scholarly journals Chest physician-reported, work-related, long-latency respiratory disease in Great Britain

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Carder ◽  
Andrew Darnton ◽  
Matthew Gittins ◽  
S. Jill Stocks ◽  
David Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Dock Workers

Much of the current burden of long-latency respiratory disease (LLRD) in Great Britain is attributed to historical asbestos exposure. However, continuing exposure to other agents, notably silica, also contributes to disease burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of work-related LLRD reported by chest physicians in Great Britain, including variations by age, gender, occupation and suspected agent.LLRD incidence and incidence rate ratios by occupation were estimated (1996–2014). Mesothelioma cases by occupation were compared with proportional mortality ratios.Cases were predominantly in men (95%) and 92% of all cases were attributed to asbestos. Annual average incidence rates (males) per 100 000 were: benign pleural disease, 7.1 (95% CI 6.0–8.2); mesothelioma, 5.4 (4.8–6.0); pneumoconiosis, 1.9 (1.7–2.2); lung cancer, 0.8 (0.6–1.0); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 0.3 (0.2–0.4). Occupations with a particularly high incidence of LLRD were miners and quarrymen (COPD), plumbers and gas fitters (asbestosis), and shipyard and dock workers (all other categories). There was a clear concordance between cases of SWORD mesothelioma and proportional mortality ratios by occupation.Occupationally caused LLRD continues to contribute to a significant disease burden. Many cases are attributable to past exposure to agents such as asbestos and silica, but the potential for occupational exposures persists.

scholarly journals O3A.1 Assessing the under-estimation of occupational respiratory diseases in taiwan: analyses of disease burdens and healthcare costs

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A22.1-A22
Author(s):  
Chung-Yen Chen ◽  
Yawen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Long Latency

BackgroundRespiratory diseases, including pneumoconiosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory malignancies, are featured by their multi-etiological nature and long latency periods, adding to the difficulties in recognizing their work-relatedness. Due to their heavy overall disease burdens and high healthcare spending, examining the fraction of respiratory diseases attributable to occupational factors is helpful in understanding the magnitude of under-estimation of occupational injuries and diseases.MethodsPrevalence rates of various occupational exposures were assessed retrospectively with self-reported surveys or job-exposure matrices. Relative risks of theses exposures were drawn from international epidemiological literatures. The above two parameters were used to calculate population attributable risk percentages (PAR%), and with that the numbers of visiting and amounts of payment attributable to occupational factors were estimated based on the claim data of the National Health Insurance (NHI). The estimates were compared with the data of actual payment by the Workers’ Compensation Insurance (WCI).ResultsWe estimated that around 15 000 patients visited medical facilities for occupational respiratory diseases in 2015, costing a total of 10 million USD. In contrast, less than 200 cases were approved by WCI in the same year. A 100-fold gap between the estimated and actual payment was also noted. Estimation analyses further indicated that 9.6% of cases and 48.1% of healthcare costs were asbestos-related.ConclusionFor occupational respiratory diseases with long latency periods and great causal complexity, the scope of under-estimation was substantial, and their medical expenses had been largely paid by NHI rather than WCI. To increase the visibility of occupational respiratory diseases, workplace exposure assessment and disease surveillance should be improved and public awareness of occupational diseases should be raised.

scholarly journals The Estimated Number of Occupational Diseases and Work-Related Diseases in Turkey

Acta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Defne Kalaycı ◽  
Mehmet Erdem Alagüney ◽  
Ali Naci Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
National Burden

