scholarly journals Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction—part 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Coppola ◽  
Tiziano Bellezze ◽  
Alberto Belli ◽  
Maria Chiara Bignozzi ◽  
Fabio Bolzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Alkali Activated

This review presents “a state of the art” report on sustainability in construction materials. The authors propose different solutions to make the concrete industry more environmentally friendly in order to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and consumption of non-renewable resources. Part 1—the present paper—focuses on the use of binders alternative to Portland cement, including sulfoaluminate cements, alkali-activated materials, and geopolymers. Part 2 will be dedicated to traditional Portland-free binders and waste management and recycling in mortar and concrete production.

scholarly journals Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction – Part 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Coppola ◽  
Tiziano Bellezze ◽  
Alberto Belli ◽  
Maria C Bignozzi ◽  
Fabio Bolzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Free Lime

The paper represents the “state of the art” on sustainability in construction materials. In Part 1 of the paper, issues related to production, microstructures, chemical nature, engineering properties, and durability of mixtures based on binders alternative to Portland cement were presented. This second part of the paper concerns the use of traditional and innovative Portland-free lime-based mortars in the conservation of cultural heritage, and the recycling and management of wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources in the production of construction materials. The latter is one of the main concerns in terms of sustainability since nowadays more than 75% of wastes are disposed of in landfills.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Termite Mound Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4754
Author(s):  
Assia Aboubakar Mahamat ◽  
Moussa Mahamat Boukar ◽  
Nurudeen Mahmud Ibrahim ◽  
Tido Tiwa Stanislas ◽  
Numfor Linda Bih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Alkali Activated

Earth-based materials have shown promise in the development of ecofriendly and sustainable construction materials. However, their unconventional usage in the construction field makes the estimation of their properties difficult and inaccurate. Often, the determination of their properties is conducted based on a conventional materials procedure. Hence, there is inaccuracy in understanding the properties of the unconventional materials. To obtain more accurate properties, a support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) were used to predict the compressive strength of the alkali-activated termite soil. In this study, factors such as activator concentration, Si/Al, initial curing temperature, water absorption, weight and curing regime were used as input parameters due to their significant effect in the compressive strength. The experimental results depict that SVM outperforms ANN and LR in terms of R2 score and root mean square error (RMSE).

State of the art on geopolymer concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi G. Ralli ◽  
Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Requirement

PurposeImportant differentiating attributes in the procedures used, the characteristic mineral composition of the binders, and the implications these have on the final long term stability and physico-mechanical performance of the concretes produced are identified and discussed, with the intent to improve transparency and clarity in the field of geopolymer concrete technologies.Design/methodology/approachThis state-of-the-art review covers the area of geopolymer concrete, a class of sustainable construction materials that use a variety of alternative powders in lieu of cement for composing concrete, most being a combination of industrial by-products and natural resources rich in specific required minerals. It explores extensively the available essential materials for geopolymer concrete and provides a deeper understanding of its underlying chemical mechanisms.FindingsThis is a state-of-the-art review introducing the essential characteristics of alternative powders used in geopolymer binders and the effectiveness these have on material performance.Practical implicationsWith the increase of need for alternative cementitious materials, identifying and understanding the critical material components and the effect they may have on the performance of the resulting mixes in fresh as well as hardened state become a critical requirement to for short- and long-term quality control (e.g. flash setting, efflorescence, etc.).Originality/valueThe topic explored is significant in the field of sustainable concrete technologies where there are several parallel but distinct material technologies being developed, such as geopolymer concrete and alkali-activated concrete. Behavioral aspects and results are not directly transferable between the two fields of cementitious materials development, and these differences are explored and detailed in the present study.

