Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and its Risk Factors among Ijegun-Isheri Osun Residents in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract Background The rapid epidemiologic transition of diseases has adverse implications for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to their limited healthcare, weaker health systems and the westernization of lifestyle. There is the need to evaluate the enormity or otherwise of the NCD burden and address it. However, there is a paucity of literature on the burden of NCDs in Nigeria. We therefore conducted this survey to determine the prevalence of NCDs and its risk factors among the Ijegun- Isheri Osun community residents of Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey design was applied with 215 participants selected consecutively during a population preventive health campaign. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were calculated, with further exploration on associations between these variables done. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of the three NCDs (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia). Results The prevalence of hypertension was 35.3% (95%CI 29.0-42.1), diabetes 4.6% (95%CI 2.2–8.4) and dyslipidemia 47.1% (95%CI 41.1–54.8). Three major risk factors evaluated showed prevalence of smoking to be 41.3% (95%CI 34.2–48.6), alcohol consumption 72.5% (95% CI 65.5–78.7), and physical activity 52.9 (95%CI 45.5–60.2). The independent significant risk factors of hypertension were age ≥ 60 years (aOR 4.56 95%CI: 1.72–12.09) and dyslipidaemia (aOR 5.01 95%CI: 2.26–11.13). Age age ≥ 60 years (aOR 8.83 95%CI: 1.88–41.55) was an independent risk factor of diabetes. Age age ≥ 60 years aOR 29.32 95%CI: 4.78-179.84), being employed (aOR 11.12 95%CI: 3.10-39.92), smoking (aOR 2.34 95%CI: 1.03–5.33) and physical activity (aOR 0.34 95%CI: 0.15–0.76) were independent risk factors of having dyslipidaemia. Conclusions The results suggest that prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia together with their associated risk factors are high, highlighting the need for further implementation research and policy directions to tackle the NDC burden in the research community, Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa and the world at large. These strategies must be community specific, prioritizing the various risk factors and addressing them accordingly.