scholarly journals Genetic variation in the folate metabolic pathway and risk of childhood leukemia

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (19) ◽  
pp. 3923-3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy J. Lightfoot ◽  
W. Thomas Johnston ◽  
Dan Painter ◽  
Jill Simpson ◽  
Eve Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Etiologic Role ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes

Abstract Studies of childhood leukemia and the potential etiologic role of genetic variation in folate metabolism have produced conflicting findings and have often been based on small numbers. We investigated the association between polymorphisms in key folate metabolism enzymes (MTHFR 677 C>T, MTHFR 1298 A>C, SHMT1 1420 C>T, MTR 2756 A>G, TS 1494del6, and TS 28bp repeat) in 939 cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 89 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) recruited into the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study. We also examined the maternal genotypes of 752 of these cases. Data from 824 noncancer controls recruited were used for comparison. No evidence of an association with MTHFR 677 was observed for ALL or AML, either in children or their mothers. However, in children an increased risk of ALL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-3.07; P = .010) and AML (OR = 2.74; 95% CI, 1.07-7.01; P = .036) was observed with the MTR 2756 GG genotype; the association was most pronounced for cases with the MLL translocation (OR = 4.90; 95% CI, 1.30-18.45; P = .019). These data suggest that genetic variation in methionine synthase could mediate risk of childhood leukemia, either via effects on DNA methylation or via effects on fetal growth and development.

Role of Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase and Folylpolyglutamate Hydrolase in Methotrexate Accumulation and Polyglutamylation in Childhood Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1677-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne G. Rots ◽  
Rob Pieters ◽  
Godefridus J. Peters ◽  
Paul Noordhuis ◽  
Christina H. van Zantwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase ◽  
Additional Role ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Inefficient polyglutamylation is a mechanism of resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in comparison with childhood c/preB-ALL. We analyzed the profile of MTX polyglutamylation in childhood c/preB-ALL, T-ALL, and AML (n = 45, 15, and 14, respectively), the activity of the MTX-polyglutamate synthesizing enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) (n = 39, 11, and 19, respectively) and of the MTX-polyglutamate breakdown enzyme folylpolyglutamate hydrolase (FPGH) (n = 98, 25, and 34, respectively). MTX-Glu4-6 accumulation after 24 hours exposure to 1 μmol/L [3H]-MTX in vitro was lower in T-ALL (threefold) and AML (fourfold) compared with c/preB-ALL (P ≤ .001). The FPGS activity was twofold lower in T-ALL and AML than in c/preB-ALL samples (P < .01). FPGH activity was not different between c/preB-ALL and T-ALL, but threefold higher in AML (P < .001). FPGS, FPGH, and the ratio FPGS/FPGH were correlated with MTX-Glu4-6 accumulation (r = .49, r = −.34 and r = .61, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that FPGS, but not FPGH, was an independent contributor for MTX-Glu1-6 accumulation, but not for MTX-Glu4-6 accumulation. In conclusion, low FPGS activity is associated with low accumulation of MTX-Glu4-6 in T-ALL and AML. For the group of AML as compared with the group of ALL, a high FPGH activity can play an additional role.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identify Variants in IRF4 Associated With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junke Wang ◽  
Alyssa I. Clay-Gilmour ◽  
Ezgi Karaesmen ◽  
Abbas Rizvi ◽  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Myeloid

The role of common genetic variation in susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a group of rare clonal hematologic disorders characterized by dysplastic hematopoiesis and high mortality, remains unclear. We performed AML and MDS genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the DISCOVeRY-BMT cohorts (2,309 cases and 2,814 controls). Association analysis based on subsets (ASSET) was used to conduct a summary statistics SNP-based analysis of MDS and AML subtypes. For each AML and MDS case and control we used PrediXcan to estimate the component of gene expression determined by their genetic profile and correlate this imputed gene expression level with risk of developing disease in a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). ASSET identified an increased risk for de novo AML and MDS (OR = 1.38, 95% CI, 1.26-1.51, Pmeta = 2.8 × 10–12) in patients carrying the T allele at s12203592 in Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4), a transcription factor which regulates myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic differentiation. Our TWAS analyses showed increased IRF4 gene expression is associated with increased risk of de novo AML and MDS (OR = 3.90, 95% CI, 2.36-6.44, Pmeta = 1.0 × 10–7). The identification of IRF4 by both GWAS and TWAS contributes valuable insight on the role of genetic variation in AML and MDS susceptibility.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analyses identify variants in IRF4 associated with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junke Wang ◽  
Alyssa I. Clay-Gilmour ◽  
Ezgi Karaesmen ◽  
Abbas Rizvi ◽  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Myeloid

