Surface Roughness and Droplet Contact Angle Measurement of Various Orthodontic Bonding Cements

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O'Kane ◽  
R. G. Oliver ◽  
R. E. Blunden
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Orthodontic Bonding

Surface characteristics that are considered important for bacterial attachment to thirteen orthodontic bonding composite cements and one glass ionomer cement were examined in vitro before and after toothbrush abrasion. The surface roughness and contact angle measurements were found to be statistically significantly different between the materials, both before and after brushing, and there were also statistically significant changes within materials after brushing. There were low correlation coefficients between surface roughness and contact angle for both pre-and post-brushed materials.

Curing Time and Water Repellent Properties of Dammar-Titanium Dioxide Thin Film

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Aisyah Nor Hasnan ◽  
Azizah Hanom Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Before And After

Dammar plant resin is a local natural resin that can be bled from Dipterocaupacea sp of tree. It can be found abundantly in Malaysia’s tropical forest especially in Sarawak. Dammar and Titanium Dioxide was mixed in a various wt% to produce Dammar-modified Titanium Dioxide coating system. The modified coating systems were then spin-coated onto Aluminium Q-panel as the substrate. Coated Q-panels were left to cure at room temperature. The curing time was evaluated using dust free stage. The addition of Titanium Dioxide into the coating system fastens the curing time taken for the coated Q-panel to be cure. It only took about 11-12 minutes to dry compared to the coating system before the addition of Titanium Dioxide where a quite long duration required, 32 minutes. Contact angle measurement was also carried out in order to determine the wettability of the coating system. The surface coated with dammar-modified titanium dioxide found to be hydrophobic where a quite large contact angle obtained for the sample with 3 wt% of Titanium Dioxide (PDT3). The water droplets actually rest on the coating surface without wetting the surface. Water absorption test was done to strengthen the contact angle results where coated substrate was soaked into distilled water for 24 hours and being weighed before and after soaking. The difference of before and after soaking weigh showed that the coating surface does not absorb that much water where only approximately 0.02% of water being absorbed by the coating system for 3 wt%. It proved that the coating systems applied are hydrophobic.

In Vitro Human Osteoblast Responses to Titanium Oxide-Based Surfaces with Varying Topology and Composition

2009 ◽  
Vol 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Andrew Collier ◽  
Julien M. Paillard ◽  
Athina E. Markaki ◽  
James A. Curran ◽  
Helen J Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Alp Activity

AbstractThe surface topology and composition of prosthetic implant materials affect cell responses and are therefore important design features. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a surface modification technique that can be used to produce oxidized surfaces with various surface properties. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V was PEO processed to give two surfaces with different morphologies but similar chemical composition. Surface characteristics were assessed using X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, stylus profilometry and contact angle measurement.In vitro culture of human foetal osteoblasts (HOB) was performed on the surfaces, to examine cell responses to them. Cellular proliferation, morphology and differentiation were examined, using the AlamarBlue assay, SEM imaging and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay respectively. Additionally, the individual effects of oxides present in the PEO processed surfaces (rutile and anatase) on the cells were examined, by binding them in powder form to produce surfaces with similar morphology, but different composition.Changes in the topology and chemistry of the surfaces affected osteoblast response. HOB proliferated more on the rougher PEO surface, and also displayed greater ALP activity. Also, cells responded differently to surfaces containing just rutile or anatase, indicating that the chemical phase of titanium oxide is of consequence for implant design.

Wettability measurements on two sandstones: an experimental investigation before and after CO2 flooding

