Independent Radiographic Review of Joint Space Following First Metatarsophalangeal Synthetic Cartilage Implantation: Is There an Association Between Joint Space and Outcomes?

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Synthetic cartilage implants for first metatarsophalangeal osteoarthritis have been used for nearly a decade with Level 1 clinical evidence showing 84.9% of implants remain in place at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years. In contradiction to these positive results, however, some recent publications have shown higher revision rates and attempted to correlate the need for revision with the postoperative joint space interval. Most of these studies performed assessments based off of routine anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs using hand drawn measurements without image calibration or scaling. The purpose of this independent radiographic review was to further explore any relationship between joint space integrity and the need for revision surgery. Methods: An independent radiographic review by two board-certified, fellowship-trained, practicing musculoskeletal radiologists with no competing financial interests was conducted for 15 subjects from a previously concluded Level 1 clinical trial looking at outcomes of a synthetic cartilage implant. Ten (10) subjects with positive outcomes and 5 who required revision were selected at random for evaluation. Weight-bearing AP and lateral radiographs at baseline, 2 weeks, 6, 12, 24, and 60 months were reviewed. Using previously validated Quantitative Motion Analysis software, joint space was measured in the medial, central, and lateral locations on AP radiographs and dorsal, central, and plantar locations on lateral radiographs (Coughlin et al. 2003). Measurements were normalized to the proximal phalanx width in the relevant view (AP or lateral) to adjust for lack of image scaling or calibration. Normalized joint spaces at each interval and changes from the 2-week visit, the earliest with the implant in place, were evaluated. Results: In this pilot study, no relationship between mean normalized joint space and implant removal was found at any time point over the 60-month follow-up. Scatterplots were used to determine if movement in different directions impacted mean values. There was significant overlap for the two groups in joint space at each subject’s final visit with the implant in place and the change from the 2-week visit to the final visit (Figure 1). The majority of subjects in both groups experienced changes in joint space of less than 10% across all measurements. The maximum change from the 2-week visit in the revision group was less than 15%, compared to over 25% for subjects in the retention group. Conclusion: Neither joint space at final follow-up nor joint space change from initial postoperative assessment were associated with revision. The maximum observed decrease in the revision group was less than 15%, or 0.5 mm in a joint space of 3 mm. Both the clinical relevance of this minimal decrease and whether or not it can be reliably assessed remain unclear. Future studies could examine patient factors other than joint space to determine success or failure of this implant. These preliminary results suggest joint space integrity evaluated from plain film is a weak indicator of clinical efficacy with this synthetic cartilage implant.

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Clinical Outcomes of Distraction Arthroplasty with Arthroscopic Microfracture for Advanced Stage Ankle Osteoarthritis

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011419s00228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 2473011419S0022

Author(s):

Yasunari Ikuta ◽

Tomoyuki Nakasa ◽

Yusuke Tsuyuguchi ◽

Yuki Ota ◽

Munekazu Kanemitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Bearing ◽

Joint Space ◽

Ankle Arthrodesis ◽

Younger Patients ◽

Distraction Arthroplasty ◽

Arthroscopic Microfracture ◽

Initial Surgery ◽

Distraction Device ◽

Active Patients

Category: Ankle Arthritis, Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Ankle trauma is highly implicated in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA) of the ankle, and posttraumatic ankle OA is often observed in younger patients. In advanced stages, ankle arthrodesis has been considered as a gold standard treatment, and total ankle arthroplasty is also developed over the past decade for older patients. However, the surgical treatment of severe ankle OA for younger, active patients remains challenging. Ankle distraction arthroplasty is an alternative option for treatment of severe ankle OA in younger patients. The distraction device enables joint distraction with ankle motion that induces cartilage repair of the ankle. This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcome of the ankle distraction arthroplasty with arthroscopic microfracture for ankle OA in younger patients. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 7 ankle OA patients who underwent distraction arthroplasty with arthroscopic microfracture, in 5 men and 2 women, with a mean age of 45.9 years (range, 39-62). Range of motion (ROM) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score were evaluated as the clinical outcomes. The talotibial joint space was identified as anterior, center and posterior segment on lateral view. The width of joint space in each segment was measured on pre- and post-operative weight-bearing radiographs. The distraction device was removed at 3 months after initial surgery, and second look arthroscopy was also performed at the same time. The arthroscopic findings were assessed retrospectively. Results: All 7 patients were followed with a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years. One patient who had the worst preoperative AOFAS score of 19 converted to arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis at 2 years after the initial surgery. The mean total ROM and AOFAS score improved from 29.3 to 37.1 (p = 0.028), from 41.7 to 76.1 (p = 0.018), respectively. Weight-bearing radiographs showed a width of ankle joint space with anterior, center and posterior of 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 2.0 mm at preoperative status and 2.9 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm at final follow-up status. Second look arthroscopy revealed that the fibrous cartilage like tissue covered the cartilage defect area at the talotibial joint in all patients. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the distraction arthroplasty with arthroscopic microfracture could be a useful option for active patients with advanced stage of ankle OA. Good clinical status and the width of joint space had been preserved for a maximum of seven years. Further follow-up was required to elucidate the long-term clinical results.

