Elevated Serum Ras Levels in Patients with LGL Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4457-4457
Author(s):  
Erin M. Nelli ◽  
Thomas P. Loughran ◽  
Kim Leitzel ◽  
Suhail M. Ali ◽  
Lawrence Demers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Lgl Leukemia ◽  
Non Parametric

Abstract Background: Ras is a GDP/GTP binding G protein that acts as a molecular switch converting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis. Activation of ras oncogenes has been identified in a variety of cancers, including 30% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated with chronic neutropenia, anemia, or autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum ras levels in patients with LGL leukemia. Methods: A novel ras p21 ELISA (Oncogene Science/Bayer HealthCare) employing two monoclonal antibodies was utilized to quantify ras levels in baseline serum obtained from 32 patients with LGL leukemia. A control group of 48 healthy subjects was also used to establish a cutoff for the upper limit of normal for serum ras levels. A 95% non-parametric cut-off was used to determine significant differences in the frequency of elevated serum ras levels in control vs. LGL leukemia patients. Results: The median serum ras level in the 48 healthy control subjects was 125 pg/mL, with a 5% to 95% range of 50–422 pg/mL. The upper limit of normal for serum ras was defined as 422 pg/mL, as determined using the 95 % non-parametric cut-off. In the LGL leukemia patient group, 19 of 32 patients (59 %) had elevated baseline serum ras levels (median 484 pg/mL) (p=0.0001) when utilizing the healthy control upper limit of normal cut-off value. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the majority of LGL leukemia patients have significantly elevated serum ras levels when compared to healthy controls. Serum ras should be evaluated as a potential biomarker in larger leukemia trials, especially for response to treatment with inhibitors of the ras signaling pathway.

Elevated serum ras level predicts decreased survival in patients with hematologic malignancies

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6562-6562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Nelli ◽  
K. Leitzel ◽  
S. M. Ali ◽  
H. A. Al-Mondhiry ◽  
L. Demers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

6562 Background: Ras is a GDP/GTP binding G protein that acts as a molecular switch converting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis. Activation of ras oncogenes has been identified in a variety of cancers, including 30% of acute myelogenous leukemia patients. The purpose of our study was to evaluate serum ras levels and correlate with survival in hematologic cancer patients. Methods: A novel ras p21 ELISA (Oncogene Science/Bayer Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA) employing two monoclonal antibodies reactive with H, K, and N ras was utilized to quantify total ras levels in serum obtained from patients with various hematologic malignancies including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Results: The total leukemia patient group consisted of 52 patients. At the 75th percentile serum ras cutpoint (524 pg/ml) 11/52 patients were defined as elevated for serum ras. From this patient group, 38 patients had clinical followup available and were included in the Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival. Patients with elevated serum ras (>524 pg/ml) had significantly shorter overall survival compared to those without (median OS 205 vs. 677 days) (p= 0.04). In a multivariate analysis including serum ras level and type of leukemia, serum ras level remained a significant independent variable for shorter overall survival (p=0.004). Within leukemia subtypes 2/18 AML, 4/9 CML, 3/7 ALL, and 0/4 CLL patients had elevated serum ras levels. Conclusions: Leukemia patients with elevated serum ras levels had a significantly shorter overall survival. Serum ras should be evaluated as a potential biomarker in larger leukemia trials, especially for response to treatment with inhibitors of the ras signaling pathway. [Table: see text]

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker for pulmonary thromboembolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Songul Ozyurt ◽  
Mevlut Karatas ◽  
Medeni Arpa ◽  
Bilge Yilmaz Kara ◽  
Hakan Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Abstract Objective Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a clinical condition that can be lethal unless promptly diagnosed and treated. The objective was to evaluate the significance of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the diagnosis of PTE. Materials and methods In this study, 60 patients hospitalized for acute PTE between May 2015 and December 2016 were enrolled. PTE was diagnosed using spiral computed tomography angiography of the thorax. Cardiac enzyme levels, arterial blood gas, and echocardiography measurements were performed. Whole blood samples were drawn to measure serum NGAL before treatment. Results The PTE group comprised 34 women and 26 men, and the healthy control group included 22 women and 18 men. The mean ages of the patient and control groups were 70.3 ± 14.4 years and 69.0 ± 10.2 years, respectively. Serum NGAL was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (88.6 ± 33.6 vs. 31.7 ± 10.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). The optimal NGAL cut-off value was >50 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 98.3%, the negative predictive value was 100%, and the positive predictive value was 68%. Conclusion Serum NGAL is a new biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity to detect, diagnose, and exclude PTE.

scholarly journals Serum Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) Level as a Potential Biomarker of Cholangiocarcinoma

