scholarly journals Interfacial reactivity of radionuclides: emerging paradigms from molecular-level observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 2379-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Felmy ◽  
E. S. Ilton ◽  
K. M. Rosso ◽  
J. M. Zachara
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Contaminant Migration ◽  
Electron Conduction ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Interfacial Reactivity ◽  
The Way

AbstractOver the past few decades an increasing array of molecular-level analytical probes has provided new detailed insight into mineral and radionuclide interfacial reactivity in subsurface environments. This capability has not only helped change the way mineral surface reactivity is studied but also how field-scale contaminant migration problems are addressed and ultimately resolved. Here we review relatively new interfacial reactivity paradigms and assess their implications for future research directions. Specific examples include understanding the following: the role of site-to-site electron conduction at mineral surfaces and through bulk mineral phases and the effects of local chemical environment on the stability of intermediate species in oxidation-reduction reactions and the importance of mechanistic reaction pathways for defining possible reaction products and thermodynamic driving force. The discussion also includes examples of how detailed molecular/microscopic characterization of field samples has changed the way complex contaminant migration problems are conceptualized and modelled.

Cut Flowers Being Sold as Impulse Items: A Look at Factors Affecting Impulse Product Merchandising

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 558c-558
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Neujahr ◽  
Karen L.B. Gast
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Type ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Way

Consumer behavior research seems to play an big role in determining the wants and needs of an industry. This research helps to shape the way we market to the consumers and helps make marketing strategies more effective. In the 1950s grocery stores began to sell horticulture products in order to alleviate the growers' surplus. Supermarkets now have seem to found their niche in this market due to the fact that they can influence their consumers to buy their flowers right along with their bread, and get all of their shopping done at once. This new type of sale, commonly referred to as the impulse sale, can relate directly to how well the store is merchandised and maintained. A study was conducted at a local supermarket, to determine the following: good locations for impulse sales items, special conditions affecting impulse sales items, and what types of things could affect demand for impulse items. It was discovered that certain locations make better sales than other locations. Locations that were front and center and allowed easy access to seeing the mixed flower bouquet without having to touch it yielded the best results. The variables used to show a change in demand showed little to some variability and has raised some questions which may be used to conduct future research.

Supplier Development at LG Electronics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
Daesik Hur ◽  
Tobias Schoenherr
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supplier Development ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Competitive Capabilities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Buyer Firm

Supplier development has been a critical supply management practice since the 1990s. In many instances, it has even become imperative for buyer firms to support and prepare their supply bases for uncertain economic and market environments, socially and environmentally conscious customers, advances in digital technologies, and increasing competition. Yet, research that approaches supplier development with the objective to advance all these dimensions in an integrated fashion is scarce. This study fills this void by exploring how a buyer firm may address these emerging challenges in its supply base. Specifically, an in-depth case study of LG Electronics explores how the firm designs and operates multidimensional supplier development activities to foster the stability and sustainability of its supply base while enhancing its core suppliers’ competitive capabilities. This chapter illustrates how supplier development can be taken to the next level, presents implications for managerial practice, and outlines promising future research avenues.

Internal marketing of attitudes in Caribbean tourism

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne P. Crick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The People ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Tourism ◽  
The Way

Tourism is the mainstay of the Caribbean and the attitude of the people in the region may have a significant impact on the success of the industry. This paper analyzes the way in which tourism authorities of three Caribbean destinations have internally marketed tourism to their host populations in order to encourage the desired attitudinal expressions. A matrix of five possible responses to tourism was developed and each of the three countries was found to occupy different positions in the matrix. An analysis of the internal marketing strategies determined that the countries adopted different approaches based on their particular challenges but none of the approaches had achieved lasting success. The study concludes with recommendations for future research.

The ageing process

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avan Aihie Sayer ◽  
Cyrus Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diet Restriction ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Ageing Populations

Ageing may be simply defined but is yet to be well understood. Research in this area is considered a priority, with the population growing older and increasing disability, morbidity and mortality predicted. There are many theories and ageing has been described from changes at the molecular level to characteristics of ageing populations. However, distinguishing cause from effect has proved problematic largely because the underlying reasons for ageing have not been understood. Progress has now been made and the central role for repair processes is increasingly accepted. A number of approaches to modifying ageing have been explored but the only reliable method to alter the rate remains diet restriction. Instituted after weaning, diet restriction slows ageing in a number of species and has an opposite effect when started in earlier life. There is now preliminary evidence that poor early growth is associated with increased human ageing and this is an important area for future research.

scholarly journals On the Stability of Social Preferences in Inter-Group Conflict: A Lab-in-the-Field Panel Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272199408
Author(s):  
Robert Böhm ◽  
Jürgen Fleiß ◽  
Robert Rybnicek
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Conflict ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Specific Preference ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Stability

Despite the omnipresence of inter-group conflicts, little is known about the heterogeneity and stability of individuals’ social preferences toward in-group and out-group members. To identify the prevalence and stability of social preferences in inter-group conflict, we gather quota-representative, incentivized data from a lab-in-the-field study during the heated 2016 Austrian presidential election. We assess social preferences toward in-group and out-group members one week before, one week after, and three months after the election. We find considerable heterogeneity in individuals’ group-(in)dependent social preferences. Utilizing various econometric strategies, we find largely stable social preferences over the course of conflict. Yet, there is some indication of variation, particularly when the conflict becomes less salient. Variation is larger in social preferences toward in-group members and among specific preference types. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings and outline potential avenues for future research.

