Solitary Plasmacytoma Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Trends in the United States

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5629-5629
Author(s):  
Anirudh Bikmal ◽  
Lakshmi Radhakrishnan ◽  
Ajay K. Nooka
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Abstract Background: The trends of incidence of solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) varied over time due to the changing definitions and the absence of clarity of the criteria. Prior studies have attempted to identify factors such as older age, gender, race as prognostic factors that influence survival of patients with SBP, but with changing paradigm of myeloma treatments, there is limited literature regarding the incidence, mortality and survival trends of SBP. Methods: We used the SEER registry from 1973-2009 to evaluate the incidence, mortality and survival trends in patients with SBP. The results were reported as crude incidence, mortality and survival rates. Two-sample t-tests, ANOVA as well regression analysis were used to examine correlation. Statistics were computed using the National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software, version 8.2.0. and SAS software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Using the ICD-O-3 and morphologic codes of 9731/3 to identify cases, the final study cohort consisted of 2,734 cases. Trends were evaluated by the eras of diagnosis: 1973-1980, 1981-1985, 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2009. Age-adjusted incidence rates (IR), standard mortality rates (SMR), survival rate (SR) were expressed as new cases per 100,000 person-years, and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Results: The median age of diagnosis of SBP among blacks is 61 years (range, 21-91) compared to others: 60 years (range, 28-88) and whites: 66 years (20-97). The age adjusted incidence rates for black males is: 0.3 (95%CI 0.2, 0.3) followed by black females 0.2 (95%CI 0.1, 0.2) white males 0.2 (95%CI 0.2, 0.2) white females 0.1 (95%CI 0.1, 0.1). The trends in incidence and mortality rates are illustrated in table 1 with highest IR noted for black males during the era 2006-2009. The 5-year survival rates for both males (figure 1) and females (figure 2) seem to be trending down over the eras examined. Regression analysis suggests males and other race have increased odds of survival (HR = 0.829, p=0.0078; HR = 0.54 and p=0.0038, respectively). Conclusions: Similar to myeloma, black patients tend to be diagnosed with SBP younger and have increased incidence. The incidence rates seem to be increasing, highest among blacks males, more likely from increased awareness and diagnosis. The mortality and survival patterns are comparable to whites. Interestingly, while the 5-year survival for myeloma among all racial groups is improving this analysis shows a decreasing trend for SBP. This observation is more likely from including myeloma patients under the diagnosis of SBP over the period of study. Recently, the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) clarified the definition of SBP which will help in accurate diagnosis and ultimately can help in accurate representation of the survival trends. Table 1. Incidence and Mortality Rates across Study Eras (SEER-9), 1973-2009 Years White (IR) White (MR) Black (IR) Black (MR) Other (IR) Other (MR) Male 1973-1980 0 0 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 1981-1985 0 0 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 1986-1990 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) 0 (0, 0.2) 1991-1995 0.2 (0.1, 0.2) 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) 0 (0, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 1996-2000 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) 0.2 (0, 0.4) 2001-2005 0.4 (0.4, 0.5) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) 0.2 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.2) 2006-2009 0.4 (0.4, 0.5) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.7 (0.4, 1) 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.2) Female 1973-1980 0 0 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 1981-1985 0 0 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 1986-1990 0.1 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.2) 1991-1995 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 0 (0, 0.1) 1996-2000 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 2001-2005 0.2 (0.2, 0.2) 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) 2006-2009 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) 0.1 (0, 0.2) 0 (0, 0.1) Figure 1. 5-year Survival Rates in males (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Figure 1. 5-year Survival Rates in males (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Figure 2. 5-year Survival Rates in females (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Figure 2. 5-year Survival Rates in females (SEER-9), 1973-2012 Disclosures Nooka: Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Trends in the United States From 1975 to 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1485-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean F. Altekruse ◽  
Katherine A. McGlynn ◽  
Marsha E. Reichman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Incidence rates are increasing in the United States. Monitoring incidence, survival, and mortality rates within at-risk populations can facilitate control efforts. Methods Age-adjusted incidence trends for HCC were examined in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries from 1975 to 2005. Age-specific rates were examined for birth cohorts born between 1900 and 1959. Age-adjusted incidence and cause-specific survival rates from 1992 to 2005 were examined in the SEER 13 registries by race/ethnicity, stage, and treatment. United States liver cancer mortality rates were also examined. Results Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates tripled between 1975 and 2005. Incidence rates increased in each 10-year birth cohort from 1900 through the 1950s. Asians/Pacific Islanders had higher incidence and mortality rates than other racial/ethnic groups, but experienced a significant decrease in mortality rates over time. From 2000 to 2005, marked increases in incidence rates occurred among Hispanic, black, and white middle-aged men. Between 1992 and 2004, 2- to 4-year HCC survival rates doubled, as more patients were diagnosed with localized and regional HCC and prognosis improved, particularly for patients with reported treatment. Recent 1-year survival rates remained, however, less than 50%. Conclusion HCC incidence and mortality rates continue to increase, particularly among middle-aged black, Hispanic, and white men. Screening of at-risk groups and treatment of localized-stage tumors may contribute to increasing HCC survival rates in the United States. More progress is needed.