Hydration Process of Portland Cement Blended with Silica Fume

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neven Ukrainczyk ◽  
Jure Zlopasa ◽  
Eduard Koenders
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Ultrasound Bath

The enormous carbon footprint associated with the global cement production (5-7%) asks for a radical change in the use of sustainable replacement materials in concrete. Replacement of cement by pozzolanic waste materials, being a by-product from industrial processes, has been widely recognized as the most promising route towards sustainable construction materials. This paper presents experimental study on hydration of commercial Portland cement blended with silica fume in replacement ratio of 15 mass %. Isothermal calorimetry was employed to monitor the hydration kinetics. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled by differential scanning calorimeter (TG/DSC) was used to investigate the formed hydration products at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days of hydration. Two different approaches for a dispersion of silica fume in cement paste were compared: ultrasound bath and addition of superplasticizer (polycarboxylic ether based).

scholarly journals Eco-Efficient Concrete Using Industrial Wastes: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pacheco-Torgal ◽  
A. Shasavandi ◽  
Saíd Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Stone Cutting

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, the production of Portland cement as the essential constituent of concrete requires a considerable energy level. Also releases a significant amount of chemical carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. Global demand will increase almost 200 % by 2050 from 2010 levels. Thus, seeking an eco-efficient and sustainable concrete may be one of the main roles that the construction industry should play in sustainable construction. Portland cement can be partially replaced by cementitious and pozzolanic materials, especially those of industry by-products such as fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, ceramic waste powder and metamorphic rock dust from stone cutting industry. The aggregates are also conserved by replacing them with recycled or waste materials (among which recycled concrete), ceramic waste, post-consumer glass, and recycled tires. All of the previous alternatives are, currently, the most used. This paper summarizes current knowledge about eco-efficient concrete, by reviewing previously published work.

scholarly journals Strength and Microstructure of Concrete with Iron Ore Tailings as Replacement for River Sand

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Umara Shettima ◽  
Yusof Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Nasiru Zakari Muhammad ◽  
Ogunbode Eziekel Babatude
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Iron Ore Tailings ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
And Performance

River Sand is one of the basic ingredients used in the production of concrete. Consequently, continuous consumption of sand in construction industry contributes significantly to depletion of natural resources. To achieve more sustainable construction materials, this paper reports the use of iron ore tailings (IOT) as replacement for river sand in concrete production. IOT is a waste product generated from the production of iron ore and disposed to land fill without any economic value. Concrete mixtures containing different amount of IOT were designed for grade C30 with water to cement ratio of 0.60. The percentage ratios of the river sand replacements by IOT were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Concrete microstructure test namely, XRD and Field Emission Scanned Electron Microscopic/Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX) were conducted for control and IOT concretes in order to determine the interaction and performance of the concrete containing IOT. Test results indicated that the slump values of 130 mm and 80 to 110 mm were recorded for the control and IOT concretes respectively. The concrete sample of 50% IOT recorded the highest compressive strength of 37.7 MPa at 28 days, and the highest flexural strength of 5.5 MPa compared to 4.7 MPa for reference concrete. The texture of the IOT is rough and angular which was able to improve the strength of the concrete.

scholarly journals Materials From Hazardous Iron Ore Treatment Waste, Concrete Demolition Debris And Lime Production Waste to Increase Environmental Sustainability of Industrial Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Mymrin ◽  
Ana Povaluk ◽  
Luana Cechin ◽  
Monica A. Avanci ◽  
Cleber L. Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Ore Treatment ◽  
Lime Production

Abstract To prevent environment pollution by hazardous industrial dumps of iron ore treatment sludge, concrete production/demolition debris and lime production waste sustainable cement-less construction materials were developed for substitution of traditional natural raw components excavated in careers, irreversibly destroying natural bonds. Their ​​ axial resistance values on the 3rd day of hydration were till 2.34 MPa, on the 28th day - up to 3.94 MPa, on the 180th day 8.40 MPa and on the 365th day 10.22 MPa. The expanding coefficient on the 3rd day were till 2.13%, 2.51% on the 28th day, and on the 365th day 2.22%. Water absorption on the 28th day was 7.17 - 9.32% and decreases to 6.26 - 8.64% on the 90th day. All these characteristics correspond to the Brazilian norms. The physical - chemical processes of materials’ structures formation included alkaline dissociation of solid particles’ surface, with sol appearing and densification till transition to gel. Long-lasting gel compaction and densification to stone-like condition made its structure similar to natural rock materials - silica, opal, obsidian, perlite, pumice, amber, flask, etc. They can be used for production of road bases, concrete blocks and solid unburned bricks, among other sustainable construction materials.

