scholarly journals Dependency and health utilities in stroke: Data to inform cost-effectiveness analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myzoon Ali ◽  
Rachael MacIsaac ◽  
Terence J Quinn ◽  
Philip M Bath ◽  
David L Veenstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Future Cost ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Health States ◽  
Health Utilities ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Value Sets

Introduction Health utilities (HU) assign preference weights to specific health states and are required for cost-effectiveness analyses. Existing HU for stroke inadequately reflect the spectrum of post-stroke disability. Using international stroke trial data, we calculated HU stratified by disability to improve precision in future cost-effectiveness analyses. Materials and methods We used European Quality of Life Score (EQ-5D-3L) data from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) to calculate HU, stratified by modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS) at 3 months. We applied published value sets to generate HU, and validated these using ordinary least squares regression, adjusting for age and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. Results We included 3858 patients with acute ischemic stroke in our analysis (mean age: 67.5 ± 12.5, baseline NIHSS: 12 ± 5). We derived HU using value sets from 13 countries and observed significant international variation in HU distributions (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p < 0.0001, compared with UK values). For mRS = 0, mean HU ranged from 0.88 to 0.95; for mRS = 5, mean HU ranged from −0.48 to 0.22. OLS regression generated comparable HU (for mRS = 0, HU ranged from 0.9 to 0.95; for mRS = 5, HU ranged from −0.33 to 0.15). Patients’ mRS scores at 3 months accounted for 65–71% of variation in the generated HU. Conclusion We have generated HU stratified by dependency level, using a common trial endpoint, and describing expected variability when applying diverse value sets to an international population. These will improve future cost-effectiveness analyses. However, care should be taken to select appropriate value sets.

Agglomeration and innovation: Selection or true effect?

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-448
Author(s):  
Li Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
Patent Applications

This paper separates two mechanisms through which agglomeration increases average firm innovation: selection (less innovative firms being forced out of agglomerations) and true agglomeration (firms become more innovative). I apply a quantile regression to estimate the distribution of firm innovation and separate these two mechanisms. Linking a unique establishment-level dataset with the patent dataset in the state of Maryland for the period 2004–2013, I find that a 1-mile radius area with above-median employment concentration significantly encourages firm innovation. An average establishment that files for at least one patent during the study period increases citation-weighted patent applications by 31.2% to 31.5% in such employment centers. I also find evidence of selection: non-innovators are 1.3% less likely to survive in agglomerations. The coexistence of agglomeration and selection causes the result of an ordinary least squares regression to be upwardly biased. By eliminating the selection effect, this study more precisely estimates the agglomeration effect, which can be applied to cost–benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of urban and industrial policies.

scholarly journals Cultural Values: Can They Explain Differences in Health Utilities between Countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Roudijk ◽  
A. Rogier T. Donders ◽  
Peep F. M. Stalmeier ◽  
Nan Luo ◽  
Rosalie Viney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Health States ◽  
Health Utilities ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Value Sets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

Introduction. Health utilities are widely used in health care. The distributions of utilities differ between countries; some countries more often report worse than dead health states, while mild states are valued more or less the same. We hypothesize that cultural values explain these country-related utility differences. Research Question. What is the effect of sociodemographic background, methodological factors, and cultural values on differences in health utilities? Methods and Analyses. Time tradeoff data from 28 EQ-5D valuation studies were analyzed, together with their sociodemographic variables. The dependent variable was [Formula: see text], the utility difference between mild and severe states. Country-specific cultural variables were taken from the World Values Survey. Multilevel models were used to analyze the effect of sociodemographic background, methodology (3L v. 5L), and cultural values on [Formula: see text]. Intraclass correlation (ICC) for country variation was used to assess the impact of the predicting variables on the variation between countries. Results. Substantial variation in [Formula: see text] was found between countries. Adding cultural values did not reduce ICCs for country variation. Sociodemographic background variables were only weakly associated with [Formula: see text] and did not affect the ICC. [Formula: see text] was 0.118 smaller for EQ-5D-5L studies. Discussion. [Formula: see text] varies between countries. These differences were not explained by national cultural values. In conclusion, despite correction for various variables, utility differences between countries remain substantial and unexplained. This justifies the use of country-specific value sets for instruments such as the EQ-5D.