scholarly journals Contemporary incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Gandaglia ◽  
Praful Ravi ◽  
Firas Abdollah ◽  
Abd-El-Rahman M. Abd-El-Barr ◽  
Andreas Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Introduction: This is a timely update of incidence and mortality for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the United States.Methods: Relying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age-adjusted incidence, mortality rates and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with histologically confirmed kidney cancer between 1975 and 2009. Long-term (1975–2009) and short-term (2000–2009) trends were examined by joinpoint analysis, and quantified using the annual percent change (APC). The reported findings were stratified according to disease stage.Results: Age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC increased by +2.76%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 6.5 to 17.1/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and by +2.85%/year between 2000 and 2009 (p < 0.001). For the same time points, the corresponding APC for the incidence of localized stage were +4.55%/year (from 3.0 to 12.2/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and +4.42%/year (p < 0.001), respectively. The incidence rates of regional stage increased by +0.88%/year between 1975 and 2009 (p < 0.001), but stabilized in recent years (2000–2009: +0.56%/year, p = 0.4). Incidence rates of distant stage remained unchanged in long- and short-term trends. Overall mortality rates increased by +1.72%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 1.2 to 5.0/100 000 person-years, P<0.001), but stabilized between 1994 and 2004 (p = 0.1). Short-term mortality rates increased in a significant fashion by +3.14%/year only for localized stage (p < 0.001).Interpretation: In contemporary years, there is a persisting upward trend in incidence and mortality of localized RCC.

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Incidence and Survival for Patients with Multiple Myeloma in the United States

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4508-4508
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Radhakrishnan ◽  
Sagar Lonial ◽  
Ajay K. Nooka
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Abstract Background: Over the past two decades the incidence of myeloma has been gradually increasing in the United States. The incidence rates are higher in men than women, and higher in blacks than whites. Similar to the differential incidence, overall survival rate between blacks and whites are also dissimilar; a difference that is not completely explained and may be attributable to genetic variations between the two groups. Methods: Using data from 18 SEER registries, we examined differences in incidence, mortality and survival from 1973-2012 for 89,867 myeloma patients (68,701 white, 16,364 black and 4,802 others) by race, gender and age-stratification. ICD-O-3 and morphologic (9732/3) codes were used to identify cases. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates, regression analysis and survival curves were calculated by race. Statistics were computed using the National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software, version 8.2.0. and SAS software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Results: Median age at diagnosis was 70 years (range 20-100 years) for the overall population (blacks: 66 years; whites: 71 years, and others: 69 years (P<0.01). The age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 populations were: blacks- 11.9 (95% CI 11.6, 12.1, P-value<0.05); whites- 5.1 (95% CI 5.0, 5.2) and others- 3.7 (95% CI 3.6, 3.9). The incidence rates were higher for black males, 14.2 (95% CI 14, 14.7) followed by black females, 10.3 (95% CI 10, 10.6, P-value<0.05). Using white male as reference, incidence rate ratios for black males and females are 2.20 (95% CI 2.12, 2.28) and 1.60 (95% CI 1.54, 1.65) respectively. The 2-year relative survival rates (RSR) for the study population were: whites- 60.4%, blacks: 64.1% and others: 68.4%, respectively. The 5-year RSR by race and gender are included in figure 1. On the survival analysis, black race is an independent factor to have improved survival (HR=0.884, P-value<0.0001). This was corroborated on regression analysis, showing decreased hazard ratios for blacks (HR 0.856 95% CI 0.834, 0.878) compared to whites (P-value<0.001). Conclusions: Black patients are diagnosed younger than whites and other races. The IRRs for black males are twice compared to white males. While the 5-year RSRs are improving for all races and genders, black race is an independent factor to have improved survival. Further population-based studies focused on the exploring the underlying biological mechanisms of disease may explain the earlier presentation with disease and better overall survival among black patients. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Lonial: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onyx: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Nooka:Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Trends in peripheral arterial disease incidence and mortality in EU15+ countries 1990–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748731989962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Goodall ◽  
Justin D Salciccioli ◽  
Alun Huw Davies ◽  
Dominic Marshall ◽  
Joseph Shalhoub
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Aims The aim was to assess trends in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) incidence and mortality rates in European Union(15+) countries between 1990 and 2017. Methods and Results This observational study used data obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. Age-standardised mortality and incidence rates from PAD were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange for EU15+ countries for the years 1990–2017. Trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression analysis. Between 1990 and 2017, the incidence of PAD decreased in all 19 EU15+ countries for females, and in 18 of 19 countries for males. Increasing PAD incidence was observed only for males in the United States (+1.4%). In 2017, the highest incidence rates were observed in Denmark and the United States for males (213.6 and 202.3 per 100,000, respectively) and in the United States and Canada for females (194.8 and 171.1 per 100,000, respectively). There was a concomitant overall trend for increasing age-standardised mortality rates in all EU15+ countries for females, and in 16 of 19 EU15+ countries for males between 1990 and 2017. Italy (–25.1%), Portugal (–1.9%) and Sweden (–0.6%) were the only countries with reducing PAD mortality rates in males. The largest increases in mortality rates were observed in the United Kingdom (males +140.4%, females +158.0%) and the United States (males +125.7%, females +131.2%). Conclusions We identify shifting burden of PAD in EU15+ countries, with increasing mortality rates despite reducing incidence. Strong evidence supports goal-directed medical therapy in reducing PAD mortality – population-wide strategies to improve compliance to optimal goal-directed medical therapy are warranted.