ABSTRACTThe role of common genetic variation in susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a group of rare clonal hematologic disorders characterized by dysplastic hematopoiesis and high mortality, remains unclear. We performed AML and MDS genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the DISCOVeRY-BMT cohorts (2309 cases and 2814 controls). Association analysis based on subsets (ASSET) was used to conduct a summary statistics SNP-based analysis of MDS and AML subtypes. For each AML and MDS case and control we used PrediXcan to estimate the component of gene expression determined by their genetic profile and correlate this imputed gene expression level with risk of developing disease in a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). ASSET identified an increased risk for de novo AML and MDS (OR=1.38, 95% CI, 1.26-1.51, Pmeta=2.8×10-12) in patients carrying the T allele at rs12203592 in Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4), a transcription factor which regulates myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic differentiation. Our TWAS analyses showed increased IRF4 gene expression is associated with increased risk of de novo AML and MDS (OR=3.90, 95% CI, 2.36-6.44, Pmeta =1.0×10-7). The identification of IRF4 by both GWAS and TWAS contributes valuable insight on the role of genetic variation in AML and MDS susceptibility.

Role of Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase and Folylpolyglutamate Hydrolase in Methotrexate Accumulation and Polyglutamylation in Childhood Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1677-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne G. Rots ◽  
Rob Pieters ◽  
Godefridus J. Peters ◽  
Paul Noordhuis ◽  
Christina H. van Zantwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase ◽  
Additional Role ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Inefficient polyglutamylation is a mechanism of resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in comparison with childhood c/preB-ALL. We analyzed the profile of MTX polyglutamylation in childhood c/preB-ALL, T-ALL, and AML (n = 45, 15, and 14, respectively), the activity of the MTX-polyglutamate synthesizing enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) (n = 39, 11, and 19, respectively) and of the MTX-polyglutamate breakdown enzyme folylpolyglutamate hydrolase (FPGH) (n = 98, 25, and 34, respectively). MTX-Glu4-6 accumulation after 24 hours exposure to 1 μmol/L [3H]-MTX in vitro was lower in T-ALL (threefold) and AML (fourfold) compared with c/preB-ALL (P ≤ .001). The FPGS activity was twofold lower in T-ALL and AML than in c/preB-ALL samples (P < .01). FPGH activity was not different between c/preB-ALL and T-ALL, but threefold higher in AML (P < .001). FPGS, FPGH, and the ratio FPGS/FPGH were correlated with MTX-Glu4-6 accumulation (r = .49, r = −.34 and r = .61, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that FPGS, but not FPGH, was an independent contributor for MTX-Glu1-6 accumulation, but not for MTX-Glu4-6 accumulation. In conclusion, low FPGS activity is associated with low accumulation of MTX-Glu4-6 in T-ALL and AML. For the group of AML as compared with the group of ALL, a high FPGH activity can play an additional role.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and physical activity of childhood leukemia survivors

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Conny Tanjung ◽  
Johannes Bondan Lukito ◽  
Prima Dyarti Meylani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
First Time

