scholarly journals Let’s draw and talk about urban change: Deploying digital technology to encourage citizen participation in urban planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1588-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wilson ◽  
Mark Tewdwr-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Smart Technology ◽  
Regional Change ◽  
Barriers To Participation

Enhancing the role of citizens in shaping places has been a longstanding objective for governments, communities and the academy. Although a range of techniques has been developed by the state to give people an opportunity to get involved, these methods often struggle to create a meaningful way to communicate aspirations for places on citizens' terms. In this paper, we document the design, deployments and evaluation of a new technological device that enabled participants to share place views and aspirations beyond more traditional government engagement methods. The device, called JigsAudio, is an open-source device fabricated by the authors that encourages people to express themselves creatively through drawing and talking. The research contributes to our understanding of how accessible and free technologies can reduce barriers to participation, whilst encouraging creativity and expression when talking about the future of places. It goes on to discuss the potential of devices such as JigsAudio conceptually and practically within urban and regional change, and considers the balance that needs to be struck between utilising smart technology whilst creating accessible and meaningful opportunities that inspire citizens.

Reflections from the Margins: Complexities, Transitions and Developmental Challenges - The Case of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Leadership Accountability ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Colonial Oppression

Since the dawn of colonialism in Southern Africa, the province of the Eastern Cape emerged as the cradle of African resistance against colonial oppression. A closer look at the province reveals opportunities for progress and ultimate resurgence of economic and social development, yet conflated by a myriad of challenges. This book brings together different perspectives and realities of the post-apartheid Eastern Cape to provide an in-depth exploration of the developmental dilemmas that the province faces. This book provides insightful reflections on development and its sustainability some 25 years since democracy, and specifically focuses on sociological and demographic realities in the areas of migration and its impact on families. The book further grapples with the role of the state in developing culture and heritage in the province, pointing to fundamental and multiple challenges of deprivation, unemployment and subsequent community resilience in a variety of sectors including health and education. While it provides a historical analysis of contextual issues facing the province, the book also highlights the agency of the people of the Eastern Cape in confronting challenges in leadership, accountability, citizen participation and service provision. The book will be useful for development scholars and practitioners who are interested in understanding the state of the province, and similar settings, and the degree to which it has emerged from the shadows of its colonial and apartheid legacies.

POWERS OF THE PRESIDING JUDGE IN A JURY TRIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF ADVERSARIAL PRINCIPLES OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Tatyana K. Ryabinina ◽  
◽  
Daria O. Chistilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Jury Trials ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The main objective is to examine the powers of the presiding judge in jury trials in the context of adversarial principles of criminal proceedings. Particular attention will be paid by the authors to different approaches to the notion of adversariality and the definition of the role of a professional judge in such courts, as well as the degree of his activity during the judicial investigation. The main methods used by the authors were dialectical and systematic method, analysis, synthesis, as well as special legal methods of knowledge. The outcome of the research will be a definition of the role of the presiding judge in a jury trial. Forms of criminal procedure that allow the individual to directly participate in the deci-sion-making process of the judiciary are responsible for ensuring citizen participation in the administration of justice in the state. Two such forms have been developed in the world practice so far: the classical jury trial model and the Scheffen model. Each of them provides certain (broad or narrow) powers of a professional judge, the scope of which determines the degree of independence of citizens and the ultimate prospects for the development of a system of popular democratic justice in an adversarial system of criminal proceedings. In today's Russia, the classical jury trial model, modeled after the English jury trial, does not provide for broad powers of the court. In addition, there is the adversarial principle in Russia, which is fostered by the existence of jury trials. However, strict adherence to its provisions may lead to a misunderstanding of the role of the presiding judge in such a court. The activity of a professional judge should be balanced in accordance with the needs of the criminal case under consideration. Thus, requesting additional evidence in the course of the trial in order to verify existing evidence should not be considered a violation of the adversarial principle. Thus, the development of the optimal model for jury trial functioning as well as the determination of the presiding judge's role in the context of adversarial principles of criminal proceedings is a socially-systemic task. It requires a comprehensive dogmatic, comparative-legal and political-legal approach in order to develop the jury trial model which is more con-sistent with the legal system of the state.

scholarly journals “RESIDENTIAL -“ MAHALLA QUARTERS ”ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF OSH AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
A.E. Satenov ◽  
T. S. Keneshov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The City

The article discusses the place and role of the formation of a specific type of individual residential development on the structure of the city of Osh. Research methods and the possibilities of their application in architectural and urban planning practice are considered. The problems of the state of individual residential development are discussed. The author proposes the use of modern methods of maintaining the protection of an architectural monument. Within the framework of “museumification, restoration, and renovation, it is proposed to take into account the influences of cultural and historical features of residential development in the formation of urban planning documentation and the general plan.