Objective: The number of occupational diseases are lower than expected in Turkey. We aimed to estimate the number of occupational diseases, work-related diseases, and deaths due to occupational exposures by using international estimations of attribution of workplace in this descriptive study. Methods: The attributable fraction values to occupation for selected diseases and deaths were compiled from the literature. Information on these diseases and deaths in Turkey was obtained from national burden of disease studies and statistics of Turkish Statistical Institute. The estimated number of occupational diseases, work-related diseases and deaths due to occupational exposures were calculated by using the number of diseases and deaths in Turkey and by the fraction of occupational exposures by using literature. Results: Based on the data of national burden of disease studies in Turkey; 321,868 musculoskeletal disorders, 79,232 to 95,845 circulatory system diseases, 38,994 to 56,992 chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 14,563 to 19,858 asthma cases, 29,550 hearing losses, and 4,902 to 16,341 cancer cases are estimated to be work-related. According to the Turkish Statistical Institute data, the number of deaths due to occupational causes was estimated to be 8,143 in circulatory system diseases; 1,913 in malignant tumors; and 2,130 in respiratory system diseases. However, the lowest and the highest number of occupational diseases announced by the Social Security Institution between 2007 and 2016 is 371 and 1,208, respectively. Conclusion: There are deficiencies in the diagnosis and reporting of occupational diseases. In order to plan and implement preventive actions, data should be reported in a large scale and reliable manner.

scholarly journals Two cases of asbestosis and one case of rounded atelectasis due to non-occupational asbestos exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Candura ◽  
A. Binarelli ◽  
G. Ragno ◽  
F. Scafa
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Pleural Plaques ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Contaminated Area

Asbestos is a well-known cause of several neoplastic (malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer) and non-neoplastic (asbestosis, pleuropathies) occupational diseases. Lower-level exposure in the general environment may induce pleural plaques and thickenings, and is associated with an increased mesothelioma risk. We present two patients (a 68-year-old man and a 72-year-old woman) who developed asbestosis (in association with pleural plaques and calcifications), and a 78-year-old man who developed rounded atelectasis (with pleural plaques and benign effusion), after living for several decades in the proximity of large Italian asbestos-cement plant. None of them had been exposed to asbestos occupationally. Besides living in a contaminated area, the woman used to clean the work clothes of her brother, who was employed in the local asbestos factory. The three cases indicate that non-neoplastic, long-latency asbestos-related diseases which are usually observed as a consequence of occupational exposures, may rarely develop in subjects living in contaminated geographical sites and buildings. These unusual environmental diseases raise the diagnostic problem of differentiating them from other, more common respiratory illnesses, and impose the duties of patient notification, assessment and follow-up, to assess the possibility of progression of disease and increased neoplastic risk.

scholarly journals P.2.31 Association between work and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease review of systematic reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A95.1-A95
Author(s):  
Henk van der Molen ◽  
Gerda de Groene ◽  
Carel Hulshof ◽  
Monique Frings-Dresen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent disease with reported prevalence up to 12%. Although smoking is one of the main factors in causing COPD, evidence from systematic reviews grows that also occupational exposures contribute. To examine whether work-related risk factors are associated with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) a review of systematic reviews was performed.MethodsMedline was searched from 2009 until 20 June 2017 for systematic reviews. Systematic reviews were included when outcome data were described in terms of clinically assessed COPD by means of data on lung function and at least two levels of work-related exposure were mentioned (exposed versus low or non-exposed). One author selected studies and extracted data, two authors assessed study quality with AMSTAR.ResultEight systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. In all reviews various exposures to vapour, dusts, gases, and fumes (VGDF) at work are associated with COPD. Most of the included studies are cross-sectional and show a high heterogeneity in population, setting and – mostly self-reported – exposures. Two high-quality reviews including meta-analyses show associations and excess risk of COPD for work-related general exposure to VGDF with a summary odds ratio of 1.4 (95% CI 1.19–1.73) and for work exposure to inorganic dust with a mean difference in predicted FEV1 of −5.7% (95%CI: - 8.62% to – 2.71%).DiscussionExposure to VGDF at work is associated with a small but increased risk of COPD. More detailed workplace measurements of specific VGDF are warranted to gain an insight into dose-response relationships.

scholarly journals Influence of type of dwelling on the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
T. N. Tran ◽  
N. B. Tran ◽  
H. M. T. Tran ◽  
H. K. Tang ◽  
X. M. Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
At Home

