scholarly journals The public and its assets: Performing appraisal and advocacy for blue and green infrastructure in London, England

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110499
Author(s):  
Helge Peters ◽  
Catharina Landström
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
General Public ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Water Sector

London's water sector professionals seek to secure public funds for blue and green infrastructure projects while also engaging with local advocates for river improvement. This paper argues that current project appraisal practice forms a barrier to aligning public investment with local demand because justifying investment requires the enactment of a utilitarian public good that is at odds with the non-instrumental values motivating local advocacy. Drawing on qualitative evidence and performativity theory, we show how the appraisal practices of water sector professionals and the environmental advocacy of London residents both enact publics in different arenas of water management: appraisal enacts a general public to secure funding, while advocacy enacts a particular public that serves to articulate local demand for environmental improvement. Whereas the performativity of a general public works through demonstrating nature's economic value to people, the performativity of local publics is animated by people's responsibility towards nature. We find that the general public that is enacted through cost-benefit analysis legitimizes public expenditure on readily demonstrable economic benefits, such as flood risk mitigation, while withholding funds from the water quality improvement valued by local publics. Comparing the performativities of general and local publics, we discuss the conditions under which appraisal and advocacy practices enact their respective underlying values. We conclude that the current appraisal practice frustrates the delivery of blue and green infrastructure projects that would respond to local demand for improving rivers.

scholarly journals The Application of Economic Value Added on Green Facilities of Urban Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Kuo Wei Hsu ◽  
Shang Zhen Liao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Production And Consumption

Green facilities of urban agriculture offer a fertile ground for green innovation, such as rooftop gardens, green curtains, and indoor plant growing, which create a new forms of urban farming economy. The previous studies for cost-benefit analysis of urban agriculture indicated that green facilities could contribute both quantitative and qualitative benefits. The value of green facility strategies of urban agriculture may often be underestimated without transforming qualitative benefits to quantitative benefits. This study examined the effects of green facilities of urban agriculture development in Taiwan. The market reaction was explored by adopting economic value added (EVA) technique for the measurement of both quantitative and qualitative value contributed by green facilities. The results from this study support that there exists interaction between qualitative factors such as indirect economic benefits and social psychological benefits and quantitative factors, agricultural production and energy saving impacted by green facilities. The study concluded that consumers of urban agricultural crops are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. The establishment of relationship between urban agricultural production and consumption can contribute to sustainability while generating economic opportunities.

Benefit-transfer valuation of a cultural heritage site: the Petroglyph National Monument

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS A. ULIBARRI ◽  
VICTOR C. ULIBARRI
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Benefit Transfer ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Heritage Site

ABSTRACTThis paper applies a household production framework (Becker, 1971) to infer the economic value of a cultural heritage site, namely, the Petroglyph National Monument, situated in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. The empirical analysis uses benefit-transfer techniques from three source studies: those of Bergstrom and Cordell (1991) and Boxall et al. (2003), which concern willingness-to-pay to hike and view rock art sites; and those of Rolfe and Windle (2003, 2006), which concern willingness-to-pay by Aboriginal and general populations to preserve a cultural heritage site containing rock art. The benefit-transfer analysis estimates recreational values between 3.75 million and 7 million dollars per year (depending on perceptions of the cultural attribute quality) and a nonuse value of approximately 12.5 million dollars per year. By comparison the annualized costs of developing/operating the study site are 8.5 million dollars per year. Thus a partial cost-benefit analysis suggests the study site yields net economic benefits upwards of 7.8 million dollars per year.

scholarly journals Economic Valuation of Green Infrastructure Investments in Urban Renewal: The Case of the Station District in Taichung, Taiwan

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Hsu ◽  
Jen-Chih Chao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Approach

