Injury Patterns, Risk Factors, and Return to Sport in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu: A Cross-sectional Survey of 1140 Athletes

Background: Brazilian jiu jitsu (BJJ) is a growing martial art that focuses on grappling techniques. Purpose: To quantify the 3-year incidence of BJJ-related injuries and detect common injury patterns as well as risk factors among those practicing BJJ. It was hypothesized that there would be a high incidence of injuries, they would be caused by submissions in sparring situations, and they would occur predominantly at the extremities. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Active BJJ athletes were invited to take an English-language online survey developed by orthopaedic surgeons together with BJJ athletes and a sports scientist. Data were recorded regarding athlete demographics, sporting activity level, injuries within the past 3 years that caused at least a 2-week time loss, injury mechanisms, and return to sport. Results: Overall, 1140 responses were received from 62 different countries; 88.9% of all athletes were male, and 63.9% were regular competitors. Within the investigated cohort, 1052 injuries were recorded in 784 athletes, for an injury incidence of 308 per 1000 athletes per year. The lower extremity (45.7%) and upper extremity (30.2%) were predominant sites of injury, with injuries to the knee (27.1%) being the most common. The most frequent knee injuries were meniscal injuries (n = 65), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears (n = 36), and medial collateral ligament injuries (n = 36). ACL tears were especially associated with long time frames for return to sport. Most injuries occurred during sparring (77.6%) and were caused by submissions (29.7%) and takedowns (26.4%). Competing regularly ( P = .003), older age ( P < .001), and higher belt rank ( P = .003) were significant risk factors for injury. Conclusion: Injury incidence was high among BJJ athletes surveyed, with 2 out of 3 athletes reporting at least 1 injury within a 3-year period that caused a 2-week absence from training. Most injuries occurred during sparring, and we believe that a high potential for injury reduction lies in drawing awareness to common injury patterns and sites in athletes.

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An Investigation of Hypertension Risk Factors among Adults in Oshikoto Region in Namibia

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v13n7p115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Emilia Shiwa Ashipala ◽

Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Harmful Use

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension complications are responsible for 9.4 million deaths worldwide and among these deaths, 51 % are due to stroke and 45% are due to heart disease like heart failure. This study aims to investigate the hypertension risk factors among adult in Oshikoto region, Namibia. METHODS: A community population-based, cross- sectional survey was conducted using WHO STEPwise approach among 375 adults in Oshikoto region. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the association between risk factors and Hypertension, based on p-value <0.05. RESULTS: Overall prevalence for risk factors was: physical inactivity (25.3%), unhealthy diet (75.7%), tobacco use (9.1%), harmful use of alcohol (40.8%). 20.5% overweight with majority (85.7%) of them were females. Obesity was 9.1% in which 91.2% were females. Hypertension prevalence was 24.3%. Four percent of individuals were having two multiple risk factors for hypertension, 2.4% with four risk factors and 1.1% with more than four risk factors. Age group (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.44-4.26, P=0.001), Obesity (OR=3.48, 95%CI=1.55-7.79, P=0.003), and overweight (OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.31-4.19, P =0.004) were significant risk factors for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence and burden of hypertension risk factors such as obesity and overweight among adults in Oshikoto region, thus, these results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent those risk factors of hypertension in Oshikoto region, Namibia.

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Current Concepts for Injury Prevention in Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546512459638 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 216-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 188

Author(s):