Penile Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of Incidence, Mortality Trends, and Geographic Distribution in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lagacé ◽  
Feras M. Ghazawi ◽  
Michelle Le ◽  
Evgeny Savin ◽  
Andrei Zubarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Background Penile invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare disease with several known risk factors. However, few studies have assessed its incidence, mortality, and temporal trends. Objective Our objectives are to analyze the epidemiology of penile SCC in Canada and to examine patient distribution with this cancer across Canada in order to elucidate population risk factors. Methods Three independent cancer registries were used to retrospectively analyze demographic data from Canadian men diagnosed with penile invasive SCC between 1992 and 2010. The Canadian Census of Population was used to calculate incidence and mortality rates at the province and Forward Sortation Area levels. Results The overall age-adjusted incidence rate was 6.08 cases per million males. Four provinces with statistically significantly higher incidence rates were identified. The national crude incidence rates increased linearly between 1992 and 2010, whereas the age-adjusted incidence rates showed no significant increase during this time period. The overall age-adjusted mortality rate was 1.88 deaths per million males per year. The province of Saskatchewan had significantly higher mortality rates. There was no increase in crude or age-adjusted mortality rates between 1992 and 2010. There was a significant positive correlation between incidence rates and obesity, Caucasian ethnicity, and lower socioeconomic status. Conclusion This study was able to establish geographic variation for this malignancy at the provincial level. Although there are many established risk factors for penile SCC, our results suggest that the increase in crude incidence rates observed is largely due to the aging population.

scholarly journals Trends in incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in Japan: a population-based study, 1997–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hagiya ◽  
T. Koyama ◽  
Y. Zamami ◽  
Y. Minato ◽  
Y. Tatebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractJapan is still a medium-burden tuberculosis (TB) country. We aimed to examine trends in newly notified active TB incidence and TB-related mortality in the last two decades in Japan. This is a population-based study using Japanese Vital Statistics and Japan Tuberculosis Surveillance from 1997 to 2016. We determined active TB incidence and mortality rates (per 100 000 population) by sex, age and disease categories. Joinpoint regression was applied to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in age-adjusted mortality rates and to identify the years showing significant trend changes. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates reduced from 33.9 to 13.9 and 37.3 to 11.3 per 100 000 population, respectively. Also, crude and age-adjusted mortality rates reduced from 2.2 to 1.5 and 2.8 to 1.0 per 100 000 population, respectively. Average APC in the incidence and mortality rates showed significant decline both in men (−6.2% and −5.4%, respectively) and women (−5.7% and −4.6%, respectively). Age-specific analysis demonstrated decreases in incidence and mortality rates for every age category, except for the incidence trend in the younger population. Although trends in active TB incidence and mortality rates in Japan have favourably decreased, the rate of decline is far from achieving TB elimination by 2035.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Disparities in New Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hoffman ◽  
David K. Espey ◽  
Robert L. Rhyne ◽  
Melissa Gonzales ◽  
Ashwani Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background.Previous analyses indicated that New Mexican Hispanics and American Indians (AI) did not experience the declining colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates observed among non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We evaluated more recent data to determine whether racial/ethnic differences persisted.Methods.We used New Mexico Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data from 1995 to 2009 to calculate age-specific incidence rates and age-adjusted incidence rates overall and by tumor stage. We calculated mortality rates using National Center for Health Statistics’ data. We used joinpoint regression to determine annual percentage change (APC) in age-adjusted incidence rates. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and gender.Results.Incidence rates continued declining in NHW (APC −1.45% men, −1.06% women), while nonsignificantly increasing for AI (1.67% men, 1.26% women) and Hispanic women (0.24%). The APC initially increased in Hispanic men through 2001 (3.33%,P=0.06), before declining (−3.10%,P=0.003). Incidence rates declined in NHW and Hispanics aged 75 and older. Incidence rates for distant-stage cancer remained stable for all groups. Mortality rates declined significantly in NHW and Hispanics.Conclusions.Racial/ethnic disparities in CRC persist in New Mexico. Incidence differences could be related to risk factors or access to screening; mortality differences could be due to patterns of care for screening or treatment.

