scholarly journals Race and Consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Charron-Chénier ◽  
Joshua J. Fink ◽  
Lisa A. Keister
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Total Spending ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Black Households

Differences in consumption patterns are usually treated as a matter of preferences. In this article, the authors examine consumption from a structural perspective and argue that black households face unique constraints restricting their ability to acquire important goods and services. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys, the authors examine racial differences in total spending and in spending on major categories of goods and services (food, transportation, utilities, housing, health care, and entertainment). The authors also capture heterogeneous effects of racial stratification across class by modeling racial consumption gaps across household income levels. The results show that black households tend to have lower levels of total spending than their white counterparts and that these disparities tend to persist across income levels. Overall, these analyses indicate that racial disparities in consumption exist independently of other economic disparities and may be a key unexamined factor in the reproduction of racial inequality.

scholarly journals What Do People Buy When They Don't Buy Health Insurance and What Does That Say about Why They are Uninsured?

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Levy ◽  
Thomas DeLeire
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Total Spending ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Consumer Expenditure Survey ◽  
Expenditure Survey ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, this study compares household spending on different goods by insured versus uninsured households, controlling for total spending and demographic characteristics. The analysis shows that uninsured households, on average, spend more on housing, food, alcohol, and tobacco compared to insured households. These results suggest that both prices and preferences, in addition to income, help explain why some households do not buy coverage; the findings also raise the possibility that the uninsured may lack coverage in part because they face higher prices for basic needs like housing and food.

Racialized Debts: Racial Exclusion From Credit Tools and Information Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692051989463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Charron-Chénier ◽  
Louise Seamster
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Black Households ◽  
Debt Levels

Research on debt highlights its use as a tool for investment and a substitute for public welfare programs. Use of debt, however, is not equal across social groups. Black households in particular have lower debt levels than white households. In this paper, we explore the context behind massive racial disparities in household debt. Conceptually, we propose that personal debt is an indicator of integration in the financial system. As such, we argue that black households’ lower debt levels can be understood as financial isolation rather than financial health. We support this argument by using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances to estimate racial differences in access to financial tools net of racial differences in socioeconomic status, asset levels, and financial literacy. We also show that black households’ financial information networks are different from white households’ in ways that suggest restricted access to formal financial institutions.

THE PUZZLE OF RACIAL INEQUALITY IN CUBA, 1980s–2010s

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Alejandro de la Fuente ◽  
Stanley R. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comparative Examination ◽  
Cuban Population

Abstract Contrasting perspectives on racism and racial inequality collide in contemporary Cuba. On the one hand, government officials argue that Cuba is a racially egalitarian country; though vestiges of historical racism subsist, systematic discrimination does not. On the other hand, social movement actors and organizations denounce that racism and discrimination are systemic and affect large sectors of the Afro-Cuban population. To draw these visions into scholarly dialogue, our analytic strategy consists in the comparative examination of both narratives as well as the empirical bases that sustain them. Using data from the 1981, 2002, and 2012 Cuban Censuses for the first time, as well as various non-census evidentiary sources, both quantitative and qualitative, we examine how racial inequality has evolved in Cuba during the last decades. Our analyses of census data suggest that racial stratification has a limited impact on areas such as education, health care, occupation, and positions of leadership. We find, nonetheless, that an expanding and strikingly racialized private sector is fueling dramatic income inequality by skin color beyond the reach of official census data. Our analysis sheds light on how different data can convey profoundly different pictures of racial inequality in a given context. Moreover, we highlight that significant contradictions can coexist in the lived experiences of racism and racial inequality within a single country context.

scholarly journals Who Gets in? Examining Inequality in Eighth-Grade Algebra

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karisma Morton ◽  
Catherine Riegle-Crumb
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Predominantly Hispanic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Reproduction Of Inequality

Using data from a large urban district, this study investigated whether racial inequality in access to eighth-grade algebra is a reproduction of differences in prior opportunities to learn (as evidenced by grades, test scores, and level of prior mathematics course) or whether patterns reflect an increase in inequality such that racial differences in access remain when controlling for academic background. We considered how this varies by the racial composition of the school; further, we examined differences in access between both Black and Hispanic students and their White peers as well as differences between Black and Hispanic students. The results point to patterns of reproduction of inequality in racially integrated schools, with some evidence of increasing inequality in predominantly Hispanic schools

scholarly journals Characterization of death from colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State/Legal Amazon/Brazil, 2000-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Caló ◽  
B S N Souza ◽  
N D Galvão ◽  
R A G Souza ◽  
J C S Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Rectosigmoid Junction ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer has been one of the cancers that most contributed to mortality, in both sexes in the world. In Brazil, cancer is among the top five causes of death and colorectal cancer is ranked on the fifth position. Of the Federative Units belonging to the Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso stands out for the higher adjusted incidence of colorectal cancer for both sexes. Thus, the objective is to characterize deaths from colorectal cancer, according to sociodemographic variables in Mato Grosso from 2000 to 2016. Methods A descriptive study was carried out, using data from the Mortality Information System, made available by the Department of Health of the Mato Grosso State. Deaths of all ages were selected, whose basic cause was identified by the codes from the International Classification of Diseases: (C.18) colon cancer, (C.19) rectosigmoid junction cancer, (C.20) rectal cancer or (C.21) anus cancer. Results Between 2000 and 2016, 31,607 deaths from cancer were registered. Of these, 1,750 (5.6%) were due to colorectal cancer. An increased number of deaths was observed at the end of the period, with a variation from 46 deaths in 2000 from 173 in 2016. Highest frequency was verified in men (51.3%), people aged 60 years or older (59.7%), black (54.6%), married (52.3%) and those with primary education (55.2%). According to Brazilian occupation classification options or those answers filled out on the death certificate, highest frequency were for “Retired” (26.2%), “Housewife” (23.1%), Agricultural/Forestry and Fisheries” (11.3%) and “Production of Industrial Goods and Services” (10.3%). Conclusions This study evidenced the increased number of deaths due to colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State, and identified priority groups for interventions through public health policies which should include screening and early diagnosis to cope with the disease. Key messages Evidenced the increased number of deaths due to colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State. Identified priority groups for interventions through public health policies.