Timothy E. Hewett ◽

Stephanie L. Di Stasi ◽

Gregory D. Myer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

High Risk ◽

Knee Injury ◽

Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Anterior Cruciate

Ligament reconstruction is the current standard of care for active patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Although the majority of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgeries successfully restore the mechanical stability of the injured knee, postsurgical outcomes remain widely varied. Less than half of athletes who undergo ACLR return to sport within the first year after surgery, and it is estimated that approximately 1 in 4 to 1 in 5 young, active athletes who undergo ACLR will go on to a second knee injury. The outcomes after a second knee injury and surgery are significantly less favorable than outcomes after primary injuries. As advances in graft reconstruction and fixation techniques have improved to consistently restore passive joint stability to the preinjury level, successful return to sport after ACLR appears to be predicated on numerous postsurgical factors. Importantly, a secondary ACL injury is most strongly related to modifiable postsurgical risk factors. Biomechanical abnormalities and movement asymmetries, which are more prevalent in this cohort than previously hypothesized, can persist despite high levels of functional performance, and also represent biomechanical and neuromuscular control deficits and imbalances that are strongly associated with secondary injury incidence. Decreased neuromuscular control and high-risk movement biomechanics, which appear to be heavily influenced by abnormal trunk and lower extremity movement patterns, not only predict first knee injury risk but also reinjury risk. These seminal findings indicate that abnormal movement biomechanics and neuromuscular control profiles are likely both residual to, and exacerbated by, the initial injury. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) strategies should be used to develop effective, efficacious interventions targeted to these impairments to optimize the safe return to high-risk activity. In this Current Concepts article, the authors present the latest evidence related to risk factors associated with ligament failure or a secondary (contralateral) injury in athletes who return to sport after ACLR. From these data, they propose an EBM paradigm shift in postoperative rehabilitation and return-to-sport training after ACLR that is focused on the resolution of neuromuscular deficits that commonly persist after surgical reconstruction and standard rehabilitation of athletes.

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DOWRY DEMAND AND HARASSMENT: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS IN INDIA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932014000571 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (06) ◽

pp. 727-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

VISALAKSHI JEYASEELAN ◽

SHUBA KUMAR ◽

L. JEYASEELAN ◽

VISWANATHAN SHANKAR ◽

BIJESH KUMAR YADAV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Slum Areas

SummaryThe practice of dowry is widespread in India and refers to the payment of cash/gifts by the bride's family to the bridegroom's family before marriage. Though prohibited by law, dowry is widely practised, and often contributes to severe injuries and even death of young brides. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for dowry demand and dowry harassment and its psychosocial correlates across different social strata in India, and also by husband and mother-in-law characteristics. In a cross-sectional survey of 9938 women in rural, urban and urban non-slum sites across India conducted in 1998–99, dowry demand was found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) in the urban non-slum and rural areas (26% and 23% respectively) than in urban slum areas (18%). Overall, 17% of groom's families were not satisfied with the dowry, this being higher in rural areas (21%) than in urban slum and non-slum areas (about 14% in both). The overall prevalence of dowry harassment among this group of women was 13.3%. Mothers-in-law who had themselves experienced dowry demand were 14 (95% CI 5.0–40.4) and 5 (95% CI 1.3–18.9) times more likely to demand and harass daughters-in-law over dowry, respectively. Another significant risk factor for dowry-related harassment was mother-in law's status in the family. Interventions related to modifiable risk factors, such as increased social support at the community level, should help reduce dowry harassment.

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FAKTOR RISIKO KEGEMUKAN PADA WANITA DEWASA INDONESIA

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2013.8.1.1-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rian Diana ◽

Indah Yuliana ◽

Ghaida Yasmin ◽

Hardinsyah Hardinsyah

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Higher Education ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Household Income ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Education Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Overweight Women

This study was aimed to analyze risk factors of overweight women aged 19—55 years in Indonesia. This study used electronic files data of the National Basic Health Research 2010 from Ministry of Health, which was designed as a cross sectional survey. A total of 57,167 women aged 19—55 years were selected for the analysis. A logistic regression was applied to analyze risk factors of overweight. The result showed that 29.4% of subjects were overweight (including obese). The significant risk factors (p<0.05) of overweight among subjects were marital status (OR for married=2.712; 95%CI:2.559—2.875), household income (OR for high income=1.566; 95%CI:1.504—1.631), living settlement (OR for urban=1.358; 95%CI:1.304—1.413), physical activity (OR for sedentary=1.213; 95%CI:1.153—1.275), energy from carbohydrate (EAC) (OR for EAC≥55%=1.119; 95%CI:1.067—1.173), and energy from sugary sweetened foods (ESF) (OR for ESF≥10%=1.100; 95%CI:1.037—1.166). Education level (OR for higher education=0.817; 95%CI:0.782—0.853) was a protective factors for overweight. This implies the importance of promoting physical activity and healthy diet, especially with sugary sweetened foods and adequate energy from carbohydrate, for preventing and controlling overweight among Indonesian adults especially women.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for curable sexually transmitted infections on Bubaque Island, Guinea Bissau

