Tartrate-resistant acid ATPase as a cytochemical marker for osteoclasts.

We present a modified histochemical method for staining osteoclasts and adjacent mononuclear cells which takes advantage of the recently described substrate specificity for ATP of osteoclastic acid phosphatase. Staining of osteoclasts using ATP as substrate exhibits by light microscopy the same tartrate resistance as conventional acidic phosphatases, without the bone surface staining seen with other substrates. This feature, coupled with specific staining of fewer vicinal mononuclear cells, makes this method potentially useful for studying osteoclast ontogeny and function.

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Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in mononuclear and multinuclear cells during the bone resorption of tooth eruption.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/35.11.3655324 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (11) ◽

pp. 1227-1230 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

S C Marks ◽

M L Grolman

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Eruption ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Dental Follicle ◽

Multinuclear Cells ◽

Cytochemical Marker

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been used as a cytochemical marker for the cell mediators of bone resorption, osteoclasts and their mononuclear precursors. We have applied a cytochemical method for TRAP to study the dependence of the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption of tooth eruption on the dental follicle, a connective tissue investment of the developing tooth, by analyzing the TRAP activity of mononuclear cells in the dental follicle before and during pre-molar eruption in dogs. The percentage of TRAP-positive monocyte cells increases until mid-eruption, slightly preceding a previously demonstrated rise in numbers of osteoclasts on adjacent bone surfaces. These data suggest an ontogenetic relationship between follicular mononuclear cells and osteoclasts on adjacent alveolar bone surfaces during tooth eruption. However, because TRAP occurs in other tissues and is not an exclusive indicator of pre-osteoclasts, proof of their relationship will have to await application of more definitive techniques.

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Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in bone and cartilage following decalcification and cold-embedding in plastic.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/35.2.3540104 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 203-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 148

Author(s):

A A Cole ◽

L M Walters

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Histochemical Marker ◽

Cold Embedding ◽

Embedding Medium ◽

Improved Technique ◽

Cytochemical Marker ◽

And Cartilage

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been proposed as a cytochemical marker for osteoclasts. We have developed an improved technique for the localization of TRAP in rat and mouse bone and cartilage. This procedure employs JB-4 plastic as the embedding medium, permits decalcification, and results in improved morphology compared with frozen sections. Peritoneal lavage cells were used to determine the appropriate isomer and concentration of tartrate necessary for inhibition of tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase. After incubation in medium containing 50 mM L(+)-tartaric acid, osteoclasts and chondroclasts were heavily stained with reaction product. On the basis of their relative sensitivity to tartrate inhibition, three populations of mononuclear cells could also be distinguished. These three populations may represent: heavily stained osteoclast/chondroclast precursors; sparsely stained osteoblast-like cells lining the bone surface; and unstained cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage. Our results are consistent with the use of TRAP as a histochemical marker for study of the osteoclast.

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Phenotypic and Functional Alterations of Immune Effectors in Periodontitis; A Multifactorial and Complex Oral Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 875

Author(s):

Kawaljit Kaur ◽

Shahram Vaziri ◽

Marcela Romero-Reyes ◽

Avina Paranjpe ◽

Anahid Jewett

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

And Function

Survival and function of immune subsets in the oral blood, peripheral blood and gingival tissues of patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls were assessed. NK and CD8 + T cells within the oral blood mononuclear cells (OBMCs) expressed significantly higher levels of CD69 in patients with periodontal disease compared to those from healthy controls. Similarly, TNF-α release was higher from oral blood of patients with periodontal disease when compared to healthy controls. Increased activation induced cell death of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) but not OBMCs from patients with periodontal disease was observed when compared to those from healthy individuals. Unlike those from healthy individuals, OBMC-derived supernatants from periodontitis patients exhibited decreased ability to induce secretion of IFN-γ by allogeneic healthy PBMCs treated with IL-2, while they triggered significant levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by untreated PBMCs. Interaction of PBMCs, or NK cells with intact or NFκB knock down oral epithelial cells in the presence of a periodontal pathogen, F. nucleatum, significantly induced a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ. These studies indicated that the relative numbers of immune subsets obtained from peripheral blood may not represent the composition of the immune cells in the oral environment, and that orally-derived immune effectors may differ in survival and function from those of peripheral blood.