scholarly journals Nature-Based Solutions and Sustainable Urban Planning in the European Environmental Policy Framework: Analysis of the State of the Art and Recommendations for Future Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5021
Author(s):  
Claudia de Luca ◽  
Sandra Naumann ◽  
McKenna Davis ◽  
Simona Tondelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
European Environmental Policy ◽  
New Urban Agenda

Sustainable urban planning (SUP) is crucial in the development of sustainable cities, as also underlined by the New Urban Agenda. Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being recognized for their potential to offer multiple benefits that are necessary in order to cope with present and future urban challenges. The European policy framework, including the recently released European Green Deal, could strongly boost the role and recognition of NBS and SUP as drivers of sustainable and inclusive urban transition. Through a content analysis of current environmental European policies, strategies and agreements, this paper provides (i) an overview of the state of the art of the environmental European policy framework and the recognized role of NBS and SUP in reaching defined objectives, and (ii) insights on where NBS and SUP could play a larger role within this framework. On this basis, the paper identifies gaps and develops recommendations for a better integration of such concepts into the current framework.

scholarly journals Mapping participatory planning in Havana: patchwork legacies for a strengthened local governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095624782110325
Author(s):  
Catalina Ortiz ◽  
Alejandro Vallejo ◽  
Jorge Peña ◽  
Emily Morris ◽  
Joiselen Cazanave Macías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
The City

In 2019, Cuba approved a new political constitution that calls for deepening citizen participation to strengthen local governance. The emerging decentralization processes and the role of new actors in urban development open new possibilities for inclusive planning. While citizen participation is widely documented in the global South and under Western liberal democracy regimes, participatory urban planning in the context of Southern socialist cities such as Havana has been less scrutinized. This paper aims at mapping the framings, trajectories and legacies of such participatory planning initiatives. Based on mapping workshops and desktop research, we find that participatory initiatives within Havana are spatially dispersed, sporadic, lacking at the city level, and occurring in isolation at the neighbourhood level. We argue that establishing sustained participatory urban planning practices in Havana requires decision makers to scale outwards and upwards the lessons learned from existing initiatives to foster a city-wide participatory planning strategy.

scholarly journals From Third World to First World: Law and Policy in Singapore’s Urban Transformation & Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-114
Author(s):  
Eugene Kb Tan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe physical transformation of a colonial backwater city, Singapore, in one generation has been described as a feat of urban planning, renewal, and development. Less studied is the political will of the government to create a thriving city fit for purpose. Even less studied is the role of law that provides the powerful levers for the rapid and deep-seated changes to the urban landscape in Singapore. In this regard, the mindset shift that accompanied the massive urban transformation has facilitated a national psyche that embraces the material dimension of progress, for which urban renewal is not just a mere indicator but also a mantra for the fledgling nation-state desirous of change as a mark of progress. This essay examines the multi-faceted role of law in undergirding urban planning, policy, and development in Singapore. Rather than just providing a focus on specific laws that enables the government to shape the processes of urban redevelopment, the essay argues that these laws have to be understood within the context of “urban redevelopment pragmatism” in which pragmatism is as much a planning ideology as it is a driver of urban change and renewal. Furthermore, this planning pragmatism, very much mission-oriented towards national goals, has become a potent source of political and performance legitimacy for the ruling People’s Action Party. The legal regime that provided the wherewithal for urban renewal, economic activity, water quality management, and spatial integration of a polyglot society is now being reconfigured for the urgent aspiration of becoming a global city and a smart nation. The essay also considers the limitations to this planning and redevelopment pragmatism, and how the rapid urban change has somewhat enervated the urban heritage and contributed to a weakening of the collective memory of change amid continuity.

scholarly journals O Estado e a Exceção ou o Estado de Exceção?

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
The Relationship

O texto discute o papel do Estado hoje no Brasil e em particular o do planejamento. Se historicamente as relações entre o Estado e o urbano pautaram-se por um esforço de normatividade da relação capital-trabalho, cabendo ao planejamento enquadrar a exceção e transformá-la em norma, transformações radicais recentes na economia e sociedade brasileiras sugerem que a exceção parece ter enquadrado o planejamento. Às desigualdades históricas da sociedade brasileira vieram juntar-se aquelas advindas da reestruturação produtiva e da globalização, reformatando o mercado, funcionalizando a relação Estado-capital, transformando políticas sociais em antipolíticas de funcionalização da pobreza, erigindo em norma o que antes dela se afastava, pontuando um esforço teórico que transitou da busca da normatividade para a racionalização da exceção.Plavras-chave: relações Estado–urbano; planejamento urbano; desigualdade social; Brasil. The state and the exclusion: or the exception state?Abstract: The text looks at the role played by the State in Brazil today and in particular the role of planning. If, historically, the relationships between the State and the urban issues were based on an effort to ease the relationship between capital and labor, planning to control the exception and to transform it into the rule, recent radical changes in the Brazilian economy and society suggest that the exception has itself curbed planning. To the inequalities typical of Brazilian society were added those stemming from the productive re-structure promoted by globalization, which re-shaped the market, re-purposing the relationship between State and capital, while turning social policies into anti-policies of poverty, transforming into the rule what beforehand was considered a deviation from it and promoting a theoretical effort the aim of which is to rationalize the exception and turn it into the norm.Keywords: relationship State-urban; urban planning; social inequality; Brazil.