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2019-054351 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. sextrans-2019-054351

Author(s):

Giovanna Cowley ◽

Gregory Milne ◽

Eunice Teixeira da Silva ◽

Jose Nakutum ◽

Amabelia Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Guinea Bissau

ObjectivesComplications from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can result in severe morbidity and mortality. To date, no STI population studies have been conducted on the Bijagos Islands, Guinea Bissau. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Neisseria gonorrhoea (Ng), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) and Treponema pallidum (Tp) on Bubaque, the most populated island.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on the island of Bubaque among people aged 16–49 years. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire on STI risk factors, to provide urine samples (men and women) and vaginal swabs (women) for PCR testing for Ct, Ng, Mg and Tv, and to provide dry blood spots for Tp particle agglutination assays. Data were analysed to estimate the prevalence of STIs and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.ResultsIn total, 14.9% of participants were found to have a curable STI, with the highest prevalence being observed for Tv (5.9%) followed by Ct (3.8%), Ng (3.8%), Mg (1.9%) and Tp (0.8%). Significant risk factors for having any STI included being female, younger age and concurrent partnership. Having had a previous STI that was optimally treated was a protective factor.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that there is a considerable burden of STI on the Bijagos Islands, stressing the need for diagnostic testing to facilitate early detection and treatment of these pathogens to stop ongoing transmission. Moreover, these results indicate the need to conduct further research into the STI burden on the Bijagos Islands to help inform and develop a national STI control strategy.

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Trends in malaria prevalence and risk factors associated with the disease in Nkongho-mbeng; a typical rural setting in the equatorial rainforest of the South West Region of Cameroon

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251380

Author(s):

Raymond Babila Nyasa ◽

Esendege Luke Fotabe ◽

Roland N. Ndip

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Control Measures ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Current Status ◽

Effective Control ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Housing Type ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Globally, malaria in recent years has witnessed a decline in the number of cases and death, though the most recent world malaria report shows a slight decrease in the number of cases in 2018 compared to 2017 and, increase in 2017 compared to 2016. Africa remains the region with the greatest burden of the disease. Cameroon is among the countries with a very high burden of malaria, with the coastal and forest regions carrying the highest burden of the disease. Nkongho-mbeng is a typical rural setting in the equatorial rain forest region of Cameroon, with no existing knowledge of the epidemiology of malaria in this locality. This study aimed at determining the current status of malaria epidemiology in Nkongho-mbeng. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, during which blood samples were collected from 500 participants and examined by microscopy. Risk factors such as, age, sex, duration of stay in the locality, housing type, environmental sanitation and intervention strategies including use of, LLINs and drugs were investigated. Trends in malaria morbidity were also determined. Of the 500 samples studied, 60 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 12.0% with the prevalence of asymptomatic infection (10.8%), more than quadruple the prevalence of symptomatic infections (1.2%) and, fever burden not due to malaria was 1.4%. The GMPD was 6,869.17 parasites/μL of blood (95% C.I: 4,977.26/μL– 9,480.19/μL). A LLINs coverage of 84.4% and 77.88% usage was observed. Unexpectedly, the prevalence of malaria was higher among those sleeping under LLINs (12.56%) than those not sleeping under LLINs (8.97%), though the difference was not significant (p = 0.371). Being a male (p = 0.044), being unemployed (p = 0.025) and, living in Mbetta (p = 0.013) or Lekwe (p = 0.022) and the presence bushes around homes (p = 0.002) were significant risk factors associated with malaria infection. Trends in proportion demonstrated that, the prevalence of malaria amongst patients receiving treatment in the health center from 2015 to 2019 decreased significantly (p < 0.001) and linearly from 9.74% to 3.08% respectively. Data generated from this study can be exploited for development of a more effective control measures to curb the spread of malaria within Nkongho-mbeng.

