Notes on the mineral deposits of the Teign valley, Devon

1945 ◽  
Vol 27 (189) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
J. V. Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Granite Massif ◽  
Eastern Flank ◽  
The North ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
East West

Research into the history of the old mines suggests that two mineralized fissuring systems intersect in central Devon, often carrying commercial ore-bodies. The older of these is the east-west system usually carrying copper, iron, or tin, which has been extensively worked in west Devon, but is less developed on the eastern flank of the Dartmoor granite massif.The younger north-south series, characterized by its lead and silver ores and baryte is particularly well developed in the Teign valley. This band of mineralization can be traced from the north of Scotland through Brittany and Spain to Algeria. In Devon it appears to be divided into three main fissure bands:1.Combe Martin to Plymouth.2.North Molton to Spreyton, with a possible extension south of the Dartmoor granite.3.Molland to Newton St. Cyres and the Teign valley.

scholarly journals New Evo-SETI results about civilizations and molecular clock

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maccone
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life On Earth

AbstractIn two recent papers (Maccone 2013, 2014) as well as in the book (Maccone 2012), this author described the Evolution of life on Earth over the last 3.5 billion years as a lognormal stochastic process in the increasing number of living Species. In (Maccone 2012, 2013), the process used was ‘Geometric Brownian Motion’ (GBM), largely used in Financial Mathematics (Black-Sholes models). The GBM mean value, also called ‘the trend’, always is an exponential in time and this fact corresponds to the so-called ‘Malthusian growth’ typical of population genetics. In (Maccone 2014), the author made an important generalization of his theory by extending it to lognormal stochastic processes having an arbitrary trend mL(t), rather than just a simple exponential trend as the GBM have.The author named ‘Evo-SETI’ (Evolution and SETI) his theory inasmuch as it may be used not only to describe the full evolution of life on Earth from RNA to modern human societies, but also the possible evolution of life on exoplanets, thus leading to SETI, the current Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence. In the Evo-SETI Theory, the life of a living being (let it be a cell or an animal or a human or a Civilization of humans or even an ET Civilization) is represented by a b-lognormal, i.e. a lognormal probability density function starting at a precise instant b (‘birth’) then increasing up to a peak-time p, then decreasing to a senility-time s (the descending inflexion point) and then continuing as a straight line down to the death-time d (‘finite b-lognormal’).(1)Having so said, the present paper describes the further mathematical advances made by this author in 2014–2015, and is divided in two halves: Part One, devoted to new mathematical results about the History of Civilizations as b-lognormals, and(2)Part Two, about the applications of the Evo-SETI Theory to the Molecular Clock, well known to evolutionary geneticists since 50 years: the idea is that our EvoEntropy grows linearly in time just as the molecular clock. (a)Summarizing the new results contained in this paper: In Part One, we start from the History Formulae already given in (Maccone 2012, 2013) and improve them by showing that it is possible to determine the b-lognormal not only by assigning its birth, senility and death, but rather by assigning birth, peak and death (BPD Theorem: no assigned senility). This is precisely what usually happens in History, when the life of a VIP is summarized by giving birth time, death time, and the date of the peak of activity in between them, from which the senility may then be calculated (approximately only, not exactly). One might even conceive a b-scalene (triangle) probability density just centred on these three points (b, p, d) and we derive the relevant equations. As for the uniform distribution between birth and death only, that is clearly the minimal description of someone's life, we compare it with both the b-lognormal and the b-scalene by comparing the Shannon Entropy of each, which is the measure of how much information each of them conveys. Finally we prove that the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) of Statistics becomes a new ‘E-Pluribus-Unum’ Theorem of the Evo-SETI Theory, giving formulae by which it is possible to find the b-lognormal of the History of a Civilization C if the lives of its Citizens Ci are known, even if only in the form of birth and death for the vast majority of the Citizens.(b)In Part Two, we firstly prove the crucial Peak-Locus Theorem for any given trend mL(t) and not just for the GBM exponential. Then we show that the resulting Evo-Entropy grows exactly linearly in time if the trend is the exponential GMB trend.(c)In addition, three Appendixes (online) with all the relevant mathematical proofs are attached to this paper. They are written in the Maxima language, and Maxima is a symbolic manipulator that may be downloaded for free from the web.In conclusion, this paper further increases the huge mathematical spectrum of applications of the Evo-SETI Theory to prepare Humans for the first Contact with an Extra-Terrestrial Civilization.