scholarly journals Plano de habitação, produção de habitação: as fronteiras de conflito da política pública – considerações a partir do caso da cidade de São Carlos (SP)

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magaly Marques Pulhez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Housing Production ◽  
Politica Publica

Em um cenário em que o planejamento urbano aparece em destaque nos discursos do Ministério das Cidades como parte importante das políticas setoriais de desenvolvimento urbano, incluindo aí a promoção habitacional, o texto toma por base o desenvolvimento dos Planos Locais de Habitação de Interesse Social – PLHIS e a concomitante implementação de uma produção habitacional de peso, via Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida – PMCMV. Em uma tentativa de iluminar as variadas camadas de conflito aí sobrepostas, problematizando os agenciamentos regulatórios que se tensionam na medida em que as intervenções públicas no campo habitacional os solicitam, analisa-se a experiência de São Carlos, município do interior paulista. Entre 2009 e 2010 o município pôs em curso a elaboração de seu PLHIS, ao mesmo tempo em que aderiu ao PMCMV, desencadeando, nesse caso, um flagrante descompasso entre as duas iniciativas e seus encaminhamentos – ou seja, entre o papel regulador do plano e sua possibilidade de efetivar-se enquanto tal. Palavras-chave: Plano Local de Habitação de Interesse Social; Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida; São Carlos; produção habitacional; planejamento urbano. Abstract: In a scenario where urban planning is highlighted in the speeches of the Ministry of Cities as an important part of sectorial policies on urban development – here included the promotion of housing – this text discusses the negotiated rules that are tensioned in the process of public housing interventions based on the development of Local Social Housing Plans (Planos Locais de Habitação de Interesse Social – PLHIS) and the implementation of a strong housing production via Program Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). In an attempt to illuminate the various layers of conflict there overlapped, we analyze the experience of São Carlos, in the state of São Paulo, where the development of its PLHIS and the adhesion to the Program MCMV started simultaneously between 2009 and 2010. The striking gap between the two initiatives and their referrals – that is, between the regulatory role of the plan and its ability to become effective – are analyzed. Keywords: Local Social Housing Plan; Program Minha Casa, Minha Vida; São Carlos; housing production; urban planning.

OPEN SOURCE IN URBAN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE: EXPERIENCES AND GUIDELINES FROM TRADITIONAL CULTURES, PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Santiago M. Pardo-García
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Recent Computer ◽  
Professional Model

Open Source (OS) philosophy can cause important effects both in the design processes and in the professional role of designers. It started as a computer science phenomenon and has rapidly spread to other fields, such as architecture and urban planning. However, there are few studies reflecting about its impact, and there are not guidelines for managing its possible consequences. This article offers some insights considering three main sources: (1) current OS experiences in architecture and urban planning, (2) past traditional and participatory design strategies, and (3) works in computer science about OS. These three topics are conceptually linked using as an index some OS attributes expressed in the OS initiative definition. With that background, guidelines are finally proposed. The article demonstrates that current OS initiatives in architecture and urbanism have many similarities with past design processes and recent computer science experiences. Both subjects can be used as precedents in order to adequately incorporate and adapt OS thinking, a revolution that, depending on the managing skills, could improve the quality of the design and the designer's profession, or provoke a crisis in the current professional model.

scholarly journals State Control Versus Hybrid Land Markets: Planning and Urban Development in Transitional Hanoi, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Jin Duan ◽  
Jin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Land Development ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
State Control ◽  
Role Of The State

During the post-reform period since 1986, land-use systems in Vietnam have been reformed in terms of the regulation of land markets and the built environment. This study analyzes the changing role of urban planning and the policy of state intervention in land markets to manage spatial changes in Vietnamese cities. Theoretical and empirical approaches are used to analyze urban development and planning practices in Hanoi. The study further describes the constraints of planning systems in hybrid land markets that include both formal and informal land development. We argue that in Vietnam, where the role of the state in market construction has not been fully developed and land market institutions are incomplete, urban planning is used as a passive tool of state control and is no longer relevant to the process of spatial development, which is driven by the speculative activities of interest actors. This situation challenges state regulations for the effective management of spatial resources. The empirical results suggest the utility of further reforms to the land-use system and planning institutions in Vietnam, and of strengthening the capacity of the state in land administration.

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