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doungdean Tummanatsakun ◽  
Tanakorn Proungvitaya ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Temduang Limpaiboon ◽  
Sopit Wongkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Transmembrane Helix ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Peptide Cleavage ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Predicted Signal Peptide ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Dot Blot Analysis

Diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are still insufficient with poor prognosis of patients. To discover a new CCA biomarker, we constructed our secretome database of three CCA cell lines and one control cholangiocyte cell line using GeLC-MS/MS. We selected candidate proteins by five bioinformatics tools for secretome analysis. The inclusion criteria were as follows: having predicted signal peptide or being predicted as non-classically secreted protein; together with having no transmembrane helix and being previously detected in plasma and having the highest number of signal peptide cleavage sites. Eventually, apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) was selected for further analysis. To validate APEX1 as a bio-marker for CCA, serum APEX1 levels of 80, 39, and 40 samples collected from CCA, benign biliary diseases (BBD), and healthy control groups, respectively, were measured using dot blot analysis. The results showed that serum APEX1 level in CCA group was significantly higher than that in BBD or healthy control group. Among CCA patients, serum APEX1 level was significantly higher in patients having metastasis than in those without metastasis. The higher level of serum APEX1 was correlated with the shorter survival time of the patients. Serum APEX1 level might be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CCA.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic Variability as Potential Biomarker of Neurogenic Lesion Degree in Children with Spina Bifida

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ivana Petronic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragana Cirovic ◽  
Zoran Golubovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Neurogenic Lesions

Aims. In this study we analyzed the degree of genetic homozygosity among spina bifida patients with different degrees of neurogenic lesion (N = 82), as well as their clinical and neurological characteristics, compared to healthy control individuals (N = 100). Methods. According to clinical and electromyographic findings, we separately assessed the type of neurogenic lesion (paresis or paralysis). Regarding the degree of neurogenic lesion, patients were classified into three groups: mild, moderate and severe. We analyzed six muscles. For assessing the degree of individual genetic homozygosity, we tested the presence and distribution of 15 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). Results. The predominant type of neurogenic lesion was paresis. Every third evaluated muscle was affected in the group with mild neurogenic lesion, while more than half were affected in the group with severe neurogenic lesion. The average values of HRCs among different groups of patients and the control showed the population-genetic differences that exist among them (control x ¯ HRC/15 = 3.0 ± 0.2; mild x ¯ HRC/15 = 3.6 ± 0.2; moderate x ¯ HRC/15 = 4.8 ± 0.3; severe neurogenic lesion x ¯ HRC/15 = 5.0 ± 0.3). Conclusions. Spina bifida patients have a significant increase of recessive homozygosity and a decreased variability compared to the control group. As neurogenic lesions are more severe, more affected muscles are present, as well as the increase of individual recessive homozygosity.

Reproducibility of the Penn predictive score of tumor lysis syndrome (PPS-TLS) in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6577-6577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mato ◽  
A. N. Miltiades ◽  
M. Guo ◽  
D. F. Heitjan ◽  
M. P. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Predictive Score ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Tumor Lysis