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Cut Aja Fauziah ◽  
Emad A. Al-Khdheeawi ◽  
Ahmed Barifcani ◽  
Stefan Iglauer
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Berea Sandstone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Wettability of rock–fluid systems is an important for controlling the carbon dioxide (CO2) movement and the capacities of CO2 geological trapping mechanisms. Although contact angle measurement is considered a potentially scalable parameter for evaluation of the wettability characteristics, there are still large uncertainties associated with the contact angle measurement for CO2–brine–rock systems. Thus, this study experimentally examined the wettability, before and after flooding, of two different samples of sandstone: Berea and Bandera grey sandstones. For both samples, several sets of flooding of brine (5 wt % NaCl + 1 wt % KCl in deionised water), CO2-saturated (live) brine and supercritical CO2 were performed. The contact angle measurements were conducted for the CO2–sandstone system at two different reservoir pressures (10 and 15 MPa) and at a reservoir temperature of 323 K. The results showed that both the advancing and receding contact angles of the sandstone samples after flooding were higher than that measured before flooding (i.e. after CO2 injection the sandstones became more CO2-wet). Moreover, the Bandera grey samples had higher contact angles than Berea sandstone. Thus, we conclude that CO2 flooding altered the sandstone wettability to be more CO2-wet, and Berea sandstone had a higher CO2 storage capacity than Bandera grey sandstone.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SILICA COATING IN ACRYLIC ARTIFICIAL TEETH ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS, CONTACT ANGLE, AND GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Adella Syvia Maharani ◽  
Pramudya Aditama ◽  
Murti Indrastuti ◽  
Suparyono Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Silica Coating ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Group I ◽  
Artificial Teeth

ABSTRACTBackground: Acrylic resin artificial teeth is easily to have bacterial adhesion. It is necessary to perform a treatment on that surface, in order to reduce bacterial adhesion. This study aimed to reveal the effect of silica coating in acrylic resin artificial teeth on surface roughness, contact angle measurement, and the growth of Streptococcus mutans.Method: The study was conducted on two groups (n=16) of disk-shaped acrylic resin artificial teeth with a diameter of 10 mm and thickness of 2 mm. A 2% silica coating material was obtained by diluting 2 g silica nanoparticles on 100 ml of ethanol. Surface roughness, contact angle measurement, and the growth of Streptococcus mutans was measured using surface roughness measuring instrument, camera digital, and colony counter. The data obtained were then analyzed using T-test (p<0.05).Result: The results showed that the surface roughness and contact angle measurement in group I (0.29±0.08 μm); (79,49º ± 10,88º) was higher than group II (0.17±0.05 μm); (34,77º±0,05º). The growth of Streptococcus mutans in group I was also higher (32.28±3.75 CFU/ml) than group II (24.83±3.47 CFU/ml). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is an effect of silica coating on surface roughness, contact angle measurement, and the growth of Streptococcus mutans in acrylic resin artificial teeth.

scholarly journals Simple method of fabrication of hydrophobic coatings for polyurethanes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Butruk ◽  
Paulina Ziętek ◽  
Tomasz Ciach
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Hydrophobic Coatings ◽  
Grafting Reaction

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a method of manufacturing versatile hydrophobic coatings for polymers. Authors present a simple technique of polyurethane (PU) surface modification with covalently attached silicones (PDMS) or fluorocarbons (PFC). Diisocyanates were applied as linker molecules. The obtained coatings were characterized using spectroscopic analysis (FTIR), scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and water contact angle measurements. FTIR analysis revealed high efficiency of grafting reaction. The results of contact angle measurement indicated significant increase of hydrophobicity — from 66° (unmodified PU) to 113° (PU grafted with PDMS) and 118° (PU grafted with PFC). Acoustic microscopy analysis confirmed satisfactory homogeneity and smoothness of the fabricated layers. In vitro cell tests revealed non-adherent properties of the surfaces. Both, MTT assay and fluorescence staining confirmed non-cytotoxicity of the coatings, which makes them potential candidates for use in biomedical applications.

Fabrication of superhydrophobic cotton fabrics through wrapping silica with plasma-induced grafting polymerization

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Li ◽  
Chao Zou ◽  
Jianzhong Shao ◽  
Ya’nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Washing Durability ◽  
Before And After

Cotton fabric is commonly used in daily life, but it is easily wetted and contaminated by liquid. Herein, we present a simple and environmentally friendly plasma technology for hydrophobic modification of cotton fabric. In order to endow superhydrophobicity to cotton fabric, helium plasma inducing graft polymerization of 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4Vi) was utilized to wrap SiO2 particles on cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were successively dipped in silica sol and D4Vi, then treated by plasma. Cotton fabrics before and after modification were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurement. The experimental results showed that the cotton-SiO2-D4Vi consisted of nanoscale SiO2 protrusions and low-surface-energy film polymerized by D4Vi. In addition, the one wrapped SiO2 of 161 nm presented excellent hydrophobicity, washing durability, and repellency toward different types of liquids with a water contact angle of 152°.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antithrombogenic pHPC on CoCr Substrates for Biomedical Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Catrin Bannewitz ◽  
Tim Lenz-Habijan ◽  
Jonathan Lentz ◽  
Marcus Peters ◽  
Volker Trösken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Chandler Loop ◽  
Coated Surfaces