scholarly journals Resistance to Chemical Attack of Hybrid Fly Ash-Based Alkali-Activated Concretes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3389
Author(s):  
William G. Valencia-Saavedra ◽  
Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Alkali Activated

The environmental impacts related to Portland cement production in terms of energy consumption, the massive use of natural resources and CO2 emissions have led to the search for alternative cementitious materials. Among these materials, alkali-activated cements based on fly ash (FA) have been considered for concrete production with greater sustainability. In the present article, the chemical durability properties (resistance to sulphates, chloride permeability, and resistance to carbonation) of a hybrid alkali-activated concrete based on fly ash–ordinary Portland cement (FA/OPC) with proportions of 80%/20% were evaluated. It is noted that the FA was a low-quality pozzolan with a high unburned carbon content (20.67%). The results indicated that FA/OPC concrete had good durability with respect to the OPC concrete, with 95% less expansion in the presence of sodium sulphate and a 2% strength loss at 1100 days, compared with the 56% strength loss of the OPC concrete. In addition, FA/OPC showed lower chloride permeability. On the contrary, the FA/OPC was more susceptible to carbonation. However, the residual compressive strength was 23 MPa at 360 days of CO2 exposure. Based on the results, FA/OPC, using this type of FA, can be used as a replacement for OPC in the presence of these aggressive agents in the service environment.

scholarly journals Iron and Aluminium Production Wastes as Exclusive Components of Alkali Activated Binders—Towards a Sustainable Alternative

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9938
Author(s):  
Nuno Cristelo ◽  
Fernando Castro ◽  
Tiago Miranda ◽  
Zahra Abdollahnejad ◽  
Ana Fernández-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
By Products ◽  
Alkali Activated

The sustainability of resources is becoming a worldwide concern, including construction and building materials, especially with the alarming increase rate in global population. Alternative solutions to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a concrete binder are being studied, namely the so-called alkali-activated cements (AAC). These are less harmful to the environment, as lower CO2 emissions are associated with their fabrication, and their mechanical properties can be similar to those of the OPC. The aim of developing alkali-activated materials (AAM) is the maximization of the incorporated recycled materials, which minimises the CO2 emissions and cost, while also achieving acceptable properties for construction applications. Therefore, various efforts are being made to produce sustainable construction materials based on different sources and raw materials. Recently, significant attention has been raised from the by-products of the steelmaking industry, mostly due to their widespread availability. In this paper, ladle slag (LS) resulting from steelmaking operations was studied as the main precursor to produce AAC, combined with phosphating bath sludge—or phosphate sludge (PS)—and aluminium anodising sludge (AS), two by-products of the surface treatment of metals, in replacement rates of 10 and 20 wt.%. The precursors were activated by two different alkaline solutions: a combination of commercial sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate (COM), and a disposed solution from the cleaning of aluminium extrusion steel dies (CLE). This study assesses the influence of these by-products from the steelmaking industry (PS, AS and CLE) on the performance of the alkali-activated LS, and specifically on its fresh and hardened state properties, including rheology, heat of hydration, compressive strength and microstructure and mineralogy (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red. The results showed that the CLE had no negative impact on the strength of the AAM incorporating PS or/and AS, while increasing the strength of the LS alone by 2×. Additionally, regardless of the precursor combination, the use of a commercial activator (COM) led to more fluid pastes, compared with the CLE.

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