scholarly journals Prisoner releases in postcolonial Uganda: Power, politics, and the public

Incarceration ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 263266632110597
Author(s):  
Katherine Bruce-Lockhart

This article examines prisoner releases in postcolonial Uganda, focusing on the period between independence in 1962 and the inauguration of Yoweri Museveni in 1986. During these decades, Uganda's government enacted over 30 large scale releases of prisoners and detainees, affecting approximately 20,000 individuals. These acts of clemency were highly politicized and frequently occurred during times of political transition or tension. While framed by Uganda's leaders and the official media as gestures of goodwill and symbols of progress, these releases ultimately reinforced executive power and the centrality of incarceration in state repression.

Roteiro ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Daniela De Oliveira Pires ◽  
Vera Maria Vidal Peroni

Resumo: O objetivo com este estudo foi analisar as consequências para a democratização da escola causadas pelo processo de transição política brasileira relativo ao final da Ditadura Civil-Militar (1964-1985) até a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Fernandes (2005) afirma que as transições políticas brasileiras se caracterizam por meio dos “pactos pelo alto”, o que acaba por promover a manutenção do controle das elites dirigentes e, no caso específico do contexto ora compreendido, a permanência da influência política das forças militares, após o final do regime de exceção. A metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento do estudo foi a análise bibliográfica e normativa. Com base no recorte histórico-normativo, foram analisados os primeiros Atos Institucionais, medidas arbitrárias impostas pelo poder executivo e que caracterizaram uma das manifestações de poder e autoridade. São apresentados aspectos referentes ao processo de redemocratização do País, com destaque para a aprovação da Lei de Anistia (Lei n. 6683/79) e sobre o papel das organizações e os fóruns em defesa da democracia e da escola pública, bem como sobre os desafios na efetivação da democratização da escola. Como encaminhamentos finais, considerando que a transição democrática é tida como incompleta e inacabada, acrescido do processo de reconfiguração do papel do Estado, a partir dos anos 1990, por meio do repasse da responsabilidade na promoção do direito à educação para as entidades privadas, com primazia da gestão gerencial, em contraposição à gestão democrática, tem-se, com isso, um afastamento gradativo dos mecanismos de democratização da escola, consagrados pela Carta Política de 1988.Palavras-chave: Estado brasileiro. Ditadura Civil-Militar. Transição política. Processo de redemocratização. Gestão democrática da escola.  The challenges for the democratization process of the public schoolAbstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze the consequences for the democratization of the school through the Brazilian political transition process, related to the end of the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) until the enactment of the Federal Constitution of 1988. Fernandes (2005) argues that Brazilian political transitions are characterized by “pactos por alto”, which ultimately promotes the maintenance of the control of the ruling elites, and in the specific case, the context here understood, the permanence of the political influence of the military forces, after the end of the regime of exception. The methodology used in the development of the study was the bibliographical and normative analysis. Based on the historical-normative clipping, the first Institutional Acts, arbitrary measures imposed by the executive power and that characterized one of the manifestations of power and authority, were analyzed. There are aspects related to the country’s re-democratization process, with emphasis on the approval of the Amnesty Law (Law n. 6.683/79) and on the role of organizations and forums in defense of democracy and the public school, as well as on the the democratization of the school. As final referrals, considering that the democratic transition is seen as incomplete and unfinished, and the process of reconfiguration of the state’s role since the 1990s, through the transfer of responsibility in promoting the right to education for private The primacy of managerial management, as opposed to democratic management, leads to a gradual departure from the democratization mechanisms of the school, enshrined in the 1988 Political Charter.Keywords: Brazilian State. Civil-Military Dictatorship. Political transition. Redemocratization process. Democratic management of the school.Los desafíos para el procedimiento de democratización de la escuela públicaResumen: El objetivo del estudio es analizar, a través del proceso de transición política brasileña, relativo al final de la Dictadura Civil-Militar (1964-1985) hasta la promulgación de la Constitución Federal de 1988, las consecuencias para la democratización de la escuela. (En el caso específico, del contexto ya comprendido, la permanencia de las mismas, en el caso concreto, del contexto actual, de la influencia política de las fuerzas militares, tras el final del régimen de excepción. La metodología utilizada en el desarrollo del estudio fue el análisis bibliográfico y normativo. Con base en el recorte histórico-normativo, se analizaron los primeros Actos Institucionales, medidas arbitrarias impuestas por el poder ejecutivo y que caracterizaron una de las manifestaciones de poder y autoridad. Se presentan aspectos referentes al proceso de redemocratización del país, con destaque para la aprobación de la Ley de Amnistía (Ley n. 6683/79) y sobre el papel de las organizaciones y los foros en defensa de la democracia y la escuela pública, así como, desafíos en la efectivización de la democratización de la escuela. Como encaminamientos finales, considerando que la transición democrática se considera incompleta e inacabada, más el proceso de reconfiguración del papel del Estado, a partir de los años 1990, a través del traspaso de la responsabilidad en la promoción del derecho a la educación para las entidades privadas, la primacía de la gestión gerencial, en contraposición, la gestión democrática, se tiene con ello un alejamiento gradual de los mecanismos de democratización de la escuela, consagrados por la Carta Política de 1988.Palabras clave: Estado brasileño. Dictadura Civil-Militar. Transición política. Proceso de redemocratización. Gestión democrática de la escuela.