Blockchain as supply chain technology: considering transparency and security

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Xu ◽  
Joonghee Lee ◽  
James R. Barth ◽  
Robert Glenn Richey
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
The Way

PurposeThis paper discusses how the features of blockchain technology impact supply chain transparency through the lens of the information security triad (confidentiality, integrity and availability). Ultimately, propositions are developed to encourage future research in supply chain applications of blockchain technology.Design/methodology/approachPropositions are developed based on a synthesis of the information security and supply chain transparency literature. Findings from text mining of Twitter data and a discussion of three major blockchain use cases support the development of the propositions.FindingsThe authors note that confidentiality limits supply chain transparency, which causes tension between transparency and security. Integrity and availability promote supply chain transparency. Blockchain features can preserve security and increase transparency at the same time, despite the tension between confidentiality and transparency.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was conducted at a time when most blockchain applications were still in pilot stages. The propositions developed should therefore be revisited as blockchain applications become more widely adopted and mature.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to examine the way blockchain technology eases the tension between supply chain transparency and security. Unlike other studies that have suggested only positive impacts of blockchain technology on transparency, this study demonstrates that blockchain features can influence transparency both positively and negatively.

Papacy, Crusade, and Christian-Muslim Relations

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Peace Movements ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

This book examines the role of the papacy and the crusade in the religious life of the late twelfth through late thirteenth centuries and beyond. Throughout the book, the contributors ask several important questions. Was Innocent III more theologian than lawyer-pope and how did his personal experience of earlier crusade campaigns inform his own vigorous promotion of the crusades? How did the outlook and policy of Honorius III differ from that of Innocent III in crucial areas including the promotion of multiple crusades (including the Fifth Crusade and the crusade of William of Montferrat) and how were both pope’s mindsets manifested in writings associated with them? What kind of men did Honorius III and Innocent III select to promote their plans for reform and crusade? How did the laity make their own mark on the crusade through participation in the peace movements which were so crucial to the stability in Europe essential for enabling crusaders to fulfill their vows abroad and through joining in the liturgical processions and prayers deemed essential for divine favor at home and abroad? Further essays explore the commemoration of crusade campaigns through the deliberate construction of physical and literary paths of remembrance. Yet while the enemy was often constructed in a deliberately polarizing fashion, did confessional differences really determine the way in which Latin crusaders and their descendants interacted with the Muslim world or did a more pragmatic position of ‘rough tolerance’ shape mundane activities including trade agreements and treaties?

On the causes of electoral volatility in Asia since 1948

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882110468
Author(s):  
Don S Lee ◽  
Fernando Casal Bertoa
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Electoral Volatility ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Additional Finding ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Historical Legacies ◽  
The Way

Electoral stability has been viewed as an essential condition for the healthy functioning of representative democracy. However, there is little agreement in the literature about what shapes the stability of the electorate in general nor much attention paid to that of the Asian electorates in particular. We propose historical legacies, uniquely testable in Asia, as central determinants, but also test for conventional factors examined in other regions. By analyzing more than 150 elections in 19 post-WWII Asian democracies, we find that certain types of authoritarian (military or personalist) and colonial (non-British) legacies have a detrimental impact on the stabilization of the electorate, while some of the findings from other regions apply also to Asia. Our additional finding that such effects of historical legacies, particularly authoritarian interludes, are attenuated and cease to be significant with sufficient maturation of democracy, has important implications for the way party systems develop and democracies consolidate.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Architecture Theory and Practices Research: Design Practices Evaluation Studio

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Fathi Bashier
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Architecture Theory ◽  
The Way

This article presents the initial findings of the design research carried out during the last semester by the master of architecture students at Wollega University, Ethiopia. The research goal is the creation of new knowledge to improve the design process. The dissatisfaction with the outcomes of the conventional design approach has led to rising concern and growing awareness of the need to evaluate design outcomes and to learn from the failure. That inadequate understanding of design problems leads frequently to design failure suggests that the evaluation of design outcomes can be made by assessing the way architects develop understanding of design problems, and how they use that understanding for developing knowledge base of the design process. The assumption is that architects’ understanding of design problems can be assessed by examining the way data is used for developing the knowledge base of the design process. The students surveyed the architects’ views in order to produce knowledge, which can be used to develop methods for discovering how inadequate data contributes to miss-informed design decisions; and methods for assessing the architects’ understanding of design problems. In this article the survey findings are analyzed and documented; and, the way the insight drawn from the inquiry can be used in future research for developing design theory, is discussed.Keywords: design outcomes, failure, evaluation, questionnaire, analyze

scholarly journals Software Testing: Issues and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Kishore Sugali ◽  
Chris Sprunger ◽  
Venkata N Inukollu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Software Testing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

The history of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning dates back to 1950’s. In recent years, there has been an increase in popularity for applications that implement AI and ML technology. As with traditional development, software testing is a critical component of an efficient AI/ML application. However, the approach to development methodology used in AI/ML varies significantly from traditional development. Owing to these variations, numerous software testing challenges occur. This paper aims to recognize and to explain some of the biggest challenges that software testers face in dealing with AI/ML applications. For future research, this study has key implications. Each of the challenges outlined in this paper is ideal for further investigation and has great potential to shed light on the way to more productive software testing strategies and methodologies that can be applied to AI/ML applications.

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