A ‘Lengthy Digression’: Why Mining Lagged Elsewhere

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-206
Author(s):  
Jeannette Graulau
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
The World ◽  
Mining History ◽  
Silver Mining ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mountain Development ◽  
Mining Regions

This chapter provides the mining history of the mountains of the rest of the world. It begins with England in which major silver discoveries took place in Bere Ferrers or Bere Ferris, a valley of the Tamar River in North Devon, southwest of Dartmoor, and at Combe Martin in the north after the mid-thirteenth century. However, English mines were challenging as they were physically distant from the central arteries of international trade of continental Europe and the commercial cities with continental catchment areas. This chapter also talks about silver mining that flourished in the Persian Province of Khorasan, the Samanid region of Transoxiana, and the Hindu Kush. These are the lands of the most spectacular mountain heights, where mountains piled up one behind another and mountain development assumes its grandest forms. It ends with mining history in India in which its mining exploits did not compete with the achievements of European mining regions. Mining in Zawar endured technical difficulties. Geologist Bagghi states that miners worked on hard siliceous quarzitic ore bodies, where drilling today calls for the use of tungsten carbide bits.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF KARAKORAM SEQUENCE, HUNZA VALLEY NE PAKISTAN: EVIDENCES FROM FIELD MAPPING AND MICRO-ANALYTICAL WORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
S. S. Baig ◽  
C. Xue ◽  
Masroor Alam ◽  
Naeem Ullah ◽  
M. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Metamorphic Complex ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
The North ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
East West

The Karakoram metamorphic Complex (KMC) in the southern Karakoram block is one of the best examples of Barrovian type metamorphism that comprises numerous exhumed metapelite units where a series of low to high grade (green schist to sillimanite facie) rocks are exposed. This sequence shows a complex polyphase history of metamorphism and deformation which offer deeper understanding of collision orogeny. Karakoram metamorphic Complex contains metapelites, meta-carbonates, meta-igneous and amphibolite layers, cross-cut by granite sheets in the northern part. This complex is bounded to the north by the Hunza plutonic unit which is the central portion of the massive east-west trending Karakoram axial batholith and to the southwest by the Main Karakoram thrust (MKT). In this contribution, we provide detail geological mapping, petrography, geochemistry and micro-analytical work using Electron Prob-micro analysis in the central Hunza Valley.

Early history of the Midcontinent Rift inferred from geochemistry and sedimentology of the Mesoproterozoic Osler Group, northwestern Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Hollings ◽  
Philip Fralick ◽  
Brian Cousens
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Midcontinent Rift ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
South Axis ◽  
Island Basalt ◽  
East West

The Mesoproterozoic 1108–1105 Ma Osler Group, a 3 km thick succession of basaltic flows and sedimentary units on the north shore of Lake Superior, is among the oldest expressions of the Midcontinent Rift. Basal sediments of the Simpson Island Formation (new name) deposited by braided fluvial systems record westward transport of debris eroded from local Archean and Proterozoic rock units. Strata deposited by this fluvial system are intercalated with, and overlain by, ocean-island basalt (OIB)-like basalts, which become increasingly contaminated up section (εNd(1100Ma) = +0.3 to –5.3). The light rare-earth element (LREE) enriched (La/Smn = 1.5–3.9) and heavy REE (HREE) fractionated (Gd/Ybn = 1.5–3.7) subaerial flows are divisible into two units that correlate with other sections of the Osler Group to the east, but simple correlations with more distant sequences are difficult. The volcanic rock dominated portion of the succession is overlain by a thin (25 m thick) conglomerate–sandstone assemblage representing southeast progradation of an alluvial fan in a semi-arid climatic setting. Clast lithologies and geochemistry indicate no extra-rift detritus was delivered from the hinterland of the fan. Various lines of evidence in both volcanic and sedimentary rocks support a scenario where early, pre-1108 Ma, subsidence along a north–south axis from the western arm of the rift to the Nipigon Embayment was replaced by subsidence along the east–west rift axis between 1108 and 1105 Ma.

scholarly journals Structural outline and development

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Claus Andersen ◽  
Jens Christian Olsen ◽  
Olaf Michelsen ◽  
Erik Nygaard
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Broad Complex ◽  
East West ◽  
German Basin

The Central Graben is a broad, complex trough with a long history of differential subsidence. It was probably initiated in the Permian and was controlled by major rifting during the Mesozoic. To the south in the Dutch sector the trough is divided into two parts. From here it passes northwards and divides the southern North Sea Basin into the Anglo-Dutch Basin and the Northwest German Basin. It also separates the Mid North Sea High from the Ringkøbing-Fyn High. These highs form broad, east-west trending, relative stable ridges. The further continuation of the Central Graben is to the northwest, towards the centre of the North Sea, where it passes into the Viking Graben and the Moray Firth Basin at about 58° N. Where the Central Graben divides the two major highs, there is an elongate central narrow horst, the Dogger High, which is the southernmost of a row of mid-Graben highs. Both sides of the Graben are clearly defined by normal rotational faults that were intermittently active from Triassic to Early Cretaceous times.