Roteiro ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Daniela De Oliveira Pires ◽  
Vera Maria Vidal Peroni

Resumo: O objetivo com este estudo foi analisar as consequências para a democratização da escola causadas pelo processo de transição política brasileira relativo ao final da Ditadura Civil-Militar (1964-1985) até a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Fernandes (2005) afirma que as transições políticas brasileiras se caracterizam por meio dos “pactos pelo alto”, o que acaba por promover a manutenção do controle das elites dirigentes e, no caso específico do contexto ora compreendido, a permanência da influência política das forças militares, após o final do regime de exceção. A metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento do estudo foi a análise bibliográfica e normativa. Com base no recorte histórico-normativo, foram analisados os primeiros Atos Institucionais, medidas arbitrárias impostas pelo poder executivo e que caracterizaram uma das manifestações de poder e autoridade. São apresentados aspectos referentes ao processo de redemocratização do País, com destaque para a aprovação da Lei de Anistia (Lei n. 6683/79) e sobre o papel das organizações e os fóruns em defesa da democracia e da escola pública, bem como sobre os desafios na efetivação da democratização da escola. Como encaminhamentos finais, considerando que a transição democrática é tida como incompleta e inacabada, acrescido do processo de reconfiguração do papel do Estado, a partir dos anos 1990, por meio do repasse da responsabilidade na promoção do direito à educação para as entidades privadas, com primazia da gestão gerencial, em contraposição à gestão democrática, tem-se, com isso, um afastamento gradativo dos mecanismos de democratização da escola, consagrados pela Carta Política de 1988.Palavras-chave: Estado brasileiro. Ditadura Civil-Militar. Transição política. Processo de redemocratização. Gestão democrática da escola.  The challenges for the democratization process of the public schoolAbstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze the consequences for the democratization of the school through the Brazilian political transition process, related to the end of the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) until the enactment of the Federal Constitution of 1988. Fernandes (2005) argues that Brazilian political transitions are characterized by “pactos por alto”, which ultimately promotes the maintenance of the control of the ruling elites, and in the specific case, the context here understood, the permanence of the political influence of the military forces, after the end of the regime of exception. The methodology used in the development of the study was the bibliographical and normative analysis. Based on the historical-normative clipping, the first Institutional Acts, arbitrary measures imposed by the executive power and that characterized one of the manifestations of power and authority, were analyzed. There are aspects related to the country’s re-democratization process, with emphasis on the approval of the Amnesty Law (Law n. 6.683/79) and on the role of organizations and forums in defense of democracy and the public school, as well as on the the democratization of the school. As final referrals, considering that the democratic transition is seen as incomplete and unfinished, and the process of reconfiguration of the state’s role since the 1990s, through the transfer of responsibility in promoting the right to education for private The primacy of managerial management, as opposed to democratic management, leads to a gradual departure from the democratization mechanisms of the school, enshrined in the 1988 Political Charter.Keywords: Brazilian State. Civil-Military Dictatorship. Political transition. Redemocratization process. Democratic management of the school.Los desafíos para el procedimiento de democratización de la escuela públicaResumen: El objetivo del estudio es analizar, a través del proceso de transición política brasileña, relativo al final de la Dictadura Civil-Militar (1964-1985) hasta la promulgación de la Constitución Federal de 1988, las consecuencias para la democratización de la escuela. (En el caso específico, del contexto ya comprendido, la permanencia de las mismas, en el caso concreto, del contexto actual, de la influencia política de las fuerzas militares, tras el final del régimen de excepción. La metodología utilizada en el desarrollo del estudio fue el análisis bibliográfico y normativo. Con base en el recorte histórico-normativo, se analizaron los primeros Actos Institucionales, medidas arbitrarias impuestas por el poder ejecutivo y que caracterizaron una de las manifestaciones de poder y autoridad. Se presentan aspectos referentes al proceso de redemocratización del país, con destaque para la aprobación de la Ley de Amnistía (Ley n. 6683/79) y sobre el papel de las organizaciones y los foros en defensa de la democracia y la escuela pública, así como, desafíos en la efectivización de la democratización de la escuela. Como encaminamientos finales, considerando que la transición democrática se considera incompleta e inacabada, más el proceso de reconfiguración del papel del Estado, a partir de los años 1990, a través del traspaso de la responsabilidad en la promoción del derecho a la educación para las entidades privadas, la primacía de la gestión gerencial, en contraposición, la gestión democrática, se tiene con ello un alejamiento gradual de los mecanismos de democratización de la escuela, consagrados por la Carta Política de 1988.Palabras clave: Estado brasileño. Dictadura Civil-Militar. Transición política. Proceso de redemocratización. Gestión democrática de la escuela.


