scholarly journals O3A.1 Assessing the under-estimation of occupational respiratory diseases in taiwan: analyses of disease burdens and healthcare costs

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A22.1-A22
Author(s):  
Chung-Yen Chen ◽  
Yawen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Long Latency

BackgroundRespiratory diseases, including pneumoconiosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory malignancies, are featured by their multi-etiological nature and long latency periods, adding to the difficulties in recognizing their work-relatedness. Due to their heavy overall disease burdens and high healthcare spending, examining the fraction of respiratory diseases attributable to occupational factors is helpful in understanding the magnitude of under-estimation of occupational injuries and diseases.MethodsPrevalence rates of various occupational exposures were assessed retrospectively with self-reported surveys or job-exposure matrices. Relative risks of theses exposures were drawn from international epidemiological literatures. The above two parameters were used to calculate population attributable risk percentages (PAR%), and with that the numbers of visiting and amounts of payment attributable to occupational factors were estimated based on the claim data of the National Health Insurance (NHI). The estimates were compared with the data of actual payment by the Workers’ Compensation Insurance (WCI).ResultsWe estimated that around 15 000 patients visited medical facilities for occupational respiratory diseases in 2015, costing a total of 10 million USD. In contrast, less than 200 cases were approved by WCI in the same year. A 100-fold gap between the estimated and actual payment was also noted. Estimation analyses further indicated that 9.6% of cases and 48.1% of healthcare costs were asbestos-related.ConclusionFor occupational respiratory diseases with long latency periods and great causal complexity, the scope of under-estimation was substantial, and their medical expenses had been largely paid by NHI rather than WCI. To increase the visibility of occupational respiratory diseases, workplace exposure assessment and disease surveillance should be improved and public awareness of occupational diseases should be raised.

scholarly journals Chest physician-reported, work-related, long-latency respiratory disease in Great Britain

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Carder ◽  
Andrew Darnton ◽  
Matthew Gittins ◽  
S. Jill Stocks ◽  
David Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Dock Workers

Much of the current burden of long-latency respiratory disease (LLRD) in Great Britain is attributed to historical asbestos exposure. However, continuing exposure to other agents, notably silica, also contributes to disease burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of work-related LLRD reported by chest physicians in Great Britain, including variations by age, gender, occupation and suspected agent.LLRD incidence and incidence rate ratios by occupation were estimated (1996–2014). Mesothelioma cases by occupation were compared with proportional mortality ratios.Cases were predominantly in men (95%) and 92% of all cases were attributed to asbestos. Annual average incidence rates (males) per 100 000 were: benign pleural disease, 7.1 (95% CI 6.0–8.2); mesothelioma, 5.4 (4.8–6.0); pneumoconiosis, 1.9 (1.7–2.2); lung cancer, 0.8 (0.6–1.0); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 0.3 (0.2–0.4). Occupations with a particularly high incidence of LLRD were miners and quarrymen (COPD), plumbers and gas fitters (asbestosis), and shipyard and dock workers (all other categories). There was a clear concordance between cases of SWORD mesothelioma and proportional mortality ratios by occupation.Occupationally caused LLRD continues to contribute to a significant disease burden. Many cases are attributable to past exposure to agents such as asbestos and silica, but the potential for occupational exposures persists.

scholarly journals Mortality rates for chronic lower respiratory diseases in Italy from 1979 to 2010: an age–period–cohort analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 00093-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Time Period

Chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The objectives of this study were to estimate the trends in CLRD mortality in Italy, and the specific contributions of age, time period and birth cohort in driving these trends.Population and cause-of-death data in Italy between 1979 and 2010 were collected from the World Health Organization website. Age-specific mortality rates for CLRDs, and effects for age, time period and birth cohort on mortality trends were estimated using age–period–cohort models.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis represent nearly 98% of the deaths from CLRDs. Despite the overall number of deaths have been stable (in men) or increasing (in women), the age-standardised rates have been steadily decreasing from 1979 to 2010, passing from 104.3 to 55.4 per 100 000 person-years in men and from 32.2 to 19.6 per 100 000 person-years in women. The average relative annual decrease was −3.6% in men and −2.7% in women. Since the end of the 1990s, the decreasing trend of CLRD mortality has started to level off, in particular in women. The decrease in CLRD mortality rates has been more accentuated in more recent cohorts and in younger age groups.Both birth cohort and time period significantly affected the CLRD mortality rates, suggesting that changes in the spread of risk factors (smoking habits, early-life and occupational exposures) across different birth cohorts, as well as in advanced in healthcare and medical practice, may have played a major role in secular changes in COPD mortality rates in Italy.

Survey on the Awareness of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in the Japanese General Public

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
General Public ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Age ◽  
Wide Range

Background: In Japan, people are typically aware of tuberculosis (TB) as a respiratory infection, but awareness of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis is lacking. In 2014, the estimated incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in Japan exceeded that of TB. Furthermore, the risk of infection is increasing because of the lack of public awareness regarding the high incidence of NTM-PD. The purpose of this study was to determine and raise the public awareness of NTM-PD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in Japan. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to 845 subjects who participated in and consented to a pulmonary age measurement event in Tokyo, Japan. The questions included items related to age, sex, smoking history, previous lung age measurement experience, and assessment of awareness of respiratory diseases such as NTM-PD and COPD, and PR awareness. Results: Awareness of NTM-PD was significantly lower (5.9%) than that of other diseases and independently of age. Of the subjects questioned, 10.3% had experienced PR and 18.6% were aware about PR. Those individuals who were aware of lung age measurement, PR, and other respiratory diseases were more likely to be aware of NTM-PD than those who were unaware. Conclusions: The general public is largely unaware of NTM-PD, regardless of age. In the future, more proactive educational activities targeting a wide range of age groups through different events such as lung age measurement are needed.