scholarly journals PLS Subspace-Based Calibration Transfer for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Quantitative Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Zhao ◽  
Jinlong Yu ◽  
Peng Shan ◽  
Ziheng Zhao ◽  
Xueying Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Calibration Transfer

In order to enable the calibration model to be effectively transferred among multiple instruments and correct the differences between the spectra measured by different instruments, a new feature transfer model based on partial least squares regression (PLS) subspace (PLSCT) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the PLS model of the master instrument is built, meanwhile a PLS subspace is constructed by the feature vectors. Then the master spectra and the slave spectra are projected into the PLS subspace, and the features of the spectra are also extracted at the same time. In the subspace, the pseudo predicted feature of the slave spectra is transferred by the ordinary least squares method so that it matches the predicted feature of the master spectra. Finally, a feature transfer relationship model is constructed through the feature transfer of the PLS subspace. This PLS-based subspace transfer provides an efficient method for performing calibration transfer with only a small number of standard samples. The performance of the PLSCT was compared and assessed with slope and bias correction (SBC), piecewise direct standardization (PDS), calibration transfer method based on canonical correlation analysis (CCACT), generalized least squares (GLSW), multiplicative signal correction (MSC) methods in three real datasets, statistically tested by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The obtained experimental results indicate that PLSCT method based on the PLS subspace is more stable and can acquire more accurate prediction results.

Do the 15D scores and time trade-off (TTO) values of hospital patients' own health agree?

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarja Honkalampi ◽  
Harri Sintonen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Health States ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Patient Groups

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate an empirical relationship and degree of agreement between the TTO values of patients’ own health and their 15D scores.Methods: A total of 863 hospital patients aged 18–93 years filled in the 15D questionnaire to establish their 15D score and valued their present health with TTO. Wilcoxon signed rank test, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and Tobit models were used to analyze the relation between the 15D and TTO scores.Results: The null hypothesis of no tendency for one set of scores to be higher or lower than the other set could not be rejected. Apart from dummies for few patients groups, no additional information to the 15D score was found that would have explained significantly the variance in the TTO valuations of patients’ own health. The agreement between these to sets of scores turned out quite good at the aggregate level.Conclusions: To the extent that mean TTO valuations of patients own health are valid for QALY calculations as they at least theoretically should be, and if experience of health states to be valued counts, the 15D scores are also valid without any transformation in a large group of heterogeneous patients. However, in certain patient groups, the agreement was not as good as overall.

Prevention of Stunting Through Health Education in Parents of Pre-School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Kili Astarani ◽  
Desi Natalia Trijayanti Idris ◽  
Aurelia Rizky Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Knowledge Measurement ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

This study aims to analyze the effect of pre-school age children's health education on stunting in the Setia Bakti Kediri Kindergarten. The design of this study used a pre-experimental pre-post test. Subjects were parents who had pre-school children with 49 respondents in the Setia Bakti Kediri Kindergarten. Retrieval of data from 29 - 31 May 2019. Randomization technique with purposive sampling. The variable of this study is parental knowledge. Measurement of knowledge with a questionnaire. Health education is carried out for 60 minutes using lecture methods, audio media, visual aids, and booklets. Research analysis technique with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic test. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of health education about stunting on the knowledge of parents of pre-school children in Setia Bakti Kediri Kindergarten. Health education about stunting increases parental knowledge

PERBEDAAN FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE PASCA SECONDARY OFFERINGS

Wahana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Djaja Perdana ◽  
Herbowo Herbowo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Asset Turnover

This study aims to examine the differences in corporate financial performance before and after secondary offerings. The financial performance is proxied by WCR, DER, Solvency, ROA, ROE, Asset Turnover (ATO) and Growth ratio which representing the value of liquidity, financing, activity, performance and growth of the firm. The study involved 67 samples of the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange conducting secondary offerings during 2008-2013 period and selected through purposive random sampling method and using Financial Statement data from 2005-2016 period. Hypothesis test is performed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the ratio of Solvency, ROA and ROE between before and after secondary offerings, but there are significant differences in the ratio of WCR, DER, Asset Turnover and Growth. WCR ratio after secondary offerings increased, while DER ratio after secondary offerings decreased, the condition of both ratios showed better performance. While the indication of poor performance seen in decreasing asset turnover ratio and growth ratio.Keywords : agency theory, financial performance, secondary offerings