Some Familial and Social Factors in Depressive Illness

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (486) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Munro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Family History ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This article presents the results of a study in which a number of social, familial and demographic aspects of primary depressive illness were examined under carefully-controlled conditions. The following factors are particularly considered: 1.The size of the sibship in the depressive's family of upbringing;2.the ordinal position of the depressive in that sibship;3.the depressive's position in the sibship relative to the other sibs;4.the age of the parents at the time of the depressive individual's birth;5.the presence of a family history of severe mental illness;6.celibacy and marriage in depressive individuals;7.the fertility of depressives;8.the social class distribution of depressive illness.

scholarly journals Urban network in Poland during last millennium

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Iwona Jażdżewska
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
East West

The article attempts to find in the history of Poland facts and processes that influenced the contemporary shape of the Polish urban network. In comparison with other parts of Europe, the process of urbanisation in Central and Eastern Europe was significantly delayed. During the last millennium, the Polish state changed its borders many times, mainly in the east-west direction, because the Baltic Sea from the north and the Sudeten and Carpathian ranges from the south effectively inhibited territorial changes in the north-south direction. The process of shaping and strengthening the urban settlement network in Poland to the present day has been divided into five periods. The first, lasting from the 8th century until the union of Kreva in 1385, encompasses the beginnings of the establishment and spreading of urban settlement network; the second – the merger of the urban network with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its strengthening in the joint state; the third – the disappearance of Poland from the map of Europe and the breakup of the settlement network into three parts: tsarist Russia, the Habsburg monarchy, Prussia, and the start of industrialisation of the partitioned land; the fourth refers to the period when Poland, after 123 years, reappeared on the administrative map of Europe (1918-1939); and the fifth one covers the period from 1945 to the present day. When undertaking scientific research on the contemporary urban network of Poland, many political, social and economic factors should be taken into account. These should be taken into account when making hypotheses, drawing conclusions and developing economic and geographical theories.

scholarly journals Which comes first in the double object construction?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
NURIA YÁÑEZ-BOUZA ◽  
DAVID DENISON
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Dialectal Variation ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Late Modern

Competition between two methods of marking recipient/beneficiary and theme has figured in much recent research:(1)Jim gave the driver £5.   (indirect object before direct object)(2)Jim gave £5 to the driver.   (direct object before prepositional phrase)A reverse double object variant is often ignored or treated as a minor and highly restricted variant:(3)(a)?Jim gave £5 the driver.   (direct object before indirect object)(b)Jim gave it him.However, pattern (3) was much more widespread even in late Modern English, while there is clear dialectal variation within present-day British English.In this article we investigate the pronominal pattern (3b), mainly in relation to pattern (1), tracking its progressive restriction in distribution. We mine three of the Penn parsed corpora for the general history in English of double object patterns with two pronoun objects. We then add a further nine dialect and/or historical English corpora selected for coverage and representativeness. A usage database of examples in these corpora allows more detailed description than has been possible hitherto. The analysis focuses on verb lemmas, objects and dialect variation and offers an important corrective to the bulk of research on the so-called Dative Alternation between patterns (1) and (2). We also examine works in the normative grammatical tradition, producing a precept database that reveals the changing status of variants as dialectal or preferred. In our conclusion we show the importance of prefabricated expressions (prefabs) in the later history of (3), sketching an analysis in Construction Grammar terms.

How to Work with Complex Families in Regional Tasmania: Putting Theory into Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Priscilla E. Best ◽  
Ebony J. Lambie
Keyword(s):  
Working Relationships ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Chaotic State ◽  
Polyvagal Theory ◽  
North West ◽  
Good Working ◽  
The North ◽  
Support Programme

This paper explores the complexities of how to get our families who are often in a chaotic state of surviving (emotionally, psychologically, and physiologically) to the point where they can process psychoeducation, develop parenting skills, and implement strategies to care for children in enduring ways and to feel successful in their everyday lives. This exploration led us to ponder two questions: 1.What are “good” working relationships?2.How do these relationships benefit the families we work with? To explore these questions further, we turn to a fuller body of research on Attachment Theory and Polyvagal Theory that gives a better understanding and comprehension of incorporating these theories into practice. This paper attempts to illustrate how the workers in the North-West Early Start Therapeutic Support programme delivered by Anglicare Tasmania develop good working relationships with families and how this translates to providing enduring care for their children.

scholarly journals A comparison of DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Research Classification

SummaryMost disorders in medicine are classified using the ICD (initiated in Paris in 1900). Mental and behavioural disorders are classified using the DSM (DSM-I was published in the USA in 1952), but it was not until DSM-III in 1980 that it became a major player. Its success was largely influenced by Robert Spitzer, who welded its disparate elements, and Melvyn Shabsin, who facilitated its acceptance. Spitzer pointed out that most diagnostic conditions in psychiatry were poorly defined, showed poor reliability in test-retest situations, and were temporally unstable. The consequence was that the beliefs of the psychiatrist seemed to matter much more than the characteristics of the patient when it came to classification. Since DSM-III there has been a split between those who adhere to DSM because it is a better research classification and those who adhere to ICD because it allows more clinical discretion in making diagnoses. This article discusses the pros and cons of both systems, and the major criticisms that have been levelled against them.LEARNING OBJECTIVESUnderstand the principles and reasoning behind classification in medicine and psychiatry.Be able to describe the recent history of psychiatric classification.Be able to compare DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder.

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