Detection of TEM and CTX-M Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens at Tertiary Care Heart Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative pathogens, predominantly ESBL-producing clinical isolates, are increasing worldwide. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing clinical isolates, their antibiogram, and the frequency of ESBL genes (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) in the clinical samples from patients. Methods: A total of 1065 clinical specimens from patients suspected of heart infections were collected between February and August 2019. Bacterial isolates were identified on colony morphology and biochemical properties. Thus, obtained clinical isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, while ESBL producers were identified by using a combination disk diffusion method. ESBL positive isolates were further assessed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the ESBL genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M. Results: Out of 1065 clinical specimens, 17.8% (190/1065) showed bacterial growth. Among 190 bacterial isolates, 57.4% (109/190) were Gram-negative bacteria. Among 109 Gram-negative bacteria, 40.3% (44/109) were E. coli, and 30.2% (33/109) were K. pneumoniae. In AST, 57.7% (n = 63) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 47.7% (n = 52) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Over half of the isolates (51.3%; 56/109) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Of 44 E. coli, 27.3% (12/44) were ESBL producers. Among ESBL producer E. coli isolates, 58.4% (7/12) tested positive for the blaCTX-M gene and 41.6% (5/12) tested positive for the blaTEM gene. Conclusion: Half of the Gram-negative bacteria in our study were MDR. Routine identification of an infectious agent followed by AST is critical to optimize the treatment and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

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128. Adequacy of Commonly Prescribed Antimicrobials for Empiric Coverage of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Recovered from the Bloodstream of Patients Attending Emergency Rooms in Canada: Analysis of Data from the CANWARD Study, 2007 to 2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S93-S93

Author(s):

Andrew Walkty ◽

Heather Adam ◽

Melanie Baxter ◽

Amina Henni ◽

Philippe Lagace-Wiens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Emergency Rooms ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Negative Bacteremia ◽

Average Proportion

Abstract Background Inadequate empiric antimicrobial therapy for Gram-negative bacteremia is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion of Gram-negative bacterial isolates recovered from the bloodstream of patients attending Canadian emergency rooms (ERs) that remain susceptible to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Methods Annually from 2007 to 2018, sentinel hospitals across Canada collected bloodstream isolates from patients attending ERs as part of the CANWARD study. Susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution as described by CLSI (data analysis limited to Gram-negative bacteria in the top 10 pathogens), with current CLSI breakpoints applied. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates were confirmed using the CLSI disk diffusion method. Results Gram-negative bacteria among the top 10 bloodstream pathogens for patients seen at ERs across Canada were: Escherichia coli (n = 2,414), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 573), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 211), Proteus mirabilis (n = 119), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 114). Aggregate susceptibility of these isolates to common antimicrobials was as follows (% susceptible [S]): meropenem 99.4% S, piperacillin–tazobactam 98.5% S, gentamicin 93.3% S, ceftriaxone 88.1% S, ciprofloxacin 81.4% S, TMP-SMX 73.5% S. The most active antimicrobials evaluated vs. E. coli were meropenem (100% S), piperacillin–tazobactam (98.8% S), and ceftriaxone (93.3% S). Ceftriaxone susceptibility among E. coli isolates declined from 95.4% in 2007 to 89.8% in 2018. The average proportion of E. coli isolates that harbored an ESBL enzyme increased from 3.4% in the first three study years to 8.4% in the last three study years. The most active antimicrobials evaluated vs. K. pneumoniae isolates were meropenem (99.7% S), piperacillin–tazobactam (98.8% S), gentamicin (97.7% S), and ceftriaxone (96.9% S). Conclusion The most consistently active antimicrobials for empiric treatment of patients at Canadian ERs with Gram-negative bacteremia are meropenem and piperacillin–tazobactam. Ceftriaxone susceptibility among E. coli has declined over the last 12 years, mostly related to an increase in ESBL-producing isolates. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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2217. Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia in US Medical Centers During 2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1895 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S756-S756