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the mostcommon malignancy of childhood, has an overall cure rate ofapproximately 80%. Long-term survivors of childhood ALL areat increased risk for obesity and physical inactivity that may leadto the development of diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome,as well as cardiovascular dis eases, and related mortality in theyears following treatment.Objective To evaluate the physical activity and the propensityfor developing obesity longer term in ALL survivors.Methods This retrospective cohort study included all ALLsurvivors from Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) Hospital. We assessedtheir physical activity and nutritional status at the first time ofALL diagnosis an d at the time of interview.Results Subjects were 15 ALL survivors aged 7 to 24 years. Themedian fo llow up time was 6.4 years (range 3 to 10 years). Only2 out of 15 survivors were overweight and n one were obese.All survivors led a sedentary lifestyle. Most female subjectshad increased BMI, though most were not overweight/obese.Steroid therapy in the induction phase did not increase the riskof developing obesity in ALL survivors.Conclusion Lon g-term survivors of childh ood ALL do not meetphysical activity recommendations according to the CDC (Centersfor Disease Control). Howevei; steroid therapy do not seem tolead to overweight/obesity in ALL survivors.

scholarly journals HLA-DPB1 matching status has significant implications for recipients of unrelated donor stem cell transplants

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 1220-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen E. Shaw ◽  
Steven G.E. Marsh ◽  
Neema P. Mayor ◽  
Nigel H. Russell ◽  
J. Alejandro Madrigal
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Tissue Typing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cell Transplants ◽  
Risk Of Disease

AbstractStudies in unrelated donor (UD) hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) show an effect of the matching status of HLA-DPB1 on complications. We analyzed 423 UD-HSCT pairs. Most protocols included T-cell depletion (TCD). All pairs had high-resolution tissue typing performed for 6 HLA loci. Two hundred eighty-two pairs were matched at 10 of 10 alleles (29% were DPB1 matched). In 141 HLA-mismatched pairs, 28% were matched for DPB1. In the 10 of 10 matched pairs (n = 282), the 3-year probability of relapse was 61%. This was significantly higher in DPB1-matched pairs (74%) as compared with DPB1-mismatched pairs (56%) (log rank, P = .001). This finding persisted in multivariate analysis. In the group overall (n = 423), relapse was also significantly increased if DPB1 was matched (log rank; P < .001). These results were similar in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; P < .001) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; P = .013). In ALL, DPB1-matched pairs had a significantly worse overall survival (log rank; P = .025). Thus, in recipients of TCD UD-HSCT, a match for DPB1 is associated with a significantly increased risk of disease relapse, irrespective of the matching status for the other HLA molecules. It is possible that this effect is especially apparent following TCD transplantations and invites speculation about the function of DPB1 within the immune system.

scholarly journals Association of Prolactin and Its Receptor Gene Regions with Familial Breast Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1513-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Vaclavicek ◽  
Kari Hemminki ◽  
Claus R. Bartram ◽  
Kerstin Wagner ◽  
Barbara Wappenschmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Mammary Tumors ◽  
Variant Alleles

Context: The contribution of prolactin (PRL) through its receptor (PRLR) to the pathogenesis and progression of human mammary tumors has received recent attention. Objective: We investigated whether genetic variation in the PRL and PRLR genes is associated with the risk of breast cancer (BC). Design: We conducted a case-control study with a total of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Setting: The study was conducted at an academic research laboratory and university clinics. Patients and Other Participants: A total of 441 German familial, unrelated BC cases and 552 controls matched by age, ethnicity, and geographical region participated in the study. Intervention(s): There were no interventions. Main Outcome Measures(s): SNP genotype and haplotype distributions and haplotype interactions were correlated with the risk of BC. Results: Two SNPs (rs1341239 and rs12210179) within the PRL promoter regions were significantly associated with increased risk in homozygotes for the variant alleles [odds ratio (OR), 1.67 and 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–2.50; and OR, 2.09 and 95% CI, 1.23–3.52, respectively]. The PRL haplotype containing the variant alleles of the promoter SNPs increased significantly the risk of BC (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.07–1.90). A PRLR haplotype was associated with a significant decrease in BC risk (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54–0.89). An increasing number of PRL and PRLR risk haplotypes led to a significant trend of increasing risk for BC (χ2 = 12.15; P = 0.007). Conclusions: Genetic variation in the PRL and PRLR genes was shown to influence BC risk. Additional studies are needed to further clarify the role of the PRL and PRLR genes in the risk of BC.