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Medium-term Outcome of Chevron Osteotomy for hallux valgus correction in a Spanish population: radiological clinical parameters and patient satisfaction.

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/18-159 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

MANUEL COHEÑA-JIMENEZ ◽

Esther Chicharro-Luna ◽

José Algaba Del-Castillo ◽

Fernando Chacón-Giráldez ◽

Amanda Paez-Tudela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Hallux Valgus ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Final Visit ◽

Medium Term ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Average Value ◽

Chevron Osteotomy ◽

Informed Consent Form

BACKGROUND:Chevron osteotomy for the treatment of mild and moderate hallux valgus obtain good effects. The procedure is suitable for a variety of cases, thereby allowing for a significant degree of correction. This study aimed to investigate Chevron osteotomy procedures for the correction of hallux valgus in the medium-term (2010-2016) by podiatrists surgeons. It takes into account clinical and radiological findings as well as patient perspectives and level of satisfaction.METHODS: All patients were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively and at a final follow-up. Fifty feet (forty five patients). The mean age was 59.43 (range 32 to 80) years. All of the participants signed an informed consent form to take part in the study. The protocols include: chart review, clinical and radiological. Anterior-posterior weight-bearing radiographs were analyzed preoperatively and at final follow-up. All radiological data were assessed by two observers blinded. Clinical and functional measurements as well as evaluation of the satisfaction survey at the final visit were carried out by another researcher blinded to the study. All patients were analyzed with VAS and AOFAS score. It was applied to evaluate clinical effects.RESULTS:Inter and intra-observer reliability was evaluated (ICC- 95%). The average value of the hallux valge angle (HVA) decreased at final follow-up (25.30º {plus minus} 7.21 VS 17.98º{plus minus} 8.18; p=0.041). There was no significant reduction in the average value of the intermetatarsal angle (IMA) at final follow-up (13.13º {plus minus} 3.03 VS 11.3º {plus minus}3.18; p= 0.78). Final AOFAS scale was 83. This study show the relevance of magnet therapy, nail surgery and others additional procedures. No patient was dissatisfied with the aesthetic scarring.CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that radiological results at final follow-up weren´t compatible with relapse of the deformity. The definitive clinical results, and the degree of patient satisfaction achieved with this technique were favorable from the patients' point of view.

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ENDOCRINE CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER THE MENARCHE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0740685 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 685-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B.-A. Lamberg ◽

R.-L. Kantero ◽

P. Saarinen ◽

O. Widholm

Keyword(s):

Binding Proteins ◽

Maturation Process ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Maximal Level ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Mean Values ◽

Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽

Before And After ◽

Free Thyroxine Index ◽

Level 1

ABSTRACT In an endocrine survey of healthy girls aged 8 to 20 years before and after the menarche, the serum thyroxine (T4), uptake of triiodothyronine by Sephadex (T3U), and the binding capacities of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and pre-albumin (TBPA) were measured, and a free thyroxine index (FTI = T4 × T3U) was calculated. The subjects were grouped according to skeletal age (SA) until the menarche and after this in the post-menarcheal age (PMA), expressed in years. T4 and FTI increased concomitantly and reached peak values of 8.40 μg/100 ml and 8.40, respectively, at 2–3 years PMA. The corresponding mean values for post-menarcheal girls (7.74 μg/100 ml and 7.51) differed statistically significantly from the means before the menarche (7.03 μg/ 100 ml and 6.75). The TBG remained virtually unchanged during the whole period, whereas the TBPA showed a continuous increase and reached a maximal level 1–2 years after the menarche. The maturation process in girls in some way involves an increase in the total and free T4 level which is not dependent on hormone binding proteins.