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Viability and Functional Activity of Cryopreserved Mononuclear Cells

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.7.4.714-716.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 714-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Adriana Weinberg ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Darby Brown ◽

Alejo Erice ◽

Bruce Polsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Cell Number ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

And Function ◽

Functional Analyses ◽

Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACT Factors that influence viability and function of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were identified on 54 samples from 27 AIDS Clinical Trial Units. PBMC viability ranged from 1 to 96% with a median of 70%, was higher in laboratories with experienced staff, and was not significantly associated with CD4 cell number. Function of cryopreserved PBMC, measured by lymphocyte proliferation, was associated with viability. Preparations with viability greater than or equal to 70% had consistent proliferative responses and were suitable for functional analyses.

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The Tegument and Associated Structures of Fasciola Hepatica

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s3-104.68.505 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol s3-104 (68) ◽

pp. 505-512

Author(s):

L. T. THREADGOLD

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Golgi Bodies ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function ◽

Internal Level

The cuticle of light microscopy is shown by electron microscopy to be a surface layer of protoplasm which is an extension of areas of nucleated protoplasm lying deep in the parenchyma. The cuticle therefore exists at two levels. The external level is syncytial, consisting of plateaux separated by branching valleys. This level contains apical pinocytotic vesicles, numerous mitochondria, endoplasmic membranes, large basal and other vacuoles, and dense spines. Tube-like evaginations from the base of the external level connect it to the individual areas of flask-shaped protoplasm which compose the internal level. Each of these areas of protoplasm contains a nucleus, great numbers of mitochondria, some vacuoles and diffuse inclusions, and the Golgi bodies. The histochemistry and function of the cuticle is discussed in the light of this new knowledge of cuticular ultrastructure, and a comparison is made between the cuticle of Cestoda and Trematoda.

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Assessment of Engraftment and Function of Human Tonsillar and Blood Mononuclear Cells in Immunodeficient Mice

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Advances in Mucosal Immunology ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-1941-6_15 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

B. Albini ◽

D. Nadal ◽

C. Chen ◽

E. Schlapfer ◽

B. K. Mookerjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Immunodeficient Mice ◽

Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

And Function

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KORELASI KADAR SERUM IFN-γ, EKSPRESI DAN FUNGSI RESEPTOR IFN-γ, DENGAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU (The Correlation Of Ifn-γ Serum Level, Ifn-γ Receptor Expression And Function, With Pulmonary Tuberculosis)

Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.24198/ijas.v3i3.15045 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jahja Teguh Widjaja

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Serum Level ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