The extreme weather conditions that are increasingly affecting Taiwan require urgent solutions, especially as land-use pressures and intensive urban development are triggering new types of vulnerability to natural disasters. Green infrastructure is an especially promising means of enhancing the resilience of urban environments, as well as their residents’ quality of life. However, due to the indirect nature of green investment, the economic value of green infrastructure is not adequately reflected in market prices, and novel methods of economic valuation are needed to ascertain their value. To fulfill that need, this study conducts a cost–benefit analysis of investment in green infrastructure related to urban renewal and identifies economic factors that could directly and indirectly increase environmental quality and promote sustainable development. The main finding of this work is that the increased cost of a green approach for a particular urban-renewal infrastructure project in Taiwan could be recouped in approximately eight years. Specifically, version of the plan based on green infrastructure would cost an additional US $9.2 million up front, but its positive impact would be greater than the non-green version by US $1.2 million per year.

scholarly journals Developing Alternative Mangrove Ecosystem Management Scenarios through Economic Valuation in the Coastal Area of Jangkaran Village, Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwike Ariestantya ◽  
Rika Harini
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Total Economic Value

Mangrove ecosystems have multiple functions, including economic and environmental ones. For optimal benefits, mangrove ecosystem management should be well-proportioned. The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate scenario for managing a mangrove ecosystem alongside aquaculture ponds, by performing an economic valuation to find out the value of management with the most beneficial scenarios, both ecologically and economically. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires, literature reviews, and institutional data. These data were then processed through economic valuations of the total economic value and cost-benefit analysis. Data were analysed spatially and descriptive-quantitatively. The total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem was USD 6.73 million. The benefit and costs of managing mangrove ecotourism were USD 3,930.74/ha/year and USD 1,701.69/ha/year, respectively, whereas the benefits and costs of managing ponds were USD 150,433.85/ha/year and USD 55,269.46/ha/year, respectively. The prioritized scenario of mangrove ecosystem management is one with an ideal proportion of mangrove and pond areas (i.e. 50:50) and the total ecological and economic benefits for a period of 25 years is USD 19.17 million.

The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

Public Investment Criteria: Benefit-Cost Analysis for Planned Economic Growth by Stephen A. Marglin. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1967. pp.103. 22s. 6d.********** Investments for Capacity Expansion: Size, Location and Time-Phasing edited by Alan S. Manne. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1967. pp.239. 45s.Investments for Capacity Expansion: Size, Location and Time-Phasing edited by Alan S. Manne. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1967. pp.239. 45s.

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Arthur MacEwan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Benefit Cost

These books are numbers 4 and 5, respectively, in the series "Studies in the Economic Development of India". The two books are interesting complements to one another, both being concerned with the analysis of projects within national plan formulation. However, they treat different sorts of problems and do so on very different levels. Marglin's Public Investment Criteria is a short treatise on the problems of cost-benefit analysis in an Indian type economy, i.e., a mixed economy in which the government accepts a large planning responsibility. The book, which is wholely theoretical, explains the many criteria needed for evaluation of projects. The work is aimed at beginning students and government officials with some training in economics. It is a clear and interesting "introduction to the special branch of economics that concerns itself with systematic analysis of investment alternatives from the point of view of a government".

Assessing desalination as a sustainable alternative using a multiple criteria decision support model

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Fernandes ◽  
M. C. Almeida ◽  
A. G. Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Decision Support Model

Desalination technologies provide an alternative for potable water production, having significant potential for application where fresh water scarcity exists. Potential benefits have to be balanced with other factors, such as high costs, high energy consumption, and significant environmental impacts, for the understanding of real risks and gains of desalination within the context of integrated water resources management. Multiple factors can be considered when analysing the viability of a desalination project but often a limited approach is used. The complexity in the analysis lies in finding the alternatives that obey to multiple objectives (e.g. reduced environmental impact, social acceptance, less cost associated). In this paper, development of a methodology based on multiple criteria decision support system for the evaluation and ranking the potential of desalination technologies is described and applied to a Portuguese case study. Relevant factors to the selection of desalination technologies were identified using SWOT analysis and the MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) approach was applied. Technical alternatives considered include reverse osmosis and multi-effect desalination (MED), together with energy production by fossil fuels or solar energy. Production of water by conventional approaches was also considered. Results, for non-economic benefits, show higher score for MED solar but, in the cost-benefit analysis, conventional methods of water production have higher ranking since costs of renewable energies are not yet competitive. However, even if not preferred in economic terms, desalination is ranked significantly above the conventional approaches for non-economic criteria.

