Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Among Clinical Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Riyadh

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. El-Karsh ◽  
A.F. Tawfik ◽  
F. AL-Shammary ◽  
S. AL-Salah ◽  
A.M. Kambal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum

scholarly journals Assessment of Ceftazidime-Avibactam 30/20-μg Disk, Etest versus Broth Microdilution Results When Tested against Enterobacterales Clinical Isolates

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renru Han ◽  
Xuelin Yang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Dandan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The World ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Combinational Therapies

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, especially for extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales , are disseminating rapidly around the world. Treatment options for these infections are limited, which prompt the development of novel or combinational therapies to combat the infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Detection of TEM and CTX-M Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens at Tertiary Care Heart Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ram Shankar Prasad Sah ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative pathogens, predominantly ESBL-producing clinical isolates, are increasing worldwide. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing clinical isolates, their antibiogram, and the frequency of ESBL genes (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) in the clinical samples from patients. Methods: A total of 1065 clinical specimens from patients suspected of heart infections were collected between February and August 2019. Bacterial isolates were identified on colony morphology and biochemical properties. Thus, obtained clinical isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, while ESBL producers were identified by using a combination disk diffusion method. ESBL positive isolates were further assessed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the ESBL genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M. Results: Out of 1065 clinical specimens, 17.8% (190/1065) showed bacterial growth. Among 190 bacterial isolates, 57.4% (109/190) were Gram-negative bacteria. Among 109 Gram-negative bacteria, 40.3% (44/109) were E. coli, and 30.2% (33/109) were K. pneumoniae. In AST, 57.7% (n = 63) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 47.7% (n = 52) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Over half of the isolates (51.3%; 56/109) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Of 44 E. coli, 27.3% (12/44) were ESBL producers. Among ESBL producer E. coli isolates, 58.4% (7/12) tested positive for the blaCTX-M gene and 41.6% (5/12) tested positive for the blaTEM gene. Conclusion: Half of the Gram-negative bacteria in our study were MDR. Routine identification of an infectious agent followed by AST is critical to optimize the treatment and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Production among Clinical Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolates in A Tertiary Hospital, Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Babatunde Odetoyin ◽  
Oluwaseun Adewole
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Test Scheme ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as important mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance to beta-lactam drugs in hospitals, thereby limiting the available treatment options for infections caused by these microorganisms. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of ESBL production among clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria as part of the global efforts to provide information for the containment of the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This is a laboratory-based study of 186 consecutive non-duplicate Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from diverse clinical samples at the Microbiology laboratory of the hospital after standard aerobic cultures. The isolates were identified by conventional biochemical test scheme and commercial GNB API 20E identification kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of each isolate was determined by the disk diffusion technique. Isolates presumptively identified as ESBL producers from the AST assay were confirmed by the combination disks method. Escherichia coli (n=43; 23.1%) predominated among the organisms, followed by Enterobacter spp (n=23; 12.4%) and Klebsiella spp (n=22; 11.8%). Most of the organisms (95.7%) were resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin, but the least resistance (4.3%) was exhibited to imipenem. Fifty-eight (31.2%) isolates were ESBL producers with a preponderance of E. coli (n=15; 25.9%). The ESBL producers were commonly isolated from urine samples (n=31; 53.4%), and were significantly more resistant to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, augmentin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and cefotaxime (p<0.05). This study has highlighted the therapeutic implications of the presence of EBSL in clinical isolates which was depicted by their multi-drug resistance phenotypes, thus emphasizing the need for continuous surveillance of bacterial resistance, institution of antimicrobial resistance stewardship in our hospital and regular screening of ESBLs in clinical isolates to prevent treatment failure.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producers among Gram-negative Bacteria from Clinical and Environmental Sources in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Makurdi, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Florence Bose Omoregbe ◽  
Obasola Ezekiel Fagade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) enzymes are produced by many Gram-negative bacteria to nearly all antibiotics. Clinical bacteria isolates were obtained from various clinical samples from the two healthcare facilities. Sewer wastewater and sediments were also collected from both hospitals using standard sampling techniques and bacteria isolated using pour plate technique. Multiple drug resistant patterns were determined using disc diffusion technique. Antibiotics sensitivity of the isolates was verified using disc diffusion method. Detection of ESBL producing bacteria was done using double disc synergy test. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. Clinical bacteria (403) were obtained, out of which 299 were confirmed Gram-negative, 218 from Federal Medical Centre (FMC) and 81 from Benue State Teaching Hospital (BSUTH). Thirty-nine Gram-negative bacteria were also isolated from the environmental samples. The ESBL producers in clinical isolates were 69 (FMC) and 42 (BSUTH) while in environmental isolates they were eight and four respectively. Out of a total of 338 environmental and clinical isolates from the two hospitals, 216 shown resistance/intermediate resistance to Ceftazidime. Of these 216, 123(36.39%) were positive for ESBLs production.- space From FMC, ESBLs producing bacteria are highly sensitive to imipenem with sensitivity frequency of 62 while they were highly resistant to ceftazidime with a frequency of 52. Age groups 0-5 had the highest percentage distribution of 21.43% and 10.14% from BSUTH and FMC respectively. ESBLs producing bacteria showed multidrug resistance.

Antimicrobial Activity of Iron-Halide Complexes Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Abedin ◽  
Abdullah Hamed A Alshehri ◽  
Ali M A Almughrbi ◽  
Olivia Moore ◽  
Sheikh Alyza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the more serious threats to the global health. The emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial substances decreases the potencies of current antibiotics. Consequently, there is an urgent and growing need for the developing of new classes of antibiotics. Three prepared novel iron complexes have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 3.5 to 10 mM and 3.5 to 40 mM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with antimicrobial resistance phenotype, respectively. Time-kill studies and quantification of the extracellular DNA confirmed the bacteriolytic mode of action of the iron-halide compounds. Additionally, the novel complexes showed significant antibiofilm activity against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains at concentrations lower than the MBC. The cytotoxic effect of the complexes on different mammalian cell lines show sub-cytotoxic values at concentrations lower than the minimum bactericidal concentrations.

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