A Critical Role of Blockade of Cell Differentiation in BCR-ABL-Induced B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL): Basis for Superb Therapeutic Effect on B-ALL in Mice by Promotion of Pro-B Leukemic Cell Differentiation and Treatment with Imatinib.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 844-844
Author(s):  
Yiguo Hu ◽  
Linghong Kong ◽  
Kevin Staples ◽  
Kevin Mills ◽  
John G. Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract The BCR-ABL oncogene induces human Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) that advances to acute phase of CML called blast crisis. In this acute phase, CML patients can develop either B-ALL or acute myeloid leukemia. In B-ALL, differentiation of leukemic cells are blocked at pro-/pre-B stage, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesize that this blockade of B-cell differentiation may be important for the development of B-ALL induced by BCR-ABL, and if so, promotion of B-leukemic cell differentiation would create a novel therapeutic strategy for B-ALL. To test this hypothesis, we first compared the percentages of IgM+ B-leukemic cells in BALB/c and C57BL/6 (B6) mice with BCR-ABL-induced B-ALL, because we have previously found that B-ALL develops more quickly in BALB/c mice than in B6 mice (Li et al, J. Exp. Med.189:1399–1412, 1999). We expressed BCR-ABL in bone marrow (BM) using retroviral transduction and transplantation in these two different strains of inbred mice to induce B-ALL. There were significantly more peripheral blood B220+ B cells in BALB/c B-ALL mice than those in B6 mice, correlating to faster B-ALL in BALB/c mice than in B6 mice. Among these B220+ cells, IgM+ cells were much less in BALB/c mice than in B6 mice. We also compared rearrangement of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) heavy chains (m chains) between BALB/c and B6 backgrounds using BCR-ABL-expressing pro-B cell lines isolated from the B-ALL mice. Normal m chains rearrangement was found in B6 leukemic cells, but not in BALB/c leukemic cells. These results indicate that more differentiated B-leukemic cells are associated with less aggressive disease. To further demonstrate the role of blockade of B-cell differentiation in B-ALL development, we induced B-leukemic cell differentiation by co-expression of BCR-ABL and intact immunoregulatory tyrosine activation motifs (ITAM) contained in immunoglobulin (Ig)_/Igß complexes in BM cells of B-ALL mice, comparing to expression of BCR-ABL alone. We treated these mice with imatinib (orally, 100 mg/kg, twice a day). The treated mice with B-ALL induced by co-expression of BCR-ABL and ITAM lived three-week longer than those with B-ALL induced by BCR-ABL only, with some mice in long-term remission. Prolonged survival was associated with 50% increased B220+/IgM+ B-leukemic cells in peripheral blood of the mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that blockade of B-cell differentiation is critical for the development of B-ALL induced by BCR-ABL, and provide a rationale for combination therapy of B-ALL with imatinib and induction of leukemic cell differentiation.

scholarly journals HLA-DP genetic variation, proxies for early life immune modulation and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (15) ◽  
pp. 3039-3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Y. Urayama ◽  
Anand P. Chokkalingam ◽  
Catherine Metayer ◽  
Xiaomei Ma ◽  
Steve Selvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ear Infections

Abstract The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are candidate genetic susceptibility loci for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We examined the effect of HLA-DP genetic variation on risk and evaluated its potential interaction with 4 proxies for early immune modulation, including measures of infectious exposures in infancy (presence of older siblings, daycare attendance, ear infections) and breastfeeding. A total of 585 ALL cases and 848 controls were genotyped at the HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 loci. Because of potential heterogeneity in effect by race/ethnicity, we included only non-Hispanic white (47%) and Hispanic (53%) children and considered these 2 groups separately in the analysis. Logistic regression analyses showed an increased risk of ALL associated with HLA-DPB1*01:01 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.01-2.04) with no heterogeneity by Hispanic ethnicity (P = .969). Analyses of DPB1 supertypes showed a marked childhood ALL association with DP1, particularly for high-hyperdiploid ALL (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.20-2.78). Evidence of interaction was found between DP1 and older sibling (P = .036), and between DP1 and breastfeeding (P = .094), with both showing statistically significant DP1 associations within the lower exposure categories only. These findings support an immune mechanism in the etiology of childhood ALL involving the HLA-DPB1 gene in the context of an insufficiently modulated immune system.

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