scholarly journals Cost–Benefit Analysis of Municipal Sludge as a Low-Grade Nutrient Source: A Case Study from South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9950
Author(s):  
Eyob Habte Tesfamariam ◽  
Zekarias Mihreteab Ogbazghi ◽  
John George Annandale ◽  
Yemane Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Humid Zone

Municipal sludge has economic value as a low-grade fertilizer as it consists of appreciable amounts of the macro and micronutrients. When using sludge as fertilizer, the economic aspect should be taken into account. In this study, the following specific objectives were identified: (a) to investigate the economic feasibility of using sludge as a fertilizer; (b) to estimate the maximum economic distance sludge can be transported as a fertilizer; and (c) to test the economic feasibility of selling sludge using commercial inorganic fertilizer as a bench mark. The study showed that for anaerobically digested, paddy dried, municipal sludge consisting of 3% N, 2% P, and 0.3% K the economic feasibility of transporting the sludge was limited to a diameter of 20 km in the arid zone, 28 km in the semi-arid zone, 51 km in the sub humid zone, 66 km in the humid zone, and 75 km in the super-humid zone. Therefore, the economic feasibility of using sludge as a substitute for or complementary to commercial inorganic fertilizer is dictated by the distance between the wastewater care work and the farm, sludge nutrient concentration, agro-ecological zone (rain and temperature), and the real-time commercial inorganic fertilizer price.

scholarly journals A Framework for Risk-Based Cost–Benefit Analysis for Decision Support on Hydrogeological Risks in Underground Construction

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Johanna Merisalu ◽  
Jonas Sundell ◽  
Lars Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Underground Construction ◽  
Groundwater Leakage ◽  
Risk Reducing

Construction below the ground surface and underneath the groundwater table is often associated with groundwater leakage and drawdowns in the surroundings which subsequently can result in a wide variety of risks. To avoid groundwater drawdown-associated damages, risk-reducing measures must often be implemented. Due to the hydrogeological system’s inherent variability and our incomplete knowledge of its conditions, the effects of risk-reducing measures cannot be fully known in advance and decisions must inevitably be made under uncertainty. When implementing risk-reducing measures there is always a trade-off between the measures’ benefits (reduced risk) and investment costs which needs to be balanced. In this paper, we present a framework for decision support on measures to mitigate hydrogeological risks in underground construction. The framework is developed in accordance with the guidelines from the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and comprises a full risk-management framework with focus on risk analysis and risk evaluation. Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) facilitates monetization of consequences and economic evaluation of risk mitigation. The framework includes probabilistic risk estimation of the entire cause–effect chain from groundwater leakage to the consequences of damage where expert elicitation is combined with data-driven and process-based methods, allowing for continuous updating when new knowledge is obtained.

The Violence Prevention Program in South Australia: A Recidivism and Cost–Benefit Analysis Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110383
Author(s):  
Gene Mercer ◽  
Emma Ziersch ◽  
Shawn Sowerbutts ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Henry Pharo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Correctional Systems ◽  
Violence Prevention Program

Rehabilitation of incarcerated men is a primary focus of correctional systems across the world. The present pilot study examined the effect of participation in the South Australian Violence Prevention Program (VPP) on recidivism trajectories. Individuals who participated in the VPP were significantly less likely to engage in violent recidivism, with the greatest effect observed between Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders relative to similarly matched comparators. In addition, the types of violent crimes committed were less severe for those who engaged in treatment relative to the comparison group. No differences were observed between groups in overall rates of reoffending, or the length of time following release before reoffending. The study also quantified the economic impacts of treatment and found it was associated with a positive cost–benefit ratio of Aus$1.13. The results provide evidence that the VPP does reduce the rate of violent recidivism, and that these results translate into economic benefits for society.

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