Author(s):

Helio S Sader ◽

Michael D Huband ◽

Cecilia G Carvalhaes ◽

Mariana Castanheira

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Central Laboratory ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Esbl Producers

Abstract Background Rapidly introducing appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients hospitalized with pneumonia (PHP), and therapy is determined mostly by understanding causative pathogens. Ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ-AVI) was recently approved and ceftolozane–tazobactam (C-T) is in late-stage clinical development for treating nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated. Methods Bacterial isolates were consecutively collected from PHP (1/patient) in 67 US medical centers in 2018 and the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were tested by reference broth microdilution methods for susceptibility (S) to CAZ-AVI, C-T, and many comparators at a central laboratory. Results The most common organisms isolated from PHP were S. aureus (27.0%), P. aeruginosa (PSA) (24.6%), K. pneumoniae (KPN; 7.6%), E. coli (6.8%), S. marcescens (5.4%), and S. maltophilia (XM; 4.5%). Colistin (99.7%S), CAZ-AVI (95.7%S), and C-T (94.9%S) were the most active compounds against PSA; CAZ-AVI (99.9%S), amikacin (AMK; 98.8%S), and meropenem (MEM; 97.6%S) were the most active compounds against Enterobacterales (ENT). CAZ-AVI and C-T retained activity against PSA isolates non-S (NS) to piperacillin–tazobactam (PIP-TAZ), MEM, and cefepime (FEP), whereas PSA isolates NS to PIP-TAZ, MEM, or FEP exhibited low S rates to PIP-TAZ (≤ 39.2%), MEM (≤ 37.8%), and FEP (≤ 38.0%; Table). CAZ-AVI and tigecycline were the only compounds with good activity against carbapenem-resistant ENT (CRE), both with 96.6%S. Among ENT, the most common ESBL and carbapenemase were CTX-M-15 (73%) and KPC-2/3 (76%), respectively. CAZ-AVI was active against all ESBL producers (100.0%S), whereas the S rate to C-T was 82.4%. The most active compounds against multidrug-resistant (MDR) ENT were CAZ-AVI (98.9%S), AMK (91.5%S), and MEM (80.8%S). XM and A. baumannii exhibited low S rates to most antimicrobials tested. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 70% of PHP, and PSA and ENT represented >80% of these organisms. CAZ-AVI and C-T showed similar coverage (%S) against PSA (95.7–94.9%S). In contrast, C-T was less active than CAZ-AVI against ENT in general and exhibited limited activity against ENT-resistant subsets. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Multidrug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Various Clinical Specimens of Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v4i0.21667 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Albert Ghimire ◽

Bipesh Acharya ◽

Reshma Tuladhar

Keyword(s):

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Esbl Producers

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess multidrug resistance and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production in Gram negative bacterial pathogens.Methods: The study included clinical specimens sent for routine culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. A total of 469 different clinical specimens were processed according to the standard methodology. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological procedures and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Production of ESBL was determined by combined disk method.Results: Of the total sample processed, 80 (17.0%) Gram negative bacteria were isolated and 82.5% of them were multidrug resistant (MDR). From the total MDR isolates, 47% were ESBL positive. The higher rate of growth among Intensive Care Units (ICUs) patients was found statistically significant. Higher prevalence of MDR isolates was observed in blood and pus specimens. The majority of the ESBL producers were Escherichia coli (38.7%). Higher rate of ESBL producers was detected from blood (55.6%). Polymyxin B, imipenem and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics against Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa whereas imipenem, amikacin, meropenem were the most effective antibiotics against Enterobacteriaceae.Conclusion: Higher prevalence of ESBL producing MDR Gram negative pathogens in hospitalized patients indicates these bacteria are important health care associated pathogens and requires proper infection control measures that check the transfer of MDR and β-lactamase producing bacterial pathogens among the hospitalized patients.

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Bacterial Pattern of Community acquired Urinary Tract Infections: A Challenge for Antimicrobial Resistance

10.51429/ejmm30320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 153-162

Author(s):

Nader A. Nemr ◽

Rania M. Kishk ◽

Mohammed Abdou ◽

Hassnaa Nassar ◽

Noha M Abu bakr Elsaid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common bacterial infections seen in health care. To our knowledge, there is no available antimicrobial resistance surveillance system for monitoring of community-acquired UTIs (CA- UTIs) in our country. Objectives: we aimed to discuss the bacterial pattern and resistance profile of CA-UTIs in Ismailia, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 patients suffering from symptoms of acute UTIs. Urine specimens were collected by clean-catch mid-stream method, examined microscopically and inoculated immediately on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plates. Colony counting, isolation and identification of the urinary pathogens were performed by the conventional biochemical tests according to the isolated organism. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Interpretation was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: out of 400 specimens, 136 of them revealed no bacterial growth or insignificant bacteriuria. Most of participants with UTI were females (81.8%) (p=0.008) and 54.5% of them were married (P=0.1). Gram negative bacteria were more common than Gram positive representing 66 % and 34% respectively. E. coli was the most common isolated organism (39%) followed by S. aureus (32%), K. Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas (10.5% for each), Proteus (6%) and Enterococci (2%). E. coli isolates showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Most of our patients were diabetics (64.8%) (p=0.004). The mean ± SD of HbA1c was 6.4±2.0 with 4 to 12.6 range, S.E was 0.1 and 95% C.I was 6.2- 6.7. The highest mean ± SD of HbA1c was in S. aureus infections. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were most common than Gram positive with predominance of E. coli with significant relation to the presence of diabetes.

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Pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacilli in surgical site infections in in-patients and out-patients at an apex trauma Center: 2013–2016

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_80_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (04) ◽

pp. 432-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nidhi Bhardwaj ◽

Surbhi Khurana ◽

Minu Kumari ◽

Rajesh Malhotra ◽

Purva Mathur

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem worldwide especially among the surgical site infections (SSIs). SSI is becoming more serious due to hospital-acquired infections/nosocomial infections, which further leads to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns among Gram-negative bacteria in SSI in in- and out-patients the present study was designed. METHODOLOGY: During the 4 years (January 2013–December 2016), the antimicrobial resistant pattern was studied in the admitted patients and in the patients who were followed up to the outpatients department (OPD) after discharge. Antimicrobial resistance pattern testing was done by the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and by E-test for ten antibiotics according to The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for Gram-negative bacilli. RESULTS: A total of 2,447 strains were isolated from the studied population on over the period of 4 years. Of 2447, 1996 (81%) were isolated from patients who had SSI during the hospital stay, and 451 (18%) were from patients who attended the OPD after discharge. In the outpatients, who followed up in the OPD for the SSI, Escherichia coli (148), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (93), whereas in the patients who develop SSI during their hospital stay, Acinetobacter baumannii (622), E. coli (424), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (315) were found to be common. A very high resistance pattern was observed in both the studied groups; however, a higher resistance pattern was seen in in-patients as compared to outpatients. CONCLUSION: In our study, we have reported resistance pattern in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the patients who were came for the follow as well as in the inpatients. For the outpatients, it can be concluded that it could be a community-acquired infection which is also an alarming condition for our society.

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Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Bacterial Isolates from Pus Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v4i0.21678 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Upendra Pandeya ◽

Mithileshwor Raut ◽

Saru Bhattarai ◽

Padam Raj Bhatt ◽

Puspa Raj Dahal

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

E Coli ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Effective Drugs

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to isolate and identify the bacterial agent and to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates to different antibiotics.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from February to October 2015 in microbiology laboratory of All Nepal Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal. The clinical specimens were processed for isolation and identification of bacteria following standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates were determined according to CLSI guidelines (CLSI 2014)Results: A total of 271 clinical specimens were processed where 164 (60.5%) showed growth positivity. A total 164 bacterial isolates were detected among which 84 (51.22%) were Gram positive 80 (48.78%) were Gram negative bacteria. Thirteen different species of bacteria were isolated. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 53 (32.30%) followed by E. coli 34 (20.80%), (CoNS) 15 (9.10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 15 (9.10%), Enterococcus fecalis 12(7.30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 (6.10%), Acinetobacter spp. 7 (4.30%) Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella oxytoca were less common. S. aureus was most susceptible to Amikacin. Vancomycin was the most effective drugs for Enterococcus fecalis. Among Gram negative bacteria E. coli was found most sensitive to Polymyxin B (100%) and Imipenem (76.5%) where Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to, Amikacin, Imipenem (80%). Polymyxin B was the most effective drugs for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acinetobacter spp. was found highly resistant to different antibiotics.Conclusion: Antibiotic susceptibility evaluation showed Aminoglycosides, Phenicols Polymyxin, and Imipenem was the most effective drugs overall.

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Frequency of ESBL in Surgical Site Infection at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research ◽

10.3329/jcamr.v1i2.20514 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 25-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Saiful Islam ◽

M Abdullah Yusuf ◽

M Badrul Islam ◽

Waseka Akhter Jahan

Keyword(s):

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Site Infection ◽

Klebsiella Species ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Pseudomonas Species ◽

Esbl Producers

Background: Infection caused by ESBL in the surgical site infection is very alarming. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the status of ESBL bacteria isolated from surgical site infection with their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January, 2005 to December, 2005 for a period of one (1) year. All the patients presented with surgical site infections at any age with both sexes were included a study population. Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria was done by using disc diffusion method and was confirmed by E- test ESBL method. Sensitivity pattern of ESBL producers were observed against quinolone and fluoroquinolones. ESBLs are the enzymes capable of hydrolyzing all penicillin, monobactam and cephalosporins except cephamycin, but inactive against imipenem.Result: A total number of 92 surgical wound samples were collected of which 68(73.9%) samples were culture positive. Interestingly, most of the E. coli was ESBL positive (55.0%). Klebsiella species was 33.1% ESBL positive. ESBL positivity of Proteus and Pseudomonas species were low (11.1%). Among the isolated Pseudomonas species, 1(6.67%) of the 15 strains isolated from wound swab was ESBL producers. ESBL positivity was significantly found in surgically wound samples (p=0.0001). Among the ESBL producers, all the E. coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species and Pseudomonas species were resistant to amoxicillin, cephradine, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. All the Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenam. Conclusion: A considerable numbers of ESBL producing bacteria were detected from surgical wound.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i2.20514 Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research Vol.1(2) 2014: 25-29

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Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from clinical isolates in Uganda

10.21203/rs.2.19141/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Katongole ◽

Fatuma Nalubega ◽

Najjuka Christine Florence ◽

Benon Asiimwe ◽

Irene Andia

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Introduction: Uropathogenic E. coli is the leading cause of Urinary tract infections (UTIs), contributing to 80-90% of all community-acquired and 30-50% of all hospital-acquired UTIs. Biofilm forming Uropathogenic E. coli are associated with persistent and chronic inflammation leading to complicated and or recurrent UTIs. Biofilms provide an environment for poor antibiotic penetration and horizontal transfer of virulence genes which favors the development of Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Understanding biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance determinants of Uropathogenic E. coli strains will provide insight into the development of treatment options for biofilm-associated UTIs. The aim of this study was to determine the biofilm forming capability, presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Uropathogenic E. coli isolates in Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried in the Clinical Microbiology and Molecular biology laboratories at the Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences. We randomly selected 200 Uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolates among the stored isolates collected between January 2018 and December 2018 that had significant bacteriuria (>105 CFU). All isolates were subjected to biofilm detection using the Congo Red Agar method and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby disk diffusion method. The isolates were later subjected PCR for the detection of Urovirulence genes namely; Pap, Fim, Sfa, Afa, Hly and Cnf, using commercially designed primers.Results: In this study, 62.5% (125/200) were positive biofilm formers and 78% (156/200) of these were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The isolates were most resistant to Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and Amoxicillin (93%) followed by gentamycin (87%) and the least was imipenem (0.5%). Fim was the most prevalent Urovirulence gene (53.5%) followed by Pap (21%), Sfa (13%), Afa (8%), Cnf (5.5%) and Hyl (0%).Conclusions: We demonstrate a high prevalence of biofilm-forming Uropathogenic E. coli strains that are highly associated with the MDR phenotype. We recommend routine surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation to understand the antibiotics suitable in the management of biofilm-associated UTIs.

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Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from clinical isolates in Uganda

10.21203/rs.2.19141/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Katongole ◽

Fatuma Nalubega ◽

Najjuka Christine Florence ◽

Benon Asiimwe ◽

Irene Andia

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Introduction: Uropathogenic E. coli is the leading cause of Urinary tract infections (UTIs), contributing to 80-90% of all community-acquired and 30-50% of all hospital-acquired UTIs. Biofilm forming Uropathogenic E. coli are associated with persistent and chronic inflammation leading to complicated and or recurrent UTIs. Biofilms provide an environment for poor antibiotic penetration and horizontal transfer of virulence genes which favors the development of Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Understanding biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance determinants of Uropathogenic E. coli strains will provide insight into the development of treatment options for biofilm-associated UTIs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of biofilm formation among Uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolates, their relationship with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and Urovirulence genes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried in the Clinical Microbiology and Molecular biology laboratories at the Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences. We randomly selected 200 Uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolates among the stored isolates collected between January 2018 and December 2018 that had significant bacteriuria (>105 CFU). All isolates were subjected to biofilm detection using the Congo Red Agar method and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby disk diffusion method. The isolates were later subjected PCR for the detection of Urovirulence genes namely; Pap, Fim, Sfa, Afa, Hly and Cnf, using commercially designed primers.Results: In this study, 62.5% (125/200) were positive biofilm formers and 78% (156/200) of these were multi-drug resistant(MDR). The isolates were most resistant to Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and Amoxicillin (93%) followed by gentamycin (87%) and the least was imipenem (0.5%). Fim was the most prevalent Urovirulence gene (53.5%) followed by Pap (21%), Sfa (13%), Afa (8%), Cnf (5.5%) and Hyl (0%).Conclusions: We demonstrate a high prevalence of biofilm-forming Uropathogenic E. coli strains that are highly associated with the MDR phenotype. We recommend routine surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation to understand the antibiotics suitable in the management of biofilm-associated UTIs.

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Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Gram Negative Bacilli Recovered from Cattle Feces In Benin City, Nigeria

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb9210005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 177-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helen Oroboghae OGEFERE ◽

Salome O. AGBE ◽

Ephraim Ehidiamen IBADIN

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Benin City ◽

Cattle Feces ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among Gram negative bacteria isolated from cattle feces in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 250 Gram negative bacteria isolates were recovered from cattle feces and were processed microbiologically using standard techniques. Emergent colonies were identified and antibacterial susceptibility tests were determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. All bacterial isolates were screened for the presence of ESBL using the double-disc synergy method. A total of 37 (14.8%) isolates were positive for ESBL, with 33 (13.2%) indicated by ceftazidime, while only 4 (1.6%) were indicated by both ceftazidime and cefotaxime (P < 0.0001). Of the Gram negative bacterial isolates recovered, Salmonella species was the most prevalent ESBL-producer with 55.0% prevalence (P = 0.0092), while no isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced ESBL. ESBL-positive isolates showed poor susceptibility to the tested antibacterial agents in comparison with non-ESBL-producers and imipenem was the most active antibiotic. The prevalence of ESBL among Gram negative bacilli recovered from cattle feces was 14.8%. The study advises prudent use of antibiotics in the treatment of cattle and harps on improved hygiene in managing cattle, as they are potential reservoirs of ESBL-producing organisms.

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