SETTING and OBJECTIVE: Exposure to pollutants is related to the type of dwelling inhabited. Besides tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution is a significant risk factor for chronic respiratory disease (CRD). The prevalence of CRD by type of dwelling was studied in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.DESIGN: A total of 1561 people living in four type of dwellings were enrolled. Information on respiratory health, lung function, dwelling characteristics and sources of indoor pollution was obtained using a symptom and demographics questionnaire and spirometry. The two main respiratory health outcomes were clinical chronic CRD (CCRD) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD) (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity <0.7). We used binary logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, time spent at home, smoking status, certain occupational exposures, previous tuberculosis, presence of pets, rats or cockroaches at home, wall dampness, biofuel use and use of airconditioning.RESULTS: The prevalence of CCRD (24.3%) and CORD (5.3%) in the type of dwellings studied were not similar (χ2 P < 0.0001). CCRD and CORD prevalence was similar in tube houses and apartments. Compared to people living in apartments, those living in rental single rooms had a 46% higher risk of developing CCRD. The odds ratio of having CORD in people living in rental single rooms and in rural houses were respectively 4.64 (95%CI 1.97–10.5) and 2.99 (95%CI 1.21–7.37).CONCLUSION: Type of dwelling was associated with CCRD and CORD morbidity.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smoking Bricklayers

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Jordan Minov ◽  
Jovanka Karadzinska-Bislimovska ◽  
Kristin Vasilevska ◽  
Snezana Risteska-Kuc ◽  
Saso Stoleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Work Related

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to occupational exposures remains an important public health problem taking significant toll on the global burden of the disease.Aim: In order to assess chronic prevalence and characteristics of COPD in bricklaying we performed a cross-sectional study including 47 never-smoking male bricklayers (aged 34 to 57 years) and an equal number of never-smoking male office workers studied as a control.Methods: Evaluation of examined subjects consisted of completion of a questionnaire, baseline spirometry, and bronchodilator reversibility testing.Results: We found higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in bricklayers with significant difference for cough and phlegm. Majority of the chronic respiratory symptoms in bricklayers were work-related. The mean values of all measured spirometric parameters in bricklayers were significantly lower than in office workers. The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher in bricklayers than in office workers (14.9% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.034). COPD in both examined groups was close related to age over 45 years, while in bricklayers significant association was registered for duration of occupational exposure longer than 20 years and work-related respiratory symptoms.Conclusion: Our findings support data about relationship between occupational exposure to inorganic dust and fumes in construction workers and persistent airflow limitation.

Exposure aboard high-performance Marine craft increases musculoskeletal pain and lowers contemporary work capacity of the occupants

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022098146
Author(s):  
Manudul Pahansen de Alwis ◽  
Riccardo LoMartire ◽  
Björn O Äng ◽  
Karl Garme
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exposure Conditions

High-Performance Marine Craft (HPMC) occupants are currently being investigated for various psychophysical impairments degrading work performance postulating that these deteriorations are related to their occupational exposures. However, scientific evidence for this is lacking and the association of exposure conditions aboard HPMC with adverse health and performance effects is unknown. Therefore, the study estimates the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among HPMC occupants and the association of their work exposure with MSP and performance degradation. It also presents a criterion for evaluating the self-reported exposure severity aboard three different types of mono-hull HPMC; displacement, semi-displacement and planing, on a par with the available standard criteria for objectively measurable exposures. Furthermore, another criterion is proposed to assess the performance-degradation of HPMC occupants based on self-reported fatigue symptoms and MSP. Swedish Coast Guard HPMC occupants were surveyed for MSP, fatigue symptoms as well as for work-related and individual risk indicators using a validated web-based questionnaire. Prevalence of MSP and performance-degradation during the past 12 months were assessed and presented as a percentage of the sample. Associations of exposure conditions aboard HPMC with MSP and performance-capacity were systematically evaluated using multiple logistic regression models and expressed as odds ratio (OR). Prevalence of MSP was 72% among which lower back pain was the most prevalent (46%) followed by neck pain (29%) and shoulder pain (23%) while 29% with degraded performance. Exposure to severe conditions aboard semi-displacement craft was associated with lower back (OR = 2.3) and shoulder (OR = 2.6) pain while severe conditions aboard planing craft with neck pain (OR = 2.3) and performance-degradation (OR = 2.6). MSP is common among Swedish coast guards. Severe exposure conditions aboard HPMC are significantly associated with both MSP and performance-degradation. The spine and shoulders are the most susceptible to work-related MSP among HPMC occupants which should be targeted in work-related preventive and corrective measures.

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