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Patient-Reported Outcomes After Complex Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: 5-Year Results of the Scoli-Risk-1 Study

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/2192568220988276 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 219256822098827

Author(s):

Scott L. Zuckerman ◽

Meghan Cerpa ◽

Lawrence G. Lenke ◽

Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽

Leah Y. Carreon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Adult Spinal Deformity ◽

Corrective Osteotomy ◽

Leg Pain ◽

Major Surgery ◽

Mean Values ◽

Self Image ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Spinal Deformity Surgery

Study Design: Prospective cohort. Objective: To prospectively evaluate PROs up to 5-years after complex ASD surgery. Methods: The Scoli-RISK-1 study enrolled 272 ASD patients undergoing surgery from 15 centers. Inclusion criteria was Cobb angle of >80°, corrective osteotomy for congenital or revision deformity, and/or 3-column osteotomy. The following PROs were measured prospectively at intervals up to 5-years postoperative: ODI, SF36-PCS/MCS, SRS-22, NRS back/leg. Among patients with 5-year follow-up, comparisons were made from both baseline and 2-years postoperative to 5-years postoperative. PROs were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures. Results: Seventy-seven patients (28.3%) had 5-year follow-up data. Comparing baseline to 5-year data among these 77 patients, significant improvement was seen in all PROs: ODI (45.2 vs. 29.3, P < 0.001), SF36-PCS (31.5 vs. 38.8, P < 0.001), SF36-MCS (44.9 vs. 49.1, P = 0.009), SRS-22-total (2.78 vs. 3.61, P < 0.001), NRS-back pain (5.70 vs. 2.95, P < 0.001) and NRS leg pain (3.64 vs. 2.62, P = 0.017). In the 2 to 5-year follow-up period, no significant changes were seen in any PROs. The percentage of patients achieving MCID from baseline to 5-years were: ODI (62.0%) and the SRS-22r domains of function (70.4%), pain (63.0%), mental health (37.5%), self-image (60.3%), and total (60.3%). Surprisingly, mean values ( P > 0.05) and proportion achieving MCID did not differ significantly in patients with major surgery-related complications compared to those without. Conclusions: After complex ASD surgery, significant improvement in PROs were seen at 5-years postoperative in ODI, SF36-PCS/MCS, SRS-22r, and NRS-back/leg pain. No significant changes in PROs occurred during the 2 to 5-year postoperative period. Those with major surgery-related complications had similar PROs and proportion of patients achieving MCID as those without these complications.

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Camptodactyly-Arthropathy-Coxa Vara-Pericarditis Syndrome Resembling Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Single-Center Experience from Southern Turkey

Molecular Syndromology ◽

10.1159/000513111 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rabia Miray Kisla Ekinci ◽

Sibel Balci ◽

Haldun Dogan ◽

Serdar Ceylaner ◽

Celal Varan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Pericardial Effusion ◽

Early Onset ◽

Joint Space ◽

Coxa Vara ◽

Single Center ◽

The Third ◽

Single Center Experience ◽

Southern Turkey

Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome, caused by biallelic pathogenic mutations in the <i>PRG4</i> gene, is characterized by early-onset camptodactyly, noninflammatory arthropathy, coxa vara deformity, and rarely, pericardial effusion. Herein, we report 3 patients with CACP syndrome from 2 unrelated families. All patients are female, born to consanguineous parents, and had camptodactyly since the first years of their lives. Two patients had a prior diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Hip changes were present in 2 patients, and 2 of 3 patients had undergone surgery for camptodactyly. Routine echocardiographic evaluations were normal during the 2-year follow-up. This paper represents the third study including CACP patients from Turkey. Clinically, all 3 patients resembled juvenile idiopathic arthritis cases and received unnecessary medication. There is also an ongoing need for improving awareness of CACP and an effective treatment focusing on the lubrication of the joint space in CACP patients.

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Impact of comprehensive management on clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: HIJ-CREATE sub-study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