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Risk Factors for Radiographic Tibiofemoral Knee Osteoarthritis: The Wuchuan Osteoarthritis Study

International Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1155/2010/385826 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jianhao Lin ◽

Rujun Li ◽

Xiaozheng Kang ◽

Hu Li

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Lateral Compartment ◽

Activity Level ◽

Medial Compartment ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knee Oa

Objective. To investigate the risk factors of radiographic tibiafemoral knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wuchuan County. A questionnaire and bilateral weight-bearing posterior-anterior semi-flexed knee radiographs were completed and read for Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) grade and joint space narrowing (JSN; 0–3 scale) in each compartment. An logistic regression analysis was performed for radiographic tibiafemoral, lateral compartment, and medial compartment knee OA, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Results. Age, sex, and knee injury were strongly associated with tibiafemoral, lateral and medial compartment knee OA. BMI also had a dose-response relationship with them. Physical activity level, and physical activity exposure at work, not significantly though, were associated with an elevated risk for this three kinds of knee OA.Conclusions. Physical activity exposure increased the risk of knee OA. It was likely to be the heavier physical activity in Wuchuan osteoarthritis study that counteracted the BMI gap compared with the Beijing and the Framingham OA study. We verified that Chinese had a more valgus alignment of the knee compared with Caucasian population, and this provide a possible explanation why Chinese have a higher prevalence of lateral compartment OA.

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Risk Factors for Contra-Lateral Secondary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine ◽

10.1007/s40279-020-01424-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Cronström ◽

Eva Tengman ◽

Charlotte K. Häger

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Acl Injury ◽

Activity Level ◽

High Activity Level ◽

History Of ◽

Anterior Cruciate

Abstract Background The risk of sustaining a contra-lateral anterior cruciate ligament (C-ACL) injury after primary unilateral ACL injury is high. C-ACL injury often contributes to a further decline in function and quality of life, including failure to return to sport. There is, however, very limited knowledge about which risk factors that contribute to C-ACL injury. Objective To systematically review instrinsic risk factors for sustaining a C-ACL injury. Methods A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Sport Discus) were searched from inception to January 2020. Inclusion criteria were prospective or retrospective studies investigating any intrinsic risk factor for future C-ACL injury. Meta-analysis was performed and expressed as odds ratios (OR) if two or more articles assessed the same risk factor. Results 44 moderate-to-high quality studies were eventually included in this review, whereof 35 studies were eligible for meta-analysis, including up to 59 000 individuals. We identified seven factors independently increasing the odds of sustaining a C-ACL injury (in order of highest to lowest OR): (1) returning to a high activity level (OR 3.26, 95% CI 2.10–5.06); (2) Body Mass Index < 25 (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.73–4.36); (3) age ≤ 18 years (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.51–3.88); (4) family history of ACL injury (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.54–2.80); (5) primary ACL reconstruction performed ≤ 3 months post injury (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32–2.06); (6) female sex (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14–1.61); and (7) concomitant meniscal injury (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.42). The following two factors were associated with decreased odds of a subsequent C-ACL injury: 1) decreased intercondylar notch width/width of the distal femur ratio (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.69) and 2) concomitant cartilage injury (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–1.00). There were no associations between the odds of sustaining a C-ACL injury and smoking status, pre-injury activity level, playing soccer compared to other sports or timing of return to sport. No studies of neuromuscular function in relation to risk of C-ACL injury were eligible for meta-analysis according to our criteria. Conclusion This review provides evidence that demographic factors such as female sex, young age (≤ 18 years) and family history of ACL injury, as well as early reconstruction and returning to a high activity level increase the risk of C-ACL injury. Given the lack of studies related to neuromuscular factors that may be modifiable by training, future studies are warranted that investigate the possible role of factors such as dynamic knee stability and alignment, muscle activation and/or strength and proprioception as well as sport-specific training prior to return-to-sport for C-ACL injuries. PROSPERO: CRD42020140129.