Bare metal endovascular implants pose a significant risk of causing thrombogenic complications. Antithrombogenic surface modifications, such as phenox’s “Hydrophilic Polymer Coating” (pHPC), which was originally developed for NiTi implants, decrease the thrombogenicity of metal surfaces. In this study, the transferability of pHPC onto biomedical CoCr-based alloys is examined. Coated surfaces were characterized via contact-angle measurement and atomic force microscopy. The equivalence of the antithrombogenic effect in contact with whole human blood was demonstrated in vitro for CoCr plates compared to NiTi plates on a platform shaker and for braided devices in a Chandler loop. Platelet adhesion was assessed via scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The coating efficiency of pHPC on CoCr plates was confirmed by a reduction of the contact angle from 84.4° ± 5.1° to 36.2° ± 5.2°. The surface roughness was not affected by the application of pHPC. Platelet adhesion was significantly reduced on pHPC-coated specimens. The platelet covered area was reduced by 85% for coated CoCr plates compared to uncoated samples. Uncoated braided devices were completely covered by platelets, while on the pHPC-coated samples, very few platelets were visible. In conclusion, the antithrombogenic effect of pHPC coating can be successfully applied on CoCr plates as well as stent-like CoCr braids.

Approaches for Characterizing Surfaces Damaged by Disinfection in Healthcare

Nano LIFE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950002
Author(s):  
Phillip Strader ◽  
Younghwan Lee ◽  
Peter Teska ◽  
Xiaobao Li ◽  
Jacob L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and occur in many healthcare facilities including hospitals, surgery centers and long-term care facilities. It is well known that some pathogens can persist on healthcare surfaces for weeks to months and spread readily to new surfaces. It is current practice to disinfect or clean surfaces routinely in order to reduce the risk of HAIs. However, routine cleaning can damage the surface chemically or mechanically, which may actually increase the surface contamination. Fundamental knowledge is therefore needed to understand the influence of cleaning and disinfection on healthcare surfaces in order to mitigate pathogen persistence. In this study, materials and objects found in healthcare facilities were selected and exposed to disinfection procedures including wiping and soaking with readily available chemical disinfectants. A variety of chemical disinfectants were selected which contain hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonia, and chlorine, respectively. Optical microscopy, contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nanoindentation are used to analyze surface characteristics before and after disinfection in order to study the effect of disinfection on material properties. Disinfection procedures are found to cause changes to surface properties of materials and objects which can be detected and observed or quantified by the approaches used in this study. The methods should become regular practice in the studies of healthcare surfaces and their role in HAIs. Each method in this study may not be reliably applied to every object or disinfection scenario. Sample geometry and features may influence response during measurement and affect results. The combination of the approaches is able to sufficiently characterize chemical, mechanical, and topological changes to the surface.

scholarly journals Preparation of Superhydrophobic Teflon® AF 1600 Sub-Micron Fibers and Yarns Using the Forcespinningtm Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yatinkumar Rane ◽  
Aleksey Altecor ◽  
Nelson S. Bell ◽  
Karen Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Wetting Properties

Superhydrophobic materials combined with manufacturing processes that can increase surface roughness of the material, offer an opportunity to effectively control wetting properties. Rapid formation of Teflon® AF (TAF) fibrous mats with sub-micron fiber diameter using the Forcespinning™ technique is presented. The fiber formation technique is based on the use of centrifugal forces. SEM analysis shows uniform formation of TAF 1600 fibers with average diameter of 362±58nm. Contact angle measurement confirms the superhydrophobic nature of the mats with contact angles as high as 169° ± 3° and rolling angles of 2°. TAF 1600 mats were forcespun at a rate of 1gr/min. The relationship between the contact angle and hierarchical surface roughness of the TAF mat is also discussed. TAF yarns were also manufactured and characterized. Yarns with diameters of 156 microns withstood 17.5 MPa of engineering stress with a Young's modulus of 348 MPa in the elastic region and excellent thermal stability.

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