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Tool: A Promising Tool for Therapeutic Applications on Respiratory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Promising Tool

Respiratory diseases are one of the prime topics of concern in the current era due to improper diagnostics tools. Gene-editing therapy, like Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats- associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), is gaining popularity in pulmonary research, opening up doors to invaluable insights on underlying mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas9 can be considered as a potential gene-editing tool with a scientific community that is helping in the advancement of knowledge in respiratory health and therapy. As an appealing therapeutic tool, we hereby explore the advanced research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 tools in chronic respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We also address the urgent need to establish this gene-editing tool in various other lung diseases such as asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present review introduces CRISPR/Cas9 as a worthy application in targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrinolytic system via editing specific genes. Thereby, based on the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, it can be considered as a promising therapeutic tool in respiratory health research.

Interleukin-17A: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Ashwini Prabhu ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which, IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders. Objective: The present review is an insight into the involvement and contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in chronic respiratory diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obliterative bronchiolitis, lung cancer and many others. Conclusion: IL-17A is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In all the mentioned diseases, IL- 17A plays a prime role in inducing the diseases, whereas the lack of this pro-inflammatory cytokine reduces the severity of respective respiratory diseases. Thereby, this review suggests IL-17A as an instrumental target in chronic respiratory diseases.

Hazards for Construction Workers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin H. West ◽  
Laura S. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes the hazards for construction workers, with a particular focus on injuries as well as exposures to hazardous chemicals and dusts. A section describes hazardous exposures to lead and other heavy metals. Another section describes noise exposure. The impact of musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers is then discussed. A section on respiratory diseases focuses on asbestosis, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Exposures known to cause dermatitis and cancer are reviewed. There is a discussion of engineered nanomaterials as a potential emerging hazard. Various approaches to prevention and control, including regulations and health services, are described.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Model to Classify Patients with Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Martinho ◽  
Alberto Freitas ◽  
Ana Sá-Sousa ◽  
Ana Vieira ◽  
Jorge Meira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive

scholarly journals Hospitalisation for COPD in Puglia: the role of hospital discharge database to estimate prevalence and incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trerotoli ◽  
N. Bartolomeo ◽  
A.M. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Discharge Database ◽  
Discharge Database

Background and aim. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), although largely preventable, is a great health burden in all the countries worldwide. Statistics of morbidity and mortality of COPD show the need for correct management of the disease. Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases (DRG 88) are in 9th place for discharge in in-patient hospital admission. It is necessary to establish specific indicators which are efficacious and relevant for the patient, the doctor and the health manager. This study will analyse the information in respect of hospital admissions (Hospital discharge database) in Puglia for the period 2000-2005. Methods. The analysis was carried out utilising the Puglia Region hospital patient discharge database, selecting those patients with admission for chronic respiratory disease as principal or secondary diagnosis. Results. Chronic respiratory diseases are more frequent in males and in people over 45 years old with frequency increasing with age. Geographical distribution shows that there are greater rates of hospitalisation in big cities and in the neighbourhood of industrial areas. Although the trend over time is slight. A higher percentage of re-admission has been found for patients with COPD, and the interval between the two admissions occurs within one or two months; the diagnosis at the second admission is the same as for the first. 10.6% of discharge forms report one diagnosis, especially in patients older than 65 years of age. Little could be said about diagnostic procedures because these are not reported on the discharge form. Conclusion. Hospitalisation data confirms expectations regarding age and sex of patients. The high hospitalisation rates indicate that in-patients care still remains the only viable treatment for COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases. The high number of exacerbations reflect the absence of out-patients service or community care, and the same diagnosis in more than one episode shows the lack of efficiency of health services and disease management. This data is necessary to understand disease distribution and the modification of disease management in order to reduce health care costs, to increase efficacy in disease control and to limit repeated exacerbation and so to obtain the maximum benefit for the patients.

scholarly journals Chronic respiratory diseases at primary health care level in Georgia: the results of the pilot study

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chkhaidze ◽  
T. Maglakelidze ◽  
N. Khaltaev
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Morbidity ◽  
Official Data

Background and aim. Millions of people suffer from chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). To address this serious global health problem WHO formed the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major priority of GARD due to high chronic morbidity and mortality; however, there is still little prevalence data available. The prevalence of COPD in Georgia, as well as other CRD, is suspected to be high. Methods. GARD Pilot Survey (GAPS) in Georgia had been carried out by the Georgian Respiratory Association. The survey was conducted in the Sagarejo and Mtskheta districts with total population of about 70.000. All subjects provided information on asthma, bronchitis, respiratory symptoms, smoking, allergic conditions, CRD comorbidity and lifestyle via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 3,646 questionnaires were analysed. Results. It was discovered that official data concerning allergic rhinitis, TB and asthma are almost equal, but readings in relation to CRD are about five times lower according to official data of the Ministry of Health of Georgia. The data results: for allergic rhinitis - 218 in GAPS vs. 177 in the official statistics (for 100.000 population); for TB -105 in GAPS vs. 147 in the official statistics; for asthma -250 in GAPS vs. 374 in the official statistics; the data about CRD according to our survey is almost five times higher - 365 in GAPS vs. 84 in the official statistics (for 100.000 population). Conclusions. It is necessary to expand the survey to the entire country population. Country results are likely to be useful and interesting for local doctors and managers, as well as for officials.

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