6577 Background: In a previous retrospective study of 194 patients undergoing AML induction chemotherapy, we described a TLS predictive model entitled the Penn Predictive Score for Tumor Lysis Syndrome (PPS-TLS). TLS incidence was 9.8%. The PPS-TLS is defined as the sum of the scores for pre-induction lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid (UA), and gender (see table ). The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for this cohort was 89% (SD 4%). Methods: To validate the PPS-TLS, we retrospectively analyzed a second dataset of 166 AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy from 2003–2006 at our institution. All patients received TLS prophylaxis. TLS was defined as (i) doubling of baseline serum creatinine (Cr) in association with elevated serum phosphate, UA, or potassium or (ii) elevations in 2 of the above electrolytes within 7 days of initiation of therapy. Potential TLS predictive factors were analyzed for statistical significance. Results: In this new dataset, TLS incidence is 9.6%. Significant in univariate analysis are male sex (OR=6.0, CI 1.31–27.15), Cr (OR=13.0, CI 2.88–58.23), UA (OR=48.6, CI 5.78–408.95), and LDH (OR=1.2, CI 1.03–1.48). In multivariate analysis, LDH (OR=1.3, CI 1.04–1.70) and Cr (OR=6.8, CI 1.48–30.89) remain significant. PPS-TLS scores were calculated and tested for their ability to predict TLS in this dataset. The area under the ROC curve for the PPS-TLS in this dataset was 75% (CI 61%-89%), indicating that the probability that a patient with TLS would have a higher PPS-TLS score than one without TLS is 75%. The current result is not statistically significantly different from the area under the ROC curve in the initial dataset (89%). Conclusions: The PPS-TLS is the first TLS predictive model in AML. The reproducibility of this model is supported by this study. A prospective multisite study is being designed to further validate this model. This analysis may lay the groundwork for the first evidence-based guidelines for TLS monitoring and management in AML. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Discriminative Utility of Apelin-to-NT-Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Ratio for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Berezin ◽  
Ivan M. Fushtey ◽  
Alexander E. Berezin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Model ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: Apelin is a regulatory vasoactive peptide, which plays a pivotal role in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether serum levels of apelin is associated with HF with preserved election fraction (HFpEF) in patients with T2DM. Methods: The study retrospectively involved 101 T2DM patients aged 41 to 62 years (48 patients with HFpEF and 28 non-HFpEF patients). The healthy control group consisted of 25 individuals with matched age and sex. Data collection included demographic and anthropometric information, hemodynamic performances and biomarkers of the disease. Transthoracic B-mode echocardiography, Doppler and TDI were performed at baseline. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and apelin were measured by ELISA in all patients at the study entry. Results: Unadjusted multivariate logistic model yielded the only apelin to NT-proBNP ratio (OR = 1.44; p = 0.001), BMI > 34 кг/м2 (OR = 1.07; p = 0.036), NT-proBNP > 458 pmol/mL (OR = 1.17; p = 0.042), LAVI > 34 mL/m2 (OR = 1.06; p = 0.042) and E/e’ > 11 (OR = 1.04; p = 0.044) remained to be strong predictors for HFpEF. After obesity adjustment, multivariate logistic regression showed that the apelin to NT-proBNP ratio < 0.82 × 10−2 units remained sole independent predictor for HFpEF (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18–2.77; p = 0.001) HFpEF in T2DM patients. In conclusion, we found that apelin to NT-proBNP ratio < 0.82 × 10−2 units better predicted HFpEF in T2DM patients than apelin and NT-proBNP alone. This finding could open new approach for CV risk stratification of T2DM at higher risk of HF.

scholarly journals Differential Responsiveness of the Platelet Biomarkers, Systemic CD40 Ligand, CD62P, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB, to Virally-Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Steel ◽  
W. D. Francois Venter ◽  
Annette J. Theron ◽  
Ronald Anderson ◽  
Charles Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Suppressive Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soluble Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Healthy Control

Systemic biomarkers of inflammation, including cytokines and chemokines, are potentially useful in the management of both HIV infection and non-AIDS-defining disorders. However, relatively little is known about the utility of measurement of circulating biomarkers of platelet activation as a strategy to monitor the efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), as well as the persistence of systemic inflammation following virally-suppressive therapy in HIV-infected persons. These issues have been addressed in the current study to which a cohort consisting of 199 HIV-infected participants was recruited, 100 of whom were cART-naïve and the remainder cART-treated and virally-suppressed. Fifteen healthy control participants were included for comparison. The study focused on the effects of cART on the responsiveness of three biomarkers of platelet activation, specifically soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), sCD62P (P-selectin), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), measured using multiplex suspension bead array technology. Most prominently sCD40L in particular, as well as sCD62P, were significantly elevated in the cART-naïve group relative to both the cART-treated and healthy control groups. However, levels of PDGF-BB were of comparable magnitude in both the cART-naïve and –treated groups, and significantly higher than those of the control group. Although remaining somewhat higher in the virally-suppressed group relative to healthy control participants, these findings identify sCD40L, in particular, as a potential biomarker of successful cART, while PDGF-BB may be indicative of persistent low-level antigenemia.

scholarly journals Sputum procalcitonin – a potential biomarker in stable bronchiectasis

2021 ◽  
pp. 00285-2021
Author(s):  
William Good ◽  
Gene Jeon ◽  
Irene Zeng ◽  
Louanne Storey ◽  
Helen Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Procalcitonin Level ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Healthy Control