2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.


2020 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexander Allakhverdyan

Numerous studies by Russian scientists and historians of science are devoted to the state science policy in the USSR and its well-known achievements, but not enough attention is paid to the negative, socially repressed aspects of the Soviet science policy. Repressions became one of the main components of the state's scientific and personnel policy in the Stalinist era. The systemic analysis of the development of Soviet science declared in the scientific literature, limited only by its indisputably outstanding achievements, without under-standing the origins, causes and mechanisms of the repressed state apparatus that operated in the same period, sharply reduces the overall picture of the reliability of the study of Soviet science. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the diverse and dramatic practice of state repression in the system of Soviet science, because in the world history of science no other developed country has experienced such large-scale and tragic events in the functioning of the scientific society.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marlina Marlina

Reading short stories “Suku Pompong” (Pompong Tribe) and “Rumah di Ujung Kampung” (House at the End of the Village) is like reading a historical reality that is happening on the ground of Riau Malay. The exploitation of forest resources on a large scale in recent decades in Riau Province has changed the land use of the area of intact forest into plantation area. The exploitation process causes friction in the community. The friction is eventually lead to conflict between communities and plantation companies. Their struggle to resolve conflicts and maintain their ancestral land, the strength of the company that has the license to the land and sadness when the public finally has always been on the losing side. This study objected to describe the objective reality of the Malay community in terms of land conversion, the communal land into plantations and reality of imaginative literature contained in the short stories “Suku Pompong” dan “Rumah di Ujung Kampung”. This study applied the sociology of literature approach, while the sociological approach to literature is a literary approach that specializes in reviewing literature by considering the social aspects. Based on these approaches, it can be concluded that short stories Suku Pompong and Rumah di Ujung Jalan are short stories that raised the reality of the Malay community.AbstrakMembaca cerpen “Suku Pompong” dan cerpen “Rumah di Ujung Kampung” seperti membaca sebuah realita sejarah yang terjadi di tanah Melayu Riau. Ekploitasi sumber daya hutan secara besar-besaran pada beberapa dekade terakhir di Provinsi Riau telah mengubah tata guna lahan dari kawasan hutan yang utuh menjadi kawasan perkebunan. Proses eksploitasi tersebut menimbulkan gesekan-gesekan dalam masyarakat. Gesekan-gesekan inilah yang akhirnya menimbulkan konflik antara masyarakat dengan pihak perusahaan perkebunan. Perjuangan masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan konflik dan mempertahankan tanah leluhur mereka, kekuatan pihak perusahaan yang memiliki surat izin atas tanah tersebut, dan kesedihan ketika masyarakat akhirnya selalu berada di pihak yang kalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan realitas objektif masyarakat Melayu Riau dalam hal alih fungsi lahan, dari lahan tanah ulayat menjadi lahan perkebunan, dan realititas imajinatif sastra yang terdapat dalam cerpen “Suku Pompong” dan cerpen “Rumah di Ujung Kampung”. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra, yaitu suatu pendekatan sastra yang mengkhususkan diri dalam menelaah karya sastra dengan mempertimbangkan segi-segi sosial kemasyarakatan. Dari pendekatan tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa cerpen “Suku Pompong” dan cerpen “Rumah di Ujung Kampung” memang merupakan cerpen yang mengangkat realitas masyarakat Melayu Riau.