H Ogawa ◽

H Sekiguchi ◽

K Jujo ◽

E Kawada-Watanabe ◽

H Arashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Mean Values ◽

Comprehensive Management ◽

The Mean ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Background There are limited data on the effects of blood pressure (BP) control and lipid lowering in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We report a secondary analysis of the effects of BP control and lipid management in participants of the HIJ-CREATE, a prospective randomized trial. Methods HIJ-CREATE was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial that compared the effects of candesartan-based therapy with those of non-ARB-based standard therapy on major adverse cardiac events (MACE; a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, and other cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization) in 2,049 hypertensive patients with angiographically documented CAD. In both groups, titration of antihypertensive agents was performed to reach the target BP of <130/85 mmHg. The primary endpoint was the time to first MACE. Incidence of endpoint events in addition to biochemistry tests and office BP was determined during the scheduled 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60-month visits. Achieved systolic BP and LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) level were defined as the mean values of these measurements in patients who did not develop MACEs and as the mean values of them prior to MACEs in those who developed MACEs during follow-up. Results During a median follow-up of 4.2 years (follow-up rate of 99.6%), the primary outcome occurred in 304 patients (30.3%). Among HIJ-CREATE participants, 905 (44.2%) were prescribed statins on enrollment. Kaplan–Meier curves for the primary outcome revealed that there was no relationship between statin therapy and MACEs in hypertensive patients with CAD. The original HIJ-CREATE population was divided into 9 groups based on equal tertiles based on mean achieved BP and LDL-C during follow-up. For the analysis of subgroups, estimates of relative risk and the associated 95% CIs were generated with a Cox proportional-hazards model (Figure 1). The relation between LDL cholesterol level and hazard ratios for MACEs was nonlinear, with a significant increase of MACEs only in the patients with inadequate controlled LDL-C level even in the patients with tightly controlled BP. Conclusions The results of the post-hoc analysis of the HIJ-CREATE suggest that clinicians should pay careful attention to conduct comprehensive management of lipid lowering even in the contemporary BP lowering for the secondary prevention in hypertensive patients with CAD. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Comparing durability of water- and land-based exercise benefits among older adults in South Korea: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-200109 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Se Jun Oh ◽

Sang Heon Lee

Keyword(s):

Exercise Intervention ◽

External Rotation ◽

Short Form ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Aquatic Exercise ◽

Step Test ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Partial Weight

BACKGROUND: Aquatic exercise can improve strength, flexibility, and aerobic function while safely providing partial weight-bearing support through viscosity and buoyancy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of water-based exercise with land-based exercise before and after a 10-week exercise intervention and again at one-year follow-up. METHODS: Eighty participants aged 65 years and older were randomly assigned to either a water- or a land-based 10-week exercise program. Assessment included the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), the Modified Falls-Efficacy Scale, and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Hip and knee strength was also measured. All assessments were completed at three time points: pre- (T1), post- (T2), and at 1-year follow-up (T3). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the two groups on three parameters: the SFT timed up-and-go test; lower hip muscle strength in extension, adduction, and external rotation; and quality of life (QoL) measured by the SF-36 (p< 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the SFT chair stand test, dominant arm curl test, two-minute step test, chair sit-and-reach test, back scratch test, and Modified Falls-Efficacy Scale. CONCLUSION: Aquatic exercise provided greater improvement of physical health and QoL among older people than land-based exercise.

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Increased development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in individuals with high bone mass: a prospective cohort study

Arthritis Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13075-020-02371-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

April Hartley ◽

Sarah A. Hardcastle ◽

Monika Frysz ◽

Jon Parkinson ◽

Lavinia Paternoster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Hip Osteoarthritis ◽

Joint Space ◽

Mineral Density ◽

High Bone Mass ◽

High Bone ◽

Subchondral Sclerosis

Abstract Background Individuals with high bone mass (HBM) have a greater odds of prevalent radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA), reflecting an association with bone-forming OA sub-phenotypes (e.g. osteophytosis, subchondral sclerosis). As the role of bone mineral density (BMD) in hip OA progression is unclear, we aimed to determine if individuals with HBM have increased incidence and/or progression of bone-forming OA sub-phenotypes. Methods We analysed an adult cohort with and without HBM (L1 and/or total hip BMD Z-score > + 3.2) with pelvic radiographs collected at baseline and 8-year follow-up. Sub-phenotypes were graded using the OARSI atlas. Superior/inferior acetabular/femoral osteophyte and medial/superior joint space narrowing (JSN) grades were summed and Δosteophyte and ΔJSN derived. Pain and functional limitations were quantified using the WOMAC questionnaire. Associations between HBM status and change in OA sub-phenotypes were determined using multivariable linear/logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, height, total body fat mass, follow-up time and baseline sub-phenotype grade. Generalised estimating equations accounted for individual-level clustering. Results Of 136 individuals, 62% had HBM at baseline, 72% were female and mean (SD) age was 59 (10) years. HBM was positively associated with both Δosteophytes and ΔJSN (adjusted mean grade differences between individuals with and without HBM βosteophyte = 0.30 [0.01, 0.58], p = 0.019 and βJSN = 0.10 [0.01, 0.18], p = 0.019). Incident subchondral sclerosis was rare. HBM individuals had higher WOMAC hip functional limitation scores (β = 8.3 [0.7, 15.98], p = 0.032). Conclusions HBM is associated with the worsening of hip osteophytes and JSN over an average of 8 years, as well as increased hip pain and functional limitation.