Introduction/AimSputum procalcitonin has been demonstrated to be elevated in exacerbations of bronchiectasis. The primary aim was to investigate whether sputum procalcitonin levels were higher in patients with stable bronchiectasis compared with healthy-controls. We also assessed differences in procalcitonin levels in spontaneously expectorated and induced sputum samples and their repeatability one week later.MethodsParticipants included were aged over 18 years and had either radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis or were healthy-controls. Patients with bronchiectasis were clinically stable for at least six weeks and had both spontaneous and induced sputum collected at visit one and again, seven days later. Only induced sputum samples were collected from healthy-controls during visit one. Sputum procalcitonin concentrations in sputum were measured.ResultsThirty patients with bronchiectasis and 15 healthy-controls were enrolled in this observational study. In the pooled data from visit 1 and 2, the geometric mean procalcitonin level in induced sputum was significantly higher in the bronchiectasis group than in the healthy-control group (1.5 ng·mL−1 [95%CI 1.0–2.1] versus 0.4 ng·mL−1 [95%CI 0.2–0.9], mean ratio: 3.6 [95% CI 1.5–8.6], p=0.006). Mean procalcitonin level was higher in spontaneous sputum than in induced sputum at visit 1 (1.8 ng·mL−1 [95%CI 1.2–2.7] versus 1.1 ng·mL−1 [95%CI 0.7–1.8]) and visit 2 (1.5 ng·mL−1 [95%CI 1.0–2.5] versus 1.2 ng·mL−1 [95%CI 0.8–1.6], p-value=0.001). Repeating spontaneous and induced sputum procalcitonin levels one week later produced similar concentrations (p-value=0.29; intraclass correlation co-efficient (ICC)=0.76 and p-value=0.72; ICC=0.70 respectively).ConclusionSputum procalcitonin is increased in patients with stable bronchiectasis and has potential as a biomarker of airway inflammation and infection in bronchiectasis.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis of outcomes between COVID-19 patients with an elevated serum lipase compared to those with pancreatitis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Benias ◽  
Sumat Inamdar ◽  
Diana Wee ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jonathan Buscaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Upper Limit

Background and Aims: COVID-19 patients may have asymptomatic hyperlipasemia without abdominal imaging findings or abdominal pain. In addition, primary and secondary pancreatitis have been described in COVID-19 patients. There is limited information on how the groups compare in outcomes. The aim is to compare outcomes among these groups. Methods: This is a retrospective study from 12 hospitals within one healthcare system examining outcomes between hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a lipase <3x upper limit of normal (ULN), asymptomatic hyperlipasemia (>3x ULN), secondary pancreatitis (typical respiratory COVID-19 symptoms and found to have pancreatitis), and primary pancreatitis (presenting with pancreatitis). Results: Of 11,883 patients admitted with COVID-19, 1,560 patients were included: 1,155 COVID-19 patients with a normal serum lipase (control group), 270 with an elevated lipase <3x ULN, 46 patients with asymptomatic hyperlipasemia with a lipase 3xULN, 57 patients with secondary pancreatitis, and 32 patients with primary pancreatitis. On adjusted multivariate analysis, the elevated lipase <3x ULN and asymptomatic hyperlipasemia groups had worse outcomes. The mortality was OR1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.2) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.5-2.3), respectively. The need for mechanical ventilation was OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-2.1) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.5-5.2), respectively. Longer length of stay was OR 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0) and 3.16 (95%CI 1.5-6.5), respectively. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with an elevated lipase< 3x ULN and asymptomatic hyperlipasemia have generally worse outcomes than those with pancreatitis. This could be attributed to extrapancreatic causes (liver failure, renal failure, enteritis, etc), which may signify a more severe course of clinical disease. Key words: pancreas; SARS-CoV-2; pancreatitis

scholarly journals Right ventricular non-compaction: myth or reality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kiss ◽  
ZS Gregor ◽  
M Horvath ◽  
A Furak ◽  
LE Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Right

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCMP) is characterized by excessive left ventricular (LV) trabeculation. The involvement of the right ventricle (RV) is still questionable, furthermore, the normal range for RV trabeculation is undefined.  Our aim was to describe the RV functional and strain values of patients with NCMP with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF) using cardiac MRI and to compare these parameters with healthy control subjects, furthermore, we aimed to define the normal range for RV trabeculation.  We included 81 NCMP patients with good LV-EF (mean age: 37.0 ± 14 years; EF: 69.4 ± 13.2%) and without comorbidities. Their parameters were compared to an age and sex matched control group (mean age: 37.2 ± 13.7 years; EF: 77.2 ± 15.0%). MR examinations were performed with 1,5T Philips Achieva and Siemens Aera devices. The Medis Suite software was used for post-processing analysis, the MedCalc software for statistics, p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  The RV trabecular mass index (RV-TRABi) was significantly greater and the RV-EF significantly smaller in the NCMP group compared with the controls (NCMP vs. control; TRABi: 20.6 ± 7.0 vs. 16.9 ± 4.2 g/m2; RV-EF: 62.8 ± 5.5 vs. 64.5 ± 4.5%; p &lt; 0.05). As for the RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) the results were close to significant (NCMP vs. control: -25.1 ± 4.0 vs. -26.4 ± 4.3%; p = 0.05). We defined the normal range of RV-TRABi with a lower limit of 8.2 g/m2 (90% confidence interval (CI): 6.8-9.5) and the upper limit of 22.1 g/m2 (90% CI: 23.6-26.5). 27.2% of the NCMP patients exceeded the upper limit of RV-TRABi.  The described differences in the RV-EF, RV-TRABi and RV-GLS draws attention to the possibility of the involvement of RV in patients with NCMP. Further follow-up studies would be necessary to evaluate the clinical importance of these alterations.

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