Author(s):  
Yevgeny Victorovich Romat ◽  
Yury Volodimirovich Havrilechko

The article is devoted to research of theoretical problems of the concepts of the subject and object of public marketing. The definitions of these concepts are considered in the article, the evolution of their development is studied. The article provides an analysis of the main approaches to the notion of subjects and objects of public marketing, their relationship and role in the processes of public marketing. The authors proposes concrete approaches to their systematization. These approaches allow us to identify specific types of public marketing and their main characteristics. Relying on the analysis of the concept of “subject of public (state) management”, it is concluded that as bodies of state marketing, most often act as executive bodies of state power. In this case, the following levels of marketing subjects in the system of public administration are allocated: the highest level of executive power; Branch central bodies of executive power; Local government bodies; Separate government agencies. It is noted that the diversity of subjects of public marketing is explained, first of all, by the dependence on the tasks of the state and municipal government, the possibilities of introducing the marketing concept of these subjects and certain characteristics of the said objects of state marketing. It is noted that the concept of “subject of public marketing” is not always the identical notion of “subject of public administration”. First, not all public authorities are subjects of state marketing. In some cases, this is not appropriate, for example, in the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine or the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Secondly, state marketing is just one of many alternative management concepts, which is not always the most effective in the public administration system.


Author(s):  
Liesel Mack Filgueiras ◽  
Andreia Rabetim ◽  
Isabel Aché Pillar

Reflection about the role of community engagement and corporate social investment in Brazil, associated with the presence of a large economic enterprise, is the major stimulus of this chapter. It seeks to present how cross-sector governance can contribute to the social development of a city and how this process can be led by a partnership comprising a corporate foundation, government, and civil society. The concept of the public–private social partnership (PPSP) is explored: a strategy for building a series of inter-sectoral alliances aimed at promoting the sustainable development of territories where the company has large-scale enterprises, through joint efforts towards integrated long-term strategic planning, around a common agenda. To this end, the case of Canaã dos Carajás is introduced, a municipality in the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, where large-scale mining investment is being carried out by the mining company Vale SA.


Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-930
Author(s):  
Igor Fedyukin

This article uses the materials of the Drezdensha affair, a large-scale investigation of “indecency” in St. Petersburg in 1750, to explore unofficial sociability among the Imperial elite, and to map out the institutional, social, and economic dimensions of the post-Petrine “sexual underworld.” Sociability and, ultimately, the public sphere in eighteenth century Russia are usually associated with loftier practices, with joining the ranks of the reading public, reflecting on the public good, and generally, becoming more civil and polite. Yet, it is the privately-run, commercially-oriented, and sexually-charged “parties” at the focus of this article that arguably served as a “training ground” for developing the habits of sociability. The world of these “parties” provides a missing link between the debauchery and carousing of Peter I's era and the more polite formats of associational life in the late eighteenth century, as well as the historical context for reflections on morality, sexual licentiousness, foppery, and the excesses of “westernization.”


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Gille ◽  
Caroline Brall

AbstractPublic trust is paramount for the well functioning of data driven healthcare activities such as digital health interventions, contact tracing or the build-up of electronic health records. As the use of personal data is the common denominator for these healthcare activities, healthcare actors have an interest to ensure privacy and anonymity of the personal data they depend on. Maintaining privacy and anonymity of personal data contribute to the trustworthiness of these healthcare activities and are associated with the public willingness to trust these activities with their personal data. An analysis of online news readership comments about the failed care.data programme in England revealed that parts of the public have a false understanding of anonymity in the context of privacy protection of personal data as used for healthcare management and medical research. Some of those commenting demanded complete anonymity of their data to be willing to trust the process of data collection and analysis. As this demand is impossible to fulfil and trust is built on a false understanding of anonymity, the inability to meet this demand risks undermining public trust. Since public concerns about anonymity and privacy of personal data appear to be increasing, a large-scale information campaign about the limits and possibilities of anonymity with respect to the various uses of personal health data is urgently needed to help the public to make better informed choices about providing personal data.


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