Controlling Terrorism Through the Nudging of Social Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Axiomatic System ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Analytical Argument ◽  
Corporate Social

The article explains how ‘nudge theory’ can be applied to alleviate the incidence of terrorism. Nudges, which bring about a change in the environment in which individual choice is exercised, do not just modify the behaviour of individuals in a society but thereby influence the social environment which impacts both the human brain and behaviour. Thus, a nudge when appropriately administered to a large number of individuals can potentially bring about social evolution. This article seeks to reap dividends from this analytical argument by setting up an axiomatic system which captures present-day individual and social behaviour and then elaborates on the resultant social dynamics, which lead to growth of terrorism inducing intercommunity hatred. As humans can evolve, any axioms about human and social behaviour are not timeless. The article therefore suggests nudges for utilizing the bidirectional causality between the human brain and social environment to render one or more axioms toothless and diminish the societal propensity for terrorism. The recommended nudges include those that promote formation of mixed neighbourhoods by discreetly inducing more frequent interactions of a positive nature between members of hitherto hostile socio-economic groups; cultural exchange on neutral ground; and corporate social responsibility fostering the wellbeing of poor communities. JEL Classification: B55, D74, D87

Conceptual foundations for the development of J.G.Turner’s general sociological theory: Metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and analytical scheme

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G.Turner. These foundations are metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and an analytical scheme. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement: social forces cause selection pressures on individuals and force them to change the patterns of their social organization and create new types of sociocultural formations to survive under these pressures. Turner systematized the basic concepts of his theorizing with the allocation of micro-, meso- and macro-levels of social reality. On this basis, he substantiated a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics. According to this scheme, the forces of macrosocial dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. These forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in altered circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained became the basis for the development of his conception of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.

Social Evolution, Hamilton’s Rule, and Inclusive Fitness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Hamilton’S Rule ◽  
Inclusive Fitness Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hamilton's Rule

Inclusive fitness theory, originally due to W. D. Hamilton, is a popular approach to the study of social evolution, but shrouded in controversy. The theory contains two distinct aspects: Hamilton’s rule (rB > C); and the idea that individuals will behave as if trying to maximize their inclusive fitness in social encounters. These two aspects of the theory are logically separable but often run together. A generalized version of Hamilton’s rule can be formulated that is always true, though whether it is causally meaningful is debatable. However, the individual maximization claim only holds true if the payoffs from the social encounter are additive. The notion that inclusive fitness is the ‘goal’ of individuals’ social behaviour is less robust than some of its advocates acknowledge.

scholarly journals CSR and corporate taxes: Substitutes or complements?

2021 ◽  
pp. 234094442110022
Author(s):  
Lukas Timbate
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Aspiration Level ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Business World ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

There is a debate in academia and the business world on whether tax payments should be considered part of firms’ social responsibility. Existing literature provides conflicting evidence on the relationship between corporate tax payments and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Borrowing a concept from a behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF), this study attempts to present a more refined model on the relationship between the two. The results in this study reveal that as firms’ performance rises further above their aspiration level, they are less likely to show better CSR performances and are also less likely to avoid taxes. Firms performing just above their aspiration level show higher CSR performances and firms performing nearby (both below and above) their aspiration level avoid more taxes. In conclusion, firms’ CSR and tax payment decisions are related to the desire to meet or beat an aspiration level or sustain competitive advantage than being ethical or unethical. JEL CLASSIFICATION M14; H26

Managing the Corporate Social Environment: A Grounded Theory

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Feldman ◽  
Robert H. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Corporate Social

Does CSR Contribute to Sustainable Development? What a Régulation Approach Can Tell Us

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lamarche ◽  
Catherine Bodet
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Csr Strategies ◽  
Development Regime ◽  
Institutional Csr ◽  
Strategic Csr ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Regulation Approach

We argue that corporate social responsibility depends on two distinct stylized facts concerning régulation and power. The first—institutional CSR—is institutional in nature, the other—strategic CSR—is economic and productive. The former permits and stabilizes the latter, which in turn gives rise to political compromises structuring institutional mechanisms. CSR strategies and institutions correspond to a private, oligopolistic régulation which shows no signs of being able to pursue a sustainable development regime. JEL classification: B52, D02, L15, M14, P17

Early Modern Spaces in Motion

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
New World ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
The Earth ◽  
German Speaking