And Function

AbstrakUntuk dapat bekerja dengan efektif menghadapi M. tuberculosis, sistim imunitas seluler memerlukan kadar IFN-γ dan reseptor IFN-γ di sel-sel mononuklear yang bekerja optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis korelasi antara kadar serum IFN-, ekspresi dan fungsi reseptor IFN-γ, dengan kejadian penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru. Observasi analitik dengan rancangan potong silang yang membandingkan kadar serum IFN-γ, fungsi dan ekspresi reseptor IFN-γ, pada pasien TB Paru dengan pasangannya yang sehat, serta menganalisis korelasi antara variabel-variabel tersebut dengan kejadian penyakit TB Paru. Penelitian dilakukan pada Juli 2009 sampai September 2010, di RS Immanuel Bandung dan laboratorium Stem Cell & Cancer Institute, Jakarta. Dibandingkan pasangan hidupnya, kadar serum IFN-γ pasien TB tidak berbeda bermakna, ekspresi reseptor IFN-γ pasien TB lebih tinggi (p=0,041), sedangkan fungsi reseptor IFN-γ pasien TB lebih rendah (p=0,011). Analisis korelasi mendapatkan satusatunya variabel yang mempunyai korelasi bermakna dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru adalah fungsi reseptor IFN-γ yang rendah (p=0,026, OR 5,56). Pada pasien TB Paru ekspresi reseptor IFN-γ lebih tinggi, tetapi fungsi reseptor IFN-γ lebih rendah dari pasangan hidup sehat. Fungsi reseptor IFN-γ yang rendah ini mempunyai korelasi bermakna dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru.Kata kunci: tuberkulosis, kadar serum IFN-γ, ekspresi dan fungsi reseptor IFN-γ.AbstractIn order to work effectively against M. tuberculosis, the cell mediated immune system needs serum level of IFN-γ and its receptors in the surface of mononuclear cells to function optimally. The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation of IFNγ serum level, expression and function of IFN-γ receptor, with pulmonary tuberculosis. Analytical descriptive method with cross sectional design that compared the serum level of IFN-γ, function and expression of IFN-γ receptor in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with their healthy spouses, and analyzing the correlation between these variables with pulmonary tuberculosis. Study was done from July 2009 until September 2010, in Immanuel hospital Bandung and Stem Cell & Cancer Institute Jakarta. Compared with their healthy spouses the IFN-γ serum level in TB patients was not different statistically, the IFN-γ receptor expression in TB patients was higher (p=0,041), however, the IFN-γ receptor function of TB patients was lower (p=0,011). Correlation analysis showed that the only variable had correlation significantly with pulmonary tuberculosis was low function of IFN-γ receptor (p=0,026,OR 5,56). The expression of IFN-γ receptor in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was higher, while the function of IFN-γ receptor was lower than their healthy spouses. The low function of IFN-γ receptor had significantly correlation with pulmonary tuberculosis. Key Words: Tuberculosis, IFN-γ serum level, IFN-γ receptor expression and function.

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Giant Cell Tumors: Inquiry Into Immunohistochemical Expression of CD117 (c-Kit), Microphthalmia Transcription Factor, Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase, and HAM-56

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2005-129-360-gctiii ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 360-365

Author(s):

Rolando Y. Ramos ◽

Helen M. Haupt ◽

Peter A. Kanetsky ◽

Rakesh Donthineni-Rao ◽

Carmen Arenas-Elliott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

Giant Cell Tumors ◽

Microphthalmia Transcription Factor

Abstract Context.—Osteoclast-like giant cells (GCs) in giant cell tumors (GCTs) are thought to derive from a monocyte-macrophage lineage. Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is necessary for osteoclast gene expression and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activation; c-Kit plays a role in regulation of MITF. Objective.—To gain insight into the differentiation of GCTs of bone (GCTBs) and GCTs tendon sheath (GCTTSs) by investigating immunohistochemical staining for c-Kit, MITF, TRAP, and HAM-56 in the GCs and stroma. Design.—Immunoreactivity for CD117 (c-Kit), MITF, TRAP, and HAM-56 was studied in 35 GCTBs, 15 GCTTSs, and 5 foreign-body GC controls. Results.—Across tumors, MITF and TRAP but not c-Kit were generally expressed in GCs; TRAP was variably expressed in stromal cells. The MITF was expressed more consistently in stromal cells of GCTTSs than GCTBs (P < .001). The GCTBs showed more intense MITF stromal (P < .001) and TRAP GC staining (P = .04) than GCTTSs. HAM-56 staining by stromal cells was associated with MITF stromal staining (r2 = 0.6, P < .001). Conclusions.—Results suggest that MITF and TRAP are expressed during osteoclast differentiation and that a proportion of mononuclear cells in GCTs express the macrophage marker HAM-56. Both GCTBs and GCTTSs show similar patterns of immunohistochemical expression.

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