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A Cross-Sectional Survey on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents From Shandong vs. Zhejiang

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.779720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Yunyun Xu ◽

Dongjuan Xu ◽

Liyan Luo ◽

Fengqiao Ma ◽

Ping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Online Survey ◽

Parental Attitudes ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Childhood Vaccines ◽

Household Incomes

Introduction: With the approval of COVID-19 vaccinations for children and adolescents in China, parental vaccine hesitancy will emerge as a new challenge with regard to the administration of these vaccines. However, little is known regarding this hesitancy as well as regional differences that may exist between parents from Shandong vs. Zhejiang.Methods: To assess these issues, an online survey was conducted via a Wenjuanxing platform over the period from July 22 to August 14, 2021. Parents from Shandong and Zhejiang were recruited from Wechat groups and results from a total of 917 subjects were analyzed. Factors evaluated in this survey included socio-demographic variables, parental vaccine hesitancy, Parental Attitudes toward Childhood Vaccines (PACV) domains (behavior, safety and efficacy, general attitudes) and social support.Results: Compared with those from Shandong (N = 443), parents from Zhejiang (N = 474) showed significantly higher prevalence rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (19.4 vs. 11.7%, p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that yearly household incomes of ≥120,000 RMB (p = 0.041), medical workers (p = 0.022) and general attitudes of PACV (p = 0.004) were risk factors for vaccine hesitancy among parents from Shandong, while behavior (p = 0.004), safety and efficacy (p < 0.001) and general attitudes of PACV (p = 0.002) were risk factors for parents from Zhejiang. Among parents with vaccine hesitancy (N = 144), concerns over side effects (91.0%) and unknown effects (84.0%) of the COVID-19 vaccine were the most prevalent reasons for hesitancy. Evidence providing proof of vaccine safety (67.4%) and assurance of a low risk of being infected by COVID-19 (60.4%) were the two most effective persuasive factors.Conclusion: Parents from Zhejiang showed a higher prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy as compared with those from Shandong. Behavior, safety and efficacy, and general attitudes of PACV were the risk factors associated with this hesitancy in these parents from Zhejiang. Given the identification of the various reasons for parental vaccine hesitancy, different strategies as well as regional adjustments in these strategies will be required for an effective and convincing protocol for childhood vaccinations.

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Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and its Risk Factors among Ijegun-Isheri Osun Residents in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25101/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Idris Oluwaseyidayo Israel ◽

Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade ◽

Ekow Adom Mensah ◽

Noriko Kitamura

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Survey Design ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Epidemiologic Transition ◽

Health Campaign ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The rapid epidemiologic transition of diseases has adverse implications for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to their limited healthcare, weaker health systems and the westernization of lifestyle. There is the need to evaluate the enormity or otherwise of the NCD burden and address it. However, there is a paucity of literature on the burden of NCDs in Nigeria. We therefore conducted this survey to determine the prevalence of NCDs and its risk factors among the Ijegun- Isheri Osun community residents of Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey design was applied with 215 participants selected consecutively during a population preventive health campaign. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were calculated, with further exploration on associations between these variables done. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of the three NCDs (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia). Results The prevalence of hypertension was 35.3% (95%CI 29.0-42.1), diabetes 4.6% (95%CI 2.2–8.4) and dyslipidemia 47.1% (95%CI 41.1–54.8). Three major risk factors evaluated showed prevalence of smoking to be 41.3% (95%CI 34.2–48.6), alcohol consumption 72.5% (95% CI 65.5–78.7), and physical activity 52.9 (95%CI 45.5–60.2). The independent significant risk factors of hypertension were age ≥ 60 years (aOR 4.56 95%CI: 1.72–12.09) and dyslipidaemia (aOR 5.01 95%CI: 2.26–11.13). Age age ≥ 60 years (aOR 8.83 95%CI: 1.88–41.55) was an independent risk factor of diabetes. Age age ≥ 60 years aOR 29.32 95%CI: 4.78-179.84), being employed (aOR 11.12 95%CI: 3.10-39.92), smoking (aOR 2.34 95%CI: 1.03–5.33) and physical activity (aOR 0.34 95%CI: 0.15–0.76) were independent risk factors of having dyslipidaemia. Conclusions The results suggest that prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia together with their associated risk factors are high, highlighting the need for further implementation research and policy directions to tackle the NDC burden in the research community, Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa and the world at large. These strategies must be community specific, prioritizing the various risk factors and addressing them accordingly.

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