scholarly journals Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seri Hong ◽  
Young-Joo Won ◽  
Young Ran Park ◽  
Kyu-Won Jung ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Control ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Cancer Statistics ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

PurposeThis study reports the cancer statistics and temporal trends in Korea on a nationwide scale, including incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality in 2017.Materials and MethodsThe incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were evaluated using data from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database from 1999 to 2017 with follow-up until December 31, 2018. Deaths from cancer were assessed using cause-of-death data from 1983 to 2017, obtained from Statistics Korea. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, and prevalence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated and trend analysis was performed.ResultsIn 2017, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer numbered 232,255 (ASR, 264.4 per 100,000) and 78,863 (ASR, 76.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased annually by 3.5% from 1999 to 2011 and decreased by 2.7% annually thereafter. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, by 2.8% annually. The 5-year relative survival rate for all patients diagnosed with cancer between 2013 and 2017 was 70.4%, which contributed to a prevalence of approximately 1.87 million cases by the end of 2017.ConclusionThe burden of cancer measured by incidence and mortality rates have improved in Korea, with the exception of a few particular cancers that are associated with increasing incidence or mortality rates. However, cancer prevalence is increasing rapidly, with the dramatic improvement in survival during the past several years. Comprehensive cancer control strategies and efforts should continue, based on the changes of cancer statistics.

scholarly journals The relationship between urologic cancer outcomes and national Human Development Index: trend from 2012 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Hua Mu ◽  
Yan-rou Jiang ◽  
Shi-geng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Net Survival ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Urologic Cancer

Abstract Objectives To describe the influence of the socioeconomic development on worldwide age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, as well as mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) and 5-year net survival of urologic cancer patients from 2012 to 2018. Methods The HDI values were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme, data on age-standardized incidence/mortality rates of prostate, bladder and kidney cancer were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN database, 5-year net survival was provided by the CONCORD-3 program. We then evaluated the association between incidence/MIR/survival and HDI, with a focus on geographic variability as well as temporal patterns during the last 6 years. Results Urologic cancer incidence rates were positively correlated with HDIs, and MIRs were negatively correlated with HDIs. Prostate cancer survival also correlated positively with HDIs, solidly confirming the interrelation among cancer indicators and socioeconomic factors. Most countries experienced incidence decline over the most recent 6 years, and a substantial reduction in MIR was observed. Survival rates of prostate cancer have simultaneously improved. Conclusion Development has a prominent influence on urologic cancer outcomes. HDI values are significantly correlated with cancer incidence, MIR and survival rates. HDI values have risen along with increased incidence and improved outcomes of urologic caner in recent years.

scholarly journals Adjustable Algorithmic Tool for Assessing the Effectiveness of Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccination on Infant Mortality in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rachel Cevigney ◽  
Christopher Leary ◽  
Bernard Gonik
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Country Specific

Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) due to RSV is a common cause of global infant mortality, with most cases occurring in developing countries. Using data aggregated from priority countries as designated by the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Maternal Child Health and Nutrition (MCHN) program, we created an adjustable algorithmic tool for visualizing the effectiveness of candidate maternal RSV vaccination on infant mortality. Country-specific estimates for disease burden and case fatality rates were computed based on established data. Country-specific RSV-ALRI incidence rates for infants 0-5 months were scaled based on the reported incidence rates for children 0-59 months. Using in-hospital mortality rates and predetermined “inflation factor,” we estimated the mortality of infants aged 0-5 months. Given implementation of a candidate maternal vaccination program, estimated reduction in infant RSV-ALRI incidence and mortality rates were calculated. User input is used to determine the coverage of the program and the efficacy of the vaccine. Using the generated algorithm, the overall reduction in infant mortality varied considerably depending on vaccine efficacy and distribution. Given a potential efficacy of 70% and a maternal distribution rate of 50% in every USAID MCHN priority country, annual RSV-ALRI-related infant mortality is estimated to be reduced by 14,862 cases. The absolute country-specific reduction is dependent on the number of live births; countries with the highest birth rates had the greatest impact on annual mortality reduction. The adjustable algorithm provides a standardized analytical tool in the evaluation of candidate maternal RSV vaccines. Ultimately, it can be used to guide public health initiatives, research funding, and policy implementation concerning the effectiveness of potential maternal RSV vaccination on reducing infant mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document