Stretching back to antiquity, motion had been a key means of designing and describing the physical environment. But during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, individuals across Europe increasingly designed, experienced, and described a new world of motion: one characterized by continuous, rather than segmented, movement. New spaces that included vistas along house interiors and uninterrupted library reading rooms offered open expanses for shaping sequences of social behaviour, scientists observed how the Earth rotated around the sun, and philosophers attributed emotions to neural vibrations in the human brain. Early Modern Spaces in Motion examines this increased emphasis on motion with eight essays encompassing a geographical span of Portugal to German-speaking lands and a disciplinary range from architectural history to English. It consequently merges longstanding strands of analysis considering people in motion and buildings in motion to explore the cultural historical attitudes underpinning the varied impacts of motion in early modern Europe.

Corporate Governance, Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
Heti Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Corporate Social

A B S T R A C T The issue of corporate responsibility disclosure (CSRD) grows widely. The purpose of this research is to examine empirically wether institutional ownership, independent board, profitability, firm size and firm age have influence toward CSRD of mining companies listed at IDX. This research has causal characteristic, that is is reviewing the relationship between institutional ownership, independent board, profitability, firm size and firm age has an effect CSRD. The population of this research is mining companies at IDX up to 2013. Sampling procedure utilities sampling purposive method. The number of sample uses 90 data and analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The result of hypothesis test shows that institutional ownership and independent board doesn’t have influence toward CSRD, whereas profitability, company size and age partially have influence towards CSRD. A B S T R A K Isu tentang pengungkapan corporate social responsibility berkembang dengan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris, apakah kepemilikan institusional, dewan komisaris independen, profitabilitas, size perusahaan dan umur perusahaan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility perusahaan pertambangan yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat kausal yaitu mengkaji hubungan antara kepemilikan institusional, dewan komisaris independen, profitabilitas, size perusahaan dan umur perusahaan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan-perusahaan pertambangan yang telah terdaftar di BEI sampai dengan tahun 2013. Prosedur pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 90 dan dianalisis dengan metode regresi linier. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemilikan institusional dan dewan komisaris independen yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, sedangkan profitabilitas, size perusahaan dan umur perusahaan secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility. JEL Classification: G34, M14

Appreciation Level and Organizational Performance

2008 ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murako Saito
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Cognitive Fit ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Corporate Social

Corporate environment changing with the advent of information technology and with diversified organization has been inquired to redesign to transform into an intelligent and innovative organization, so that corporate vision and organizational goals in the subsystem of corporate are provided for being shared by multidisciplinary workers and other stakeholders, and corporate social responsibility can also be shared by all the participants. System matching between developing levels in technological systems, and also cognitive fit in the levels of individual, team/group and organization are required not only to maintain good balance, but also to enhance operational and organizational resilience in making appropriate shifts to adapt to changing social environment. To make the shift successfully, cognitive fit or value alignment between individuals and collectives in the environment of advanced technologies is to be studied, so that corporate social responsibility, or for corporate prosperity is to be shared by all the stakeholders.

Challenging corporate commitment to CSR

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1410-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Fehre ◽  
Florian Weber
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Commitment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Purpose In times of crisis, the fundamental principles of companies erode, leading to strategy shifts. This paper aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) is on management’s agenda in times of crisis, indicating CSR embeddedness into corporate strategy. The focus is on the four pillars of CSR: social, environment, economy and governance. Design/methodology/approach Starting points are competing hypotheses based on shareholder and stakeholder theory. Chief executive officer (CEO) letters to shareholders of German HDAX firms from 2003 to 2012 are analyzed by means of computer-aided text analysis. Findings The authors find that CEOs talk less about CSR in times of crisis, especially about social and governance issues, indicating that CSR is not fully embedded into corporate strategy, and that, in times of crisis, other aspects gain more importance on management’s agenda. Research limitations/implications CEO communication is an indicator for management’s attention. Less talk about CSR in times of crisis does not automatically indicate less real CSR activity. This study is a starting point for analyses of the discrepancy between both, if any exists. Practical implications Managers should regard CSR as a strategic and trust enhancing element and stick to CSR even when under pressure from market distortions. Social implications Environment issues – exposed to companies’ attention for a long time – are embedded into corporate strategy. More research and management attention is essential to get the other CSR aspects woven into company DNA as well. Originality/value The paper is the first to research CSR in times of crisis in depth: CSR as umbrella covers social, environment, economy and governance issues. The institutional level of analysis ensures that implications for the business-society link are central.

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