scholarly journals Does Corruption Lead to Lower Subnational Credit Ratings? Fiscal Dependence, Market Reputation, and the Cost of Debt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Maciej Sychowiec ◽  
Monika Bauhr ◽  
Nicholas Charron
Keyword(s):  
Credit Ratings ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Sovereign Credit Ratings ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Federal Revenue ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data

Abstract While studies show a consistent negative relationship between the level of corruption and range indicators of national-level economic performance, including sovereign credit ratings, we know less about the relationship between corruption and subnational credit ratings. This study suggests that federal transfers allow states with higher levels of corruption to retain good credit ratings, despite the negative economic implications of corruption more broadly, which also allows them to continue to borrow at low costs. Using data on corruption conviction in US states and credit ratings between 2001 and 2015, we show that corruption does not directly reduce credit ratings on average. We find, however, heterogeneous effects, in that there is a negative effect of corruption on credit ratings only in states that have a comparatively low level of fiscal dependence on federal transfers. This suggest that while less dependent states are punished by international assessors when seen as more corrupt, corruption does not affect the ratings of states with higher levels of fiscal dependence on federal revenue.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Caregiving: Racial Examinations of Resiliency and Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Athena Koumoutzis ◽  
Kelly Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Process Model ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Midlife Adults ◽  
Emotional Strain

Abstract Adult children are at risk of emotional strain when parental caregiving needs emerge. Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and caregiver studies suggest minority caregivers report lower subjective caregiving burden, however, few studies simultaneously consider both the stresses and rewards of caregiving. Using data from Wave II of the Family Exchange Study (N = 243), we examine racial differences in midlife adults’ perceptions (i.e., stress and rewards) of assisting their parents with activities of daily living (ADLs) and the associations between perceptions of ADL assistance and emotional well-being among adults who help their parents with ADLs. Compared to non-minority caregivers (M = 4.18, SD = 0.91), minority caregivers (M = 4.45, SD = 0.84) found it more rewarding to help their mother (t(314) = -2.54, p < .05), whereas non-minority caregivers (M = 2.25, SD = .1.27) found it more stressful to help their father than did minority caregivers (M = 1.64, SD = 0.99), t(162) = 3.01, p < .01). After controlling for demographics and ADL needs, linear regression analyses revealed that the stress of helping parents predicted depression (F(6, 189) = 5.30, p < .001) and race moderated the association (p < .01); the association was only significant for minority caregivers (p < .05). Implications will be discussed.

White Supervisor and Subordinate Beliefs about Black/White Inequality: Implications for Understanding and Reducing Workplace Racial Disparities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A Smith ◽  
Matthew O Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Group Position ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Stratification Beliefs ◽  
Levels Of Support

Abstract This study examines the racial stratification beliefs of white Americans who have decision-making power at work (managers and supervisors) and of those (subordinates) who lack such power. We focus on whether these groups vary in overall levels of support for, and in determinants of, beliefs about racial inequality. Pooled cross-sectional analyses of data from the 1977 to 2014 General Social Surveys (GSS) reveal that, among both white supervisors and subordinates, support is greatest for a motivation-based explanation of black disadvantage, followed by (in order) explanations focusing on blacks’ lesser educational chances, discrimination against blacks, and finally, blacks’ supposed lesser ability. In line with Group Position Theory, our multivariate analyses reveal few differences across the supervisory divide in levels of support for, or in the determinants of, whites’ beliefs about black disadvantage. Differences that do exist align with alternative perspectives including Social Dominance Theory, a Group Self-Interest Model, and Intergroup Contact Theory. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and methodological implications of our findings for future research pertaining to what does and does not work to ameliorate racial inequality in the workplace.

Aging and Consumption Patterns in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-171
Author(s):  
Reyhan Cafrı Açcı ◽  
Gülsüm Akarsu ◽  
Hanife Bıdırdı
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Using Data

An aging population is one of the most important issues affecting many areas such as labor and capital markets, social protection, social security, housing, and especially the demand for goods and services. Specifically, analysis of consumption patterns has become essential to prepare long-term plans for production structure and investment because consumption preferences and needs may change as a result of the aging population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze how aging affects consumption patterns in Turkey considering regional heterogeneity and the effects of macroeconomic factors over the years. For this, panel data analysis was performed using data on 26 regions of Turkey over 2008-2018. Results show that population aging affects most of the share of items in household consumption expenditures. Thus, Turkey should be prepared and make development and investment plans considering the aging population.

Correlations and Patterns of Food and Health Consumer Expenditure

2016 ◽  
pp. 44-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Stancu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
High Food ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Health Consumer ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship

Human diet and health will always be a topical issue irrespective of the times, society, economic development, etc. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the presence or absence of correlations between food consumer expenditure and health goods and services consumer expenditure. Over three-quarters of the correlations between the consumer expenditure categories and subcategories are statistically significant and approximately a half of them underscore a moderate intensity. The patterns of the relationship between food consumer expenditure and health goods and services consumer expenditure for the same countries are identified. Twenty patterns which contain country groups are pointed out for the ten connections among consumer expenditure categories. The correlation between high food consumer expenditure and the high weight of people who are suffering from specific diseases is emphasized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document