have been recognized at the highest levels, nationally, regionally and internationally. Additionally, through her position on their boards, Her Majesty contributes to the work of the United Nations Fund and the World Economic Forum. She is the Eminent Advocate for UNICEF; and she was part of the UN appointed High Level Panel who advised on the shape and content of the Sustainable Development Goals which aim to improve the lives of millions of people before 2030. In recognition of her work, Her Majesty has humbly accepted many awards, locally, regionally and globally. These include the Walther Rathenau Award from the Walther RathenauInstitut in Germany for her efforts to greater peace and understanding; the James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award from Tech Awards, USA; the Arab Knight of Giving Award from Arab Giving Forum, UAE; the North South Prize by the North South Prize, Portugal; as well as the YouTube Visionary Award. Her Majesty authored several books primarily for children including the Sandwich Swap, which was inspired by her own childhood experiences.

Global warming influences dynamics of plague’s epidemic manifestations in XX-XXI centuries

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
E.S. Zenkevich ◽  
N.V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
High Level

During the second half of 20th century, a high level of plague incidence in the world was in 1960–1979 and 1990–2009. The significant decrease of infection cases was in 1950–1959, 1980–1989, 2010–2015. It is noticed, that the observed cyclical nature of the alternation of high and low incidence plague’s periods, in many respects related to modern trend of climate fluctuations.

SYNONYMY OF STABLE PHRASES IN THE DICTIONARY OF SMOLENSK DIALECTS: THE ANALYSIS EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Nina Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
National Language ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Volumetric Representation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Linguistic Units

The attention of modern linguistics to the study of verbal representatives of the mental essence (both individual and collective one) of the native speakers involves an appeal to all subsystems of the national language where territorial dialects take a significant part. The analysis of dialect linguistic units possessing linguistic and cultural value is considered as a necessary way for the study of people’s worldview and perception of the world, national mentality as a whole. The ability of stable phrases (phraseological units) to preserve and express a native speaker’s attitude to the world around them is the basis for the use of the analysis of folk phraseology as a way of penetration into a speaker’s spiritual world. Volumetric representation of the external and internal peculiarities of stable phrases allows the author to get their systematization in the form of phraseosemantic field consisting of different kinds singled out in phraseosemantic groups. The article deals with stable phrases of synonymic value recorded in the Dictionary of Smolensk dialects and stable phrases forming a phraseosemantic group. These phrases are analyzed taking into account the semantic structure of the key word, the characteristics of the dependent word, and the method of forming phraseological semantics. On the example of the analysis of phrases with the key word «bit’» and a synonymic series with the semantic dominant «bezdel’nichat’», the article discusses the peculiarities of phraseological nomination in Smolensk dialects and confirms a high level of connotativity and evaluation in the folk phraseology.

Language and Aging

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-316
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Peelle
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Level

Language processing in older adulthood is a model of balance between preservation and decline. Despite widespread changes to physiological mechanisms supporting perception and cognition, older adults’ language abilities are frequently well preserved. At the same time, the neural systems engaged to achieve this high level of success change, and individual differences in neural organization appear to differentiate between more and less successful performers. This chapter reviews anatomical and cognitive changes that occur in aging and popular frameworks for age-related changes in brain function, followed by an examination of how these principles play out in the context of language comprehension and production.

scholarly journals Constitutive Expression of TERT Enhances β-Klotho Expression and Improves Age-Related Deterioration in Early Bovine Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5327
Author(s):  
Lianguang Xu ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Myeong-Don Joo ◽  
Tabinda Sidrat ◽  
Yiran Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Plasmid Injection ◽  
Telomere Lengthening

Age-associated decline in oocyte quality is one of the dominant factors of low fertility. Aging alters several key processes, such as telomere lengthening, cell senescence, and cellular longevity of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte. To investigate the age-dependent molecular changes, we examined the expression, localization, and correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and β-Klotho (KLB) in bovine granulosa cells, oocytes, and early embryos during the aging process. Herein, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from aged cows (>120 months) via ovum pick-up (OPU) showed reduced expression of β-Klotho and its co-receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). TERT plasmid injection into pronuclear zygotes not only markedly enhanced day-8 blastocysts’ development competence (39.1 ± 0.8%) compared to the control (31.1 ± 0.5%) and D-galactose (17.9 ± 1.0%) treatment groups but also enhanced KLB and FGFR1 expression. In addition, plasmid-injected zygotes displayed a considerable enhancement in blastocyst quality and implantation potential. Cycloastragenol (CAG), an extract of saponins, stimulates telomerase enzymes and enhances KLB expression and alleviates age-related deterioration in cultured primary bovine granulosa cells. In conclusion, telomerase activation or constitutive expression will increase KLB expression and activate the FGFR1/β-Klotho pathway in bovine granulosa cells and early embryos, inhibiting age-related malfunctioning.

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