PENGARUH TIRAH BARING TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA MUAL PADA KLIEN GASTRITIS DI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurhanifah ◽  
Desy Noor Latifah Sari ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami adalah penyakit gastritis. Gejala yang sering dikeluhkan oleh penderita gastritis adalah mual. Salah satu penatalaksanaan keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi rasa mual adalah tirah baring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimental dengan bentuk penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dan sampel adalah klien yang mengalami mual di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas  yang berjumlah 15 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan observasi. Analisa data melalui uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menujukkan klien gastritis sebelum tirah baring mengalami mual ringan sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%), sesudah tirah baring mengalami tidak mual sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%). Ada pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan (ρ value = 0,001).

Efektifitas Kompres Jahe Merah Hangat Dan Kompres Serai Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Arthritis Remathoid Pada Lanjut Usia Di Desa Mojoranu Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferawato Ferawati
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Red Ginger

ABSTRAKReumatoid Artritis (RA) merupakan penyakit muscoloskelektal yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut. Gangguan pada system muscoloskelektal yang ditandai dengan munculnya nyeri sendi dan kekakuan yang mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan fisiologis atau kualitas hidup lansia. Dampak dari Reumatoid Artritis dapat menimbulkan beberapa keluhan dan dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan. Untuk menganalisis efektifitas kompres jahe merah hangat dan kompres serai hangat terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri artitris remauthoid pada lanjut usia.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah quasy experimental dengan two group pre – post test design. Subjek adalah sebagian lansia yang penderita Arthritis Remathoid di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok I (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres jahe hangat dan II (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres serai hangat. Analisis yang digunakan uji Mann Whitney U Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dengan ingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05.Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, didapat keduanya mempunyai nilai kemaknaan yaitu ρ value = 0,000. Nilai ρ = 0,031 pada kelompok kompres serai hangat dan kelompok kompres jahe merah ρ value = 0,165. Hasil uji Mann Withney U Test pada Post perlakuan kedua terapi diperoleh selisih nilai nyeri pada kompres jahe ρ= 0,003 dan selisih nilai nyeri kompres serai ρ value = 0,001.Penggunaan kompres jahe merah lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kompres serai terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri arthritis remathoid. Kata Kunci: usia lanjut, Reumatoid Artritis (RA), jahe merah, serai, perbedaan efektifitas.    ABSTRACTReumatoid Artritis (RA) is a musculoskeletal which frequently occurs in the elderly. The disorders in the musculoskeletal system are noted by the occurrence of pain in the joints and stiffness which reduces the physiological abilities or life quality of the elderly. The disease causes many such complaints and  consequences of the disease rheumatoid arthritis may experience paralysis. The aims of this study is to analyze the effect of warm red ginger compress therapy and warm lemongrass compress therapy against of  Decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid. The study was Queasy experimental with two group pre – post test design. Subjects were some elderly people with Arthritis Remathoid in Sumberagung Village, Dander Sub District, Bojonegoro District. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I (n-15) with warm ginger compress therapy, and II (n=15) with warm lemongrass compress therapy. The analyses used in this study were the Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with α of 0.05. Results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained Both have meaning p value of  0.000. ρ value = 0,031 in a warm lemongrass compress therapy group and obtained of warm ginger compress therapy group ρ value = 0,165. The results of Mann Withney U Test on Post treatment second therapy, obtained difference of warm ginger compress therapy with ρ value= 0,003 and difference of warm lemongrass compress therapy with ρ value = 0,001.The use of warm ginger compresses therapy are more effective than a warm lemongrass compress therapy against decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid.  Keywords: elderly, artitris remauthoid, red ginger, lemongrass, differences in effectiveness

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