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Differences in femoral component subsidence rate after THA using an uncemented collarless femoral stem: full weight-bearing with an enhanced recovery rehabilitation versus partial weight-bearing

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00402-021-03913-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Franziska Leiss ◽

Julia Sabrina Götz ◽

Matthias Meyer ◽

Günther Maderbacher ◽

Jan Reinhard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Enhanced Recovery ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Femoral Stem ◽

Full Weight Bearing ◽

Partial Weight Bearing ◽

Fill Ratio ◽

Stem Subsidence ◽

Partial Weight

Abstract Background Femoral component subsidence is a known risk factor for early failure of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using cementless stems. The aim of the study was to compare an enhanced recovery concept with early full weight-bearing rehabilitation and partial weight-bearing on stem subsidence. In addition, the influence of patient-related and anatomical risk factors on subsidence shall be assessed. Methods One hundred and fourteen patients underwent primary cementless THA and were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-three patients had an enhanced recovery rehabilitation with early full weight-bearing and 51 patients had rehabilitation with partial weight-bearing (20 kg) for 6 weeks. Postoperative subsidence was analyzed on standing pelvic anterior–posterior radiographs after 4 weeks and 1 year. Subsidence was measured in mm. Anatomical and prosthetic risk factors (stem size, canal flare index, canal fill ratio as well as BMI and demographic data) were correlated. Results Femoral stem subsidence rate was significantly higher for the group with an enhanced recovery concept compared to the group with partial weight-bearing at the first radiological follow up after 4 weeks [2.54 mm (SD ± 1.86) vs. 1.55 mm (SD ± 1.80)] and the second radiological follow up after 1 year [3.43 mm (SD ± 2.24) vs. 1.94 (SD ± 2.16)] (p < 0.001, respectively). Stem angulation > 3° had a significant influence on subsidence. Canal flare index and canal fill ratio showed no significant correlation with subsidence as well as BMI and age. Conclusion In the present study, cementless stem subsidence was significantly higher in the group with enhanced recovery rehabilitation compared to partial weight-bearing. Small absolute values and differences were demonstrated and therefore possibly below clinical relevance. Anatomical radiological parameters and anthropometric data did not appear to be risk factors for stem subsidence.

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Cement bridging phenomenon in percutaneous vertebroplasty for adjacent vertebral compression fracture

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89412-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yun-Da Li ◽

Tsung-Ting Tsai ◽

Chi-Chien Niu ◽

Po-Liang Lai

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Compression Fracture ◽

Body Height ◽

Compression Fracture ◽

Plain Film ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Kyphotic Angle ◽

Anterior Body ◽

New Onset

AbstractIn some cases of vertebroplasty for adjacent fractures, we observed a cement bridging phenomenon, in which the injected cement flowed from the newly fractured vertebra to the previously cement-augmented vertebra through the space between the abutting anterior longitudinal ligament and the vertebral column. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate this phenomenon. From January 2012 to December 2014, patients who sustained new-onset adjacent vertebral compression fracture and who were again treated with vertebroplasty were enrolled. We divided the patients into two groups, the bridging group and the nonbridging group, to analyze the difference between them. Results showed that the cement bridging phenomenon occurred in 18 (22.8%) of the 79 patients. Significant differences between the bridging and nonbridging groups were identified in the following 3 imaging features: severe loss of the anterior vertebral body height at the new-onset adjacent vertebra on plain film (odds ratio [OR] = 4.46, p = 0.014), fluid accumulation (OR = 36.27, p < 0.001) and hypointense signaling (OR = 15.67, p < 0.001) around the space anterior to the abutting vertebral bodies and the corresponding intervertebral disc on MRI. After a 2-year follow-up, both the mean value of the focal kyphotic angle and anterior body height ratio were significantly better in the cement bridging group than in the nonbridging group. The cement bridging phenomenon, which has never been reported in the literature, is not rare in clinical practice. This phenomenon was associated with better maintenance of focal kyphotic angle and anterior body height